单选题Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is "intelligent". Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it's worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N. B. D. -Nervous Break Down. "Intelligent" people do not have N. B. D. It's because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives. You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events, which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N. B. D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.

单选题What did Charles Darwin see in Chile?

单选题We haven't discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. A. where B. which C. why D. what

单选题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hale, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society' s moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (133%) of other people' s lives. Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual' s quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors. Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show' s main target audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life' s tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18-to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show' s exploitation. While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.

单选题 {{I}} Questions 11-13 are based on the following monologue on American food. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.{{/I}}

单选题Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between meanings and [A] senses, [B] sounds. [C] objects. [D] ideas.

单选题 Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag (喷气飞行时差反应). Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}making mistakes. It is actually caused by{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}of your "body clock"—a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The body clock is designed for a{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}daylight and darkness at the "wrong" times in a new time zone. The{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}of jetlag often persist for days{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}that is based on proven{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}pioneering scientific re- search. Dr. Martin Moore-Ere has{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}light exposure depends a great deal on{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary (旅行路线) and the individual's sleep{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}are used to produce a Trip Guide with{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}you are on an aero plane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.

单选题How far away you are from retirement plays a large part in how you should invest your retirement money. According to Leslie Wright of Westminster Portfolio Services Ltd., there are three stages to a long-term regular savings plan for retirement: capitalization, consolidation and conservation. In the first stage, people should be most concerned with building up their retirement savings investment. According to Wright, these investors can "take as aggressive an outlook as their nerves can stand," because at this point there is little capital to risk. The second step, consolidation, makes up the bulk of your savings plan; balance the aggressive investments with some tamer ones, to better protect your existing possessions. The final change, from consolidation to conservation, when your investments should aim to preserve the capital you have, should take place one to three years before you retire. The exact timing of all these should take current market conditions into account, although Wright warns against risky betting on future growth. "Greed must not be allowed to blind prudence," he says. Whatever vehicles you choose for your retirement share-holding, be sure to take advantage of dollar-cost averaging. By investing a fixed amount at regular intervals, you"ll be able to avoid the risk of poorly timed investments by averaging out the peaks and valleys of the market. Plus, regular contributions will let you avoid the temptation to drop out when the market falls, and to buy too much when prices are high. Those who are well along the road to retirement may have cause for concern these days. The plunging stock and property markets have shrunk savings, for retirement and otherwise; and some people have not planned for their retirement at all. You won"t be that rash, of course, but what if you"re already in mid-career and don"t have a retirement plan in place? If you don"t make some serious cuts in your spending and save heavily now, you"ll have to sacrifice in your golden years. Of course, it"s better still to get off on the right foot by starting your planning early. "No one should have to compromise his living standards when he retires," says Wright. "Retirement is a time to really enjoy life. We have all worked so hard." And one of the things you should be working hard on fight now is planning for those days of enjoyment.

单选题 {{I}}Questions 14 -16 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14 -16.{{/I}}

单选题Read the following text. Answer the questions below the text by choosing A, B, C or D. Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the "Tuskegee machine" of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U.S.. As a sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided. Unlike Washington, whose roots were in southern black agriculture, Du Bois's career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that city's black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bois's Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America. Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 to 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP's position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following theme: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race. As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the "talented tenth," according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.