问答题 Black holes. They act like huge drains in the universe. Frightening? Fascinating? Or just fantasy? The very concept of black holes confuses our common sense notions of matter, time, and space. The theory that black holes can, and probably do, exist in space doesn' t only concern scientists and astronomers. 61. {{U}}For if the theory is valid, we must question all our basic physical laws and, indeed, our "normal" experience of the physical world around us.{{/U}} What is a black hole? Well, it' s difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. 62. {{U}}Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape--not even light.{{/U}} So we can' t see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space--or so we think. How can this happen? The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they "collapse" and sometimes a supernova occurs. The collapse of a star may produce a "White Dwarf" or a "neutron star"--a star whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger, than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. 63. {{U}}Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.{{/U}} Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Our space and time laws don' t seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein' s relativity theory is the only one that can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer--they are relative. 64. {{U}}We do not yet fully understand the implications of relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein' s theory provided a basis for their existence.{{/U}} It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a partner to "the one which we can see in the sky. There is one star, called by its catalogue number HDE 226868, which must have a partner. This partner star, it seems, has a mass ten or twenty times greater than the sun--yet we can' t see it. Matter from HDE 226868 is being dragged towards this companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions. The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are endless. There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day harness the energy of black holes for man' s use on earth. There are also suggestions that black holes could be used to create bombs in the future, by amplifying radio waves sent up to them. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. 65. {{U}}They show us a world that operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}}WiththeappearanceoftheInternet,anewlifestyle—Soho,namely,smallorhomeoffice,isdevelopingquicklyintheworld.Thefollowinggraphshowitsgrowthtendercy.Youaresupposedtowriteacompositiononthissubject.Youshouldwriteapproximately160—200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.{{/I}}

问答题 　　At our house, nobody gets more mail than Jake: catalogs, coupons, and offers to subscribe to magazines.{{U}} (61) He is also urged to donate to worth causes and take advantage of some pretty incredible credit-card offers.{{/U}} He ignores all of them. What do they expect? He's a dog.　　(62){{U}}It all started when I used Jake's name as an assumed name on the Internet. in an attempt to protect what's left of my privacy.{{/U}} Before I knew it, junk was pouring in, proving once again that these days every move you make online can be, and often is, carefully watched and recorded by people who don't know you from your dog--everyone from ad and insurance agencies to nonprofit groups and even the dreaded telemarketers. And let's not forget the more, shall we say, unscrupulous characters.　　{{U}}(63) We've all heard horror stories about people whose identities, in the form of credit card or Social Security numbers, were assumed by crooks. Identity theft is one of the fastest-growing crimes around.{{/U}} Even if you never buy anything online, your privacy can be compromised by Web "cookies." A cookie is a small file that a Web site stores on your computer containing information it can use to "recognize" you if you return to that site. Most cookies pose little risk to privacy on their own. The problem comes when others get hold of your cookies. In a highly publicized case earlier this year, DonbleClick Inc planned to cross reference consumer cookie data with information from a marketing database, such as name, address and credit card purchase history.{{U}} (64) Seen as an unethical violation of consumers' privacy, a lawsuit followed. DoubleClick backed off the plan. for now.{{/U}} In the meantime, other threats to your cyber privacy still exist. Example: Anyone who knows where to look can buy stolen credit card numbers in chat rooms, and spends up every penny on your card in minutes. {{U}}(65) As new technologies bring out the creativity in crooks, your best bet may be plain old-fashioned vigilance.{{/U}} Keep track of each penny, balance your checkbook and follow up on discrepancies in your statements immediately. However much the world change, it still pays to be your own watchdog.

