问答题Widespreadtobaccoconsumptionhasledtograveconsequences,yetthetobaccocompaniesarestillclaimingthattheymakeavaluablecontributiontotheworldeconomy.Thereisadiscussiononnewspaperonthesetwoviewpoints.Writeanessaytothenewspaper1)criticizingtheirviewand2)justifyingyourstand.Inyouressay,makefulluseoftheinformationprovidedinthepicturesprintedbelow.

问答题The world's tropical rainforests comprise some 6% of the Earth's land area and contain more than half of all known life forms, or a conservative estimate of about 30 million species of plants and animals. 61)Some experts estimate there could be two or even three times as many species hidden within these complex and fast- disappearing ecosystems — scientists will probably never know for certain so vast is the amount of study required Time is running out for biological research. 62)Commercial development is responsible for the loss of about 17 million hectares of virgin rainforest each year — a figure approximating 1% of what remains of the world's rainforests. The current devastation of once impenetrable rainforest is of particular concern because, although new tree growth may in time repopulate felled areas, the biologically diverse storehouse of flora and fauna is gone forever. 63)Losing this bountiful inheritance, which took millions of years to reach its present highly evolved state, would be an unparalleled act of human stupidity. Chemical compounds that might be extracted from yet- to-be-discovered species hidden beneath the tree canopy could assist in the treatment of disease or help to control fertility. Conservationists point out that important medical discoveries have already been made from material found in tropical rainforests. The drug aspirin, now synthesised, was originally found in the bark of a rain- forest tree. Two of the most potent anti-cancer drugs derive from the rosy periwinkle discovered in the 1950s in the tropical rainforests of Madagascar. The rewards of discovery are potentially enormous, yet the outlook is bleak. Timber-rich countries mired in debt view potential financial gain decades into the future as less attractive than short-term profit from logging. Cataloguing species and analysing newly-found substances takes time and money, both of which are in short supply. The developed world takes every opportunity to lecture countries which arc the guardians of rainforests. 64)Rich nations exhort them to preserve and care for what is left, ignoring the fact that their wealth was in large part due-to the exploitation of their own natural world. It is often forgotten that forests once covered most of Europe. Large tracts of forest were destroyed over the centuries for the same reason that the remaining rainforests are now being felled—timber. 65)As well as providing material for housing, it enabled wealthy nations to build large navies and shipping fleets with which to continue their. Plunder of the world's resources. Besides, it is not clear that developing countries would necessarily benefit financially from extended bioprospecting of their rainforests. Pharmaceutical companies make huge profits from the sale of drugs with little return to the country in which an original discovery was made.

问答题Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawing,interpretitsmeaning,and2)supportyourviewwithexamples.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题1.The current situation in the tourism industry. 2. The advantages of developing tourism. 3. But there are problems too.

问答题This is hardly surprising when one considers the changeable nature of the sea where, even today, with sophisticated weather forecasting techniques a sudden storm can blow up quite unexpectedly.

问答题Interlocutor:NowI'dlikeyoutotalkaboutsomethingbetweenyourselves.Pleasespeakloudlysothatwecanhearyou.Youshouldtakecaretosharetheopportunityofspeaking.(PutthePicturesforcandidatesinfrontofbothcandidatesandgiveinstructionswithreferencetothepicture.)Manyfamiliescanonlyhaveonechildwhoisusuallyspoiledbygrandparentsandparents.Somanychildrenareraisedtobeselfish.Whatdoyouthinkofthat?Makeyourchoiceandgiveyourreasons.Thispictureisforyourreference.Youhavethreeminutesforthis.Wouldyouliketobeginnow,please?Picture

问答题 61) {{U}}Man's preoccupation with time derives ultimately from his unique relationship to it. All animals are changed by it. But only human can manipulate it. {{/U}} Like Proust, the French author whose experiences became his literary capital, man can remember the past. He can also summon up things to come, displaying imagination and foresight along with his memory. 62) {{U}}It can be argued that memory and foresightedness are the essence of intelligence; that man's ability to manipulate time, to employ both past and future as guides to present actions, is what makes him human. {{/U}} To be sure, many animals can react to time after a fashion. A rat can learn to press a lever that will, after delay of some 25 seconds, reward it with a bit of food. 63) {{U}}But if the delay stretches beyond 30 seconds, the animal is at a loss. It can no longer associate reward so far in the future with present action. {{/U}} Monkeys, more intelligent than rats, are better able to deal with time. If one of them is allowed to see food being hidden under one of two cups, it can choose the right cup even after 90 seconds has passed. 64) {{U}}But after that time interval, the monkey's hunt for the food is no better than chances predicts. {{/U}} With the apes, man's nearest cousins, "time sense" takes a bit step forward. Even under the laboratory conditions, quite different from those they encounter in the wild, apes sometimes show excellent abilities to manipulate the present to obtian a future goal. Let's take a chimpanzees(黑猩猩) for example. 65) {{U}}They can learn to stack four boxes, one atop the other, as a platform from which it can reach a hanging banana. They also carry their ability to cope with the present action by means of tools like human being. {{/U}}And it is by the making of tools -- physical tools as crude as a stone chopper, mental tools are subtle as a mathematical question -- that man characteristically prepares for future contingencies. Chimpanzees in the wild have been seen to strip a twig of its leaves to make a probe for extracting termites from their holes. Significantly, however, the ape does not make this tool before setting out on a termite hunt, but only when it actually sees the insects or their nest. Here, as with the banana and the crates, the ape can only deal with a future that is immediate and visible -- and thus halfway into the present.

