单选题Some cities grow very large because of two important reasons. First, there may be important natural resources like wood, gas, oil, rivers or harbors near or in the city. Natural resources like wood or oil can be brought to the city and made into products to sell. Other resources, like rivers or harbors help to send the city's products to other places to be sold. Second, the city may be located in a place where roads and rivers come together. This makes these cities good places to buy and sell goods. Houston is a city that grew large because it has two important natural resources. They are oil and a good harbor. The oil can be brought to Houston, made into different products, and shipped out of the harbor to other parts of the world. Chicago is a city that grew very large because of its location at a place where roads, railways, and airways meet. In Chicago, goods can be brought together from all over the country and bought and sold. Then the goods can be loaded into trucks, trains or planes and sent to wherever they are needed. Because of Chicago's location, many people live and work there.

单选题You'd better ______ be late this time. A. to B. not C. not to

单选题Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, belief and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped form of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind the Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or the person addressed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.

单选题According to the passage, what is the meaning of the phrase "ups and downs" in the fifth sentence of paragraph two?

单选题You should have put the book ______ you found it. A. where B. wherever C. when D. whenever

单选题Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ______ she was so angry. A. which B. whether C. why D. what

单选题 However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and obstruct curricular objectives. Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer method used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics. Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the year as well as new ways of reporting pupils' progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home. To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent convert his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis. If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics and, at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers' conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of children's offences, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home. What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher; as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents' minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in stimulating the fullest development of youngsters' capacities.

单选题Questions 14—16 are based on the following talk on a dialogue between a man and a woman. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14—16.

单选题Recent research had claimed that an excess of positive ions (离子) in the air can have an illeffect on people"s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charges. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorms, earthquakes or when winds are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens. When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea (恶心) or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earthquakes; snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation (冬眠), rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the U.S. Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in all effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California. Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls. To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all, it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.

单选题Inthemarket-orientedeconomicsystem,______.A.consumersspendtheirmoneyatwillB.consumersspendtheirmoneyinaccordancewithproducers'desireC.consumers'actionsinthemarketplacehavenothingtodowiththebusinessmenD.consumer'sactionsaffectproductiongreatly

单选题Questions 11-13 are based on a global boycott of KFC. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13.

单选题Tha bag ______ books ______ mine. [A] full of; are [B] full of; is [C] full in; are

单选题Who won the World Cup 2006 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? (21) an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets (22) the detail. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spots to (23) the news. Newspapers have one basic (24) , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to (25) it. Radio, telegraph, television, and (26) inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. (27) , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the (28) and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are (29) and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers (30) of the latest news, today's newspapers (31) and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices (32) advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very (33) . Newspapers are sold at a price that (34) even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main (35) of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The (36) in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This (37) in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends (38) on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment (39) in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information (40) the community, city, county, state, nation, and world and even outer space.

单选题We all went to climb mountains ______Mary. [A] except [B] beside [C] besides

单选题Not all decisions are alike. Nor is every decision made in the same manner. Although some actions you undertake derive their basis from newly made decisions, there are other instances when decision-making does not really take place. The latter, according to Deacon and Firebaugh, may involve routine, programmed, impulsive or intuitive action. When you wake up in the morning and prepare to attend class, do you consciously make decisions about such things as which side of your hair to comb first, how to brush your teeth, or which shoe to put on first? Probably not. Although you may have made a conscious decision about what you were going to wear to class, you probably didn't spend any time in making a decision about how to get ready to attend class. Every individual has certain habits or routine behaviors. Although they originated from decisions made at an earlier time in your life, you no longer consciously make these decisions each time you undertake this type of action. Routine plans or actions serve a useful purpose in your daily life and management. How long would it take you to get up, get ready, and walk to class if you had to make separate decisions for each action you take? You use routine plans or action resources to make new decisions. In addition to the habitual behaviors or routines you follow, you also have certain specific actions you undertake in a given situation. These are called programmed decisions. Programmed decisions are different from routines. Routine plans or actions are patterns of behavioral actions repeatedly undertaken on a consistent and regular basis. Programmed decisions, on the other hand, utilize your past experience in a similar situation. For instance, you know you are going to have a test. Your method of studying for this test will be done using your knowledge of a similar experience. The degree of success previously achieved will be a determinant in how, when, where, and the length of time you study for this test. Programmed decisions, like routines, are a resource in your management. When the action undertaken proves to be successful, you repeat the same action the next time when a similar situation occurs. This successful achievement, measured by the satisfaction you received, determines when and the extent to which you modify the original decision before employing it again in other like situations. Both routine and programmed decisions serve useful purposes. They act as resources by eliminating the need to make new decisions. They also evaluate managerial action. The success you achieve enables you to bypass or minimize the use of the decision-making process.