问答题The automobile industry has enjoyed a continuous boom in the past ten years. Here is a discussion on this topic: (1) Some people think automobiles bring convenience. (2) Other people think automobiles bring many problems. (3) My points of view on automobiles. In your essay, you should use the three pieces of information mentioned above. You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Three common ways of remembering are: repetition, association, and exaggeration. Repetition is the key to long term memory. 61) Physiologically, when brain cells are activated by the memory process, the nerve cell coating becomes thicker and thicker with each repetition, strengthening the electrical pathway in brain that constitutes memory. In addition, when associations between parts of a thing remembered are formed, the nerve cell body sends out axon runners to other associated memory cells. These runners from one cell connect to runners on other cells. 62) As the pathway is used repetitiously, the surrounding cells become larger and more tightly wrapped around the electrically conductive pathways, thereby transforming the memory from a short-term memory to a long-term memory. Memories of similar objects reside in nearby regions of the brain, while memories of exotic or exaggerated objects are farther away. 63) By forming memories with creative and unusual associations, many more pathways are established, much like a spider weaving an ever bigger web, in which each part leads to the center by many interconnected pathways. Memory links are also established when a variety of sensations and muscular activity are engaged. 64) Indeed, some people seem to be more proficient at learning by either seeing, heating or writing, but no one method can provide the more numerous pathways provided by all three in combination. Memory is enhanced not only by repetition, but also by association and exaggeration of certain features of the object. Many memories are recalled as series of objects. For instance, a memory device to remember four common logical fallacies is a picture of the Earth, with the green continents and blue oceans, viewed from outer space with a flight of white geese circling around it. This image is used to recall the statement "geese circle every continent." The first letters of that statement stand for the logic fallacies of generalization, circularities, either/or, and cause and effect. Size, also, seems to play a role in memorization. During the Middle Ages, memory contests were held annually. In one, the winner remembered one hundred thousand sequential items. A time-proven memory method from the Middle Ages is association of abstract ideas to large objects. 65) The objects used for trigger recall seem to need to be about the size of a human, so that, if we were blind, we could identify the object by touch. Large objects in the memory seem to engage muscular memory areas as well as sight memory areas in the brain and expand the memory web. For instance, remembering the points of a speech about a military battle might involving walking from one room to another in a familiar house.

问答题Directions: You are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition on Bicycles according to the following outline: 1．The most important and popular transportation tools in China; 2．Compared with cars, bicycles have many advantages; 3．Bicycles also bring about a lot of problems. You should write 160—200 words and write your composition neatly and coherently.

问答题The Students' Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included. Write an essay on the topic My Idea of A University Arts Festival to state your opinion. In your essay, you should (1)state specifically what your idea is, (2) provide one or two reasons to support your idea or describe your idea, and (3) draw a natural conclusion. You should write 160～200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题 {{U}}The free enterprise system has produced a technology capable of providing the American consumer with the largest and most varied marketplace in the world. Technological advances, however, have come hand-in-hand with impersonal mass marketing of goods and services. {{/U}}Along with progress, too, have come some instances of manipulative advertising practices and a proliferation of products whose reliability, safety and quality are difficult to evaluate. Today's consumers buy, enjoy, use and discard more types of goods than could possibly have been imagined even a few years ago. Yet too often consumers have no idea of the materials that have gone into the manufacturer's finished product or their own motivation in selecting one product over another. 62. {{U}}Easy credit and forceful techniques of modern marketing persuade many consumers to buy what they cannot afford. The consequent overburdening of family budgets is a problem for consumers at all economic levels.{{/U}} It is not unusual for families to allocate 20 percent or more of their income to debt repayments witho6t understanding the effect this allocation has upon other choices. Some families have such tight budgets that an illness, a period of unemployment, or some other crisis finds them without adequate reserves. 63. {{U}}In addition to the growing complexity of the market, consumers are sometimes faced with unfair and deceptive practices. Although there are laws designed to protect the consumer, there is not a sufficient number of law enforcers to cover all the abuses of the marketplace.{{/U}} 64. {{U}}There is growing concern and awareness, too, of the disadvantage of the poor and undereducated American in the marketplace of the affluent.{{/U}} Families in low-income inner city and rural areas often do not have the same varieties of goods and prices available to them as their middle-income counterparts. They are more likely to be targets for fraudulent sales schemes and high cost credit than their affluent neighbors. An adult in today's society should be knowledgeable in the use of credit. He should understand what is involved in purchasing a house, and the many pitfalls to be avoided when entering into financial agreements. 65. {{U}}He should know enough about advertising and selling techniques to enable him to discern the honest from the fraudulent and deceptive.{{/U}} He should be knowledgeable about consumer protection laws so that he can demand his rights. When he needs help, he should know the private and public sources to which he can turn for assistance.