问答题Electronic or "cyber" warfare holds the promise of destroying an army's — or even a whole nation's — ability to function without hurting human life. The technology is reaching the point, however, where cyber warfare may be decisive in its own right. 61) In highly centralized military operations, communications and data management have become essential tools linking individual small units and the central command structure. The neutron bomb is one of the most horrid weapons ever devised: It doesn't damage property; it only kills higher life-forms. 62) Wouldn't the opposite be wonderful, a device like the robot's ray in The Day the Earth Stood Still, which melts down weapons but not soldiers? Electronic or "cyber" warfare — hacking into an enemy's computers, jamming radio transmissions, and the like-holds that promise. It can-destroy an army's — or even a whole nation's — ability to function, but does not hurt human life. The United States has very good electronic warfare capabilities, but has used them only to support conventional military operations. The technology is reaching the point, however, where cyber warfare may be decisive in its own right. 63) Before we imagine what such a "cyberwar" scenario might be like, let's briefly look at how electronic warfare developed. During the Civil War, operations conducted by the Union army against the Confederate telegraph system foretold modern twentieth-century electronic warfare. Union operatives penetrated Confederate lines to tap into and read military traffic on the Confederate telegraph system. 64) Not only did these operations yield valuable intelligence information, but some operators even began sending bogus messages to sow confusion in the Confederate ranks. Just before World War I, radio communication seemed like a real boon to naval operations because it allowed ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communications, especially in bad weather. Before this time, flags or light blinkers with limited range provided the only means of communication between ships. Naval ship captains, however, were aware that a sophisticated set of shore-based equipment could locate ships by their radio transmission. By listening to the transmissions, the enemy could ascertain the number and type of ships even if they could not decode actual messages. For this reason, the U. S. Navy was particularly resistant to using radio. However, U.S. military observers aboard British warships soon saw that the tactical advantages of radio outweighed the intelligence losses. Electronic warfare grew rapidly in World War II with the advent of radar. 65) Monitoring radar frequencies allowed spoofing or jamming of enemy radar and led to major units and equipment devoted solely to countermeasures and counter-countermeasures. Gathering intelligence from radio transmissions also increased greatly.

问答题The Spring Festival is a traditional festival in China, and Chinese have been accustomed to celebrating it at home. But now more and more people choose to travel during this most important festival. Here is a discussion on this topic: 　　　(1) Some people think it is more interesting to travel during the Spring Festival. 　　　(2) Other people think it is better to stay at home with their families during the Spring Festival. 　　　(3) My opinion on this topic. In your essay, you should use the three pieces of information mentioned above. You should write 160 - 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your translation clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Newspaper publishers make money mainly from subscribers and advertisers. It's been that way for centuries. But in the last few years an important new income stream has opened up for newspapers. Among the pioneers is The Gazette Company in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, which since 1993 has been providing information to its readers delivered by both paper and, increasingly, the Web. "If a newspaper views itself as ink on paper, I don't think it will survive. " says Steve Hannah, vice president of information technology. 61) {{U}}Online newspapers are a look into the future, and just pondering it raises the question of whether it isn't nicer getting your daily news curled up in your favorite chair with your ballpoint pen handy to circle items of interest, or scissors ready to snip out articles you want to save.{{/U}} The Gazette Company is betting its subscribers want both electronic and paper options, and so far it seems to be right. The rest of the world is moving into cyberspace more slowly than the United States, and, in the developing world, the Internet has hardly penetrated at all. 62) {{U}}U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan is determined to change this through the United Nations Information Technology Service, which will train large numbers of people to tap into the income-enhancing power of the Internet.{{/U}} Annan is also proposing an Internet health network that will provide state-of-the-art medical knowledge to 10,000 clinics and hospitals in poor countries. The on-rushing Cyber Age has given newfound power to us all, as seen in Jody Williams's one-woman organization using e-mail to promote a global ban on land mines. Yet, this is but a glimpse of what's ahead in the minds of those immersed in this great and accelerating transformation. 63) {{U}}At Microsoft, Bill Gates predicts that by 2018 major newspapers will" publish their last paper editions and move solely to electronic distribution,'and that by 2020 dictionaries will redefine books as " eBook titles read on screen. "{{/U}} 64) {{U}}Computers have metamorphosed from the University of Pennsylvania's 1961 ENIAC--whose more than 17,000 vacuum tubes had less number-crunching power than today~ s laptop — into thumbnail-sized computer chips containing 42 million transistors.{{/U}} William Van Dusen Wishard, president of World Trends Research, is concerned. 65) {{U}}In a speech to the Issue Management Council in Washington D. C, he noted that "researchers at Carnegie Mellon University cite a two-year study showing depression and loneliness appearing at greater levels in people using the Internet than in others not using it, or not using it as much.{{/U}} Extensive exposure to the wider world via the Net appears to make people less satisfied with their personal lives. "