问答题Interlocutor: Good morning/afternoon. Could I have your mark sheets, please? Thank you. (Hand over the mark sheets to the Assessor.) My name is ______ and this is my colleague ______. He/She will just listen to us. So, you axe ______ (name) and ______ (name)? Thank you. First of all, we'd like to know something about you, so I'm going to ask you some questions.

问答题Directions:StudythefollowingtablecarefullyandwriteacompositiononChangesinPeople'sDiet.Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingtable.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethetable,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyoucommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题The purpose of these ceremonies is to keep away evil spirits, rather than to ask for the sea god's protection.

问答题Directions: Write an essay on making friends. In your essay, make full use of the information provided below. (1) Why do people need friends? (2) What is friend? (3) How to make friends? You should write approximately 160—200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Directions: Nowadays, the conflict between economic development and environmental protection has become more and more serious. What are your points of view? Write an essay of 160～200 words. Make your points of view clear. In your essay, you should 1) State your opinion; 2) Give your reasons and suggestions.

问答题Industrialsafeoperationhaslongbeenamatterofconsiderableconcernofourgovernment.Hove-ever,theoccurrenceofaccidents,especiallyofdeathaccidentsisstillincreasinginthepastfiveyearsdespitemuchgovernmentaleffort,Thereisadiscussioninanewspaperabouthowtocurbtherisingofdeathaccidentseffectively.Writeanessayforthesamenewspaperto(1)describethedrawing,(2)analyzethereasons,and(3)stateyourposition.Inyouressay,makefulluseoftheinformationprovidedinthedrawingprintedbelow.Youshouldwrite160～200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题 I was shocked by such a response, and I know that erroneous views similar to this can be heard everywhere. 61) {{U}}In the last analysis, these people think that pollution is just unavoidable in our search for a better, modernized life{{/U}}. But ladies and gentlemen, can we really believe that mankind will be able to lead such a life if things are allowed to go on like this? 62) {{U}}The answer is: definitely not. for people and nature are so closely related to each other' that the destruction of the harmony between the two will ultimately lead to human destruction.{{/U}} Fortunately, we Chinese people have a fine tradition of cherishing nature. 63) {{U}}The great philosopher and educator Confucius once said. "The will of heaven means the order of nature and the troth means to follow the order of nature, and man should never be separated from the troth{{/U}}." And now, more and more people are moving towards the realization and observance of this troth; more and more people have come to be aware of the importance of protecting mother nature-our habitat; more and more people, government officials, entrepreneurs and men in the street alike, are pondering over questions such as: how are environmental laws to be carded out in real earnest? How can industrial wastes be best disposed of or utilized? 64) {{U}}How can we contribute to preserving biodiversity? What can we do to effectively curb the depletion of the ozone layer? What should be done to further prevent land degradation and desertification? In what way can we best handle our garbage and domestic sewage{{/U}}? People are working hard in order to find answers to these questions, not only in words but also with actions. 65) {{U}}And I'm sure that our efforts in this regard will help Us find satisfactory, solutions to the existing problems and will eventually lead to harmony between people and nature.{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Friend- ship. You should base your composition on the following outline, and write coherently and neat- ly, in no less than 120 words. Outline: ①机不可失，时不再来。 ②每当机遇降临，伴之而来的是成功的希望，但是机遇不能自行实现成功。 ③成功者与失败者的区别就在于处理机遇的态度。 ④我的观点是。