问答题Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.The cost of staging the year 2000 Olympics in Sydney is estimated to be a staggering $960 million, but {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}the city is preparing to reap the financial benefits that come from holding such an international event by equaling the commercial success of Los Angeles, the only city yet to have made a demonstrable profit from the Games in 1984.{{/U}} At precisely 4:20 a.m. on Friday the 24th of September 1993, it was announced that Sydney had beaten five other competing cities around the world, and Australians everywhere, not only Sydneysiders, were justifiably proud of the result. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}But, if Sydney had lost the bid, would the taxpayers of New South Wales and of Australia have approved of governments spending millions of dollars in a failed and costly exercise?{{/U}} There may have been some consolation in the fact that the bid came in $1 million below the revised budget and $5 million below the original budget of $29 million formulated in mid-1991. However, the final cost was the considerable sum of $24 million, the bulk of which was paid for by corporate and community contributions, merchandising, licensing, and the proceeds of lotteries, with the NSW Government, which had originally been willing to spend up to $10 million, contributing some $2 million. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The Federal Government's grant of $5 million meant, in effect, that the Sydney bid was financed by every Australian taxpayer.{{/U}} Prior to the announcement of the winning city, there was considerable debate about the wisdom of taking financial risks of this kind at a time of economic recession. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Others argued that 70% of the facilities were already in place, and all were on government-owned land, removing some potential areas of conflict which troubled previous Olympic bidders.{{/U}} The former NSW Premier, Mr. Nick Greiner, went on record as saying that the advantage of having the Games is not that you are going to have $7.4 billion in extra gross domestic product over the next 14 years, {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}I think the real point is the psychological change, the gaining of confidence, apart from the other more obvious reasons, such as the building of sporting facilities, tourism, and things of that nature.{{/U}}

问答题Thecostofstagingtheyear2000OlympicsinSydneyisestimatedtobeastaggering＄960million,but61){{U}}thecityispreparingtoreapthefinancialbenefitsthatcomefromholdingsuchaninternationaleventbyequalingthecommercialsuccessofLosAngeles,theonlycityyettohavemadeademonstrableprofitfromtheGamesin1984.{{/U}}Atprecisely4:20a.m.onFridaythe24thofSeptember1993,itwasannouncedthatSydneyhadbeatenfiveothercompetingcitiesaroundtheworld,andAustralianseverywhere,notonlySydneysiders,werejustifiablyproudoftheresult.62){{U}}But,ifSydneyhadlostthebid,wouldthetaxpayersofNewSouthWalesandofAustraliahaveapprovedofgovernmentsspendingmillionsofdollarsinafailedandcostlyexercise?{{/U}}Theremayhavebeensomeconsolationinthefactthatthebidcamein＄1millionbelowtherevisedbudgetand＄5millionbelowtheoriginalbudgetof＄29millionformulatedinmid-1991.However,thefinalcostwastheconsiderablesumof＄24million,thebulkofwhichwaspaidforbycorporateandcommunitycontributions,merchandising,licensing,andtheproceedsoflotteries,withtheNSWGovernment,whichhadoriginallybeenwillingtospendupto＄10million,contributingsome＄2million.63){{U}}TheFederalGovernment'sgrantof＄5millionmeant,ineffect,thattheSydneybidwasfinancedbyeveryAustraliantaxpayer.{{/U}}Priortotheannouncementofthewinningcity,therewasconsiderabledebateaboutthewisdomoftakingfinancialrisksofthiskindatatimeofeconomicrecession.64){{U}}Othersarguedthat70%ofthefacilitieswerealreadyinplace,andallwereongovernment-ownedland,removingsomepotentialareasofconflictwhichtroubledpreviousOlympicbidders.{{/U}}TheformerNSWPremier,Mr.NickGreiner,wentonrecordassayingthattheadvantageofhavingtheGames..."isnotthatyouaregoingtohave＄7.4billioninextragrossdomesticproductoverthenext14years."65){{U}}Ithinktherealpointisthepsychologicalchange,thegainingofconfidence,apartfromtheothermoreobviousreasons,suchasthebuildingofsportingfacilities,tourism,andthingsofthatnature.{{/U}}