问答题Interlocutor:Now,I'dlikeyoutotalkaboutsomethingbetweenyourselvesandspeakloudlysothatwecanhearyou.Youshouldtakecaretosharetheopportunityofspeaking.(PutthePictureforCandidatesinfrontofbothcandidatesandgiveinstructionswithreferencetothepicture.)图片说明：主要讨论环境问题是世界问题，环境问题的解决要靠所有国家的通力合作：(地球是一个整体，某一国家发生环境灾难，势必影响周围邻居，环境的保护需要所有国家联合起来采取行动。)

问答题Directions: We enjoy sports in one way or another. But can you explain why having sports is such a common phenomenon in the modern world? Write an essay and give three reasons: 1) it can be convenient, 2) it brings fun, and 3) you can enjoy it without participating because there are spectator sports to be enjoyed. You should write 160-200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Some people think that young people today are not as hard-working, patient as their parents when they were young. Besides, young people now are quite materialistic. But some young people just do not agree to that and say that time has changed. The qualification for a good youth is different nowadays. What do you think are the qualifications for a good youth now? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

问答题The cost of staging the year 2000 Olympics in Sydney is estimated to be a staggering $ 960 million, but 1 the city is preparing to reap the financial benefits that come from holding such an international event by equaling the commercial success of Los Angeles, the only city yet to have made a demonstrable profit from the Games in 1984. At precisely 4:20 a. m. on Friday the 24th of September 1993, it was announced that Sydney had beaten five other competing cities around the world, and Australians everywhere, not only Sydneysiders, were justifiably proud of the result. 2 But, if Sydney had lost the bid, would the taxpayers of New South Wales and of Australia have approved of governments spending millions of dollars in a failed and costly exercise? There may have been some consolation in the fact that the bid came in $ 1 million below the revised budget and $ 5 million below the original budget of $ 29 million formulated in mid-1991. However, the final cost was the considerable sum of $ 24 million, the bulk of which was paid for by corporate and community contributions, merchandising, licensing, and the proceeds of lotteries, with the NSW Government, which had originally been willing to spend up to $ 10 million, contributing some $ 2 million. 3 The Federal Government"s grant of $ 5 million meant, in effect, that the Sydney bid was financed by every Australian taxpayer. Prior to the announcement of the winning city, there was considerable debate about the wisdom of taking financial risks of this kind at a time of economic recession. 4 Others argued that 70% of the facilities were already in place, and all were on government-owned land, removing some potential areas of conflict which troubled previous Olympic bidders. The former NSW Premier, Mr. Nick Greiner, went on record as saying that the advantage of having the Games... "is not that you are going to have $ 7.4 billion in extra gross domestic product over the next 14 years." 5 I think the real point is the psychological change, the gaining of confidence, apart from the other more obvious reasons, such as the building of sporting facilities, tourism, and things of that nature.

问答题Chinese families' expense structure has changed dramatically since 1990s. The change, its possible reasons, and its effect on individuals and the whole Chinese society have provoked many people into thinking about China's rapid development. The following table shows the change of family expenses in Shanghai, one of China's biggest cities. Statistics of Family Expenses in Shanghai/r/n /r/n /r/n 1990年/r/n /r/n 2000年/r/n /r/n 2007年/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n Food ＆ Clothing/r/n /r/n 68%/r/n /r/n 45%/r/n /r/n 20%/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n Recreation/r/n /r/n 3%/r/n /r/n 5%/r/n /r/n 8%/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n Education/r/n /r/n 6%/r/n /r/n 16%/r/n /r/n 22%/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n Health Care/r/n /r/n 6%/r/n /r/n 10%/r/n /r/n 16%/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n Others/r/n /r/n 17%/r/n /r/n 24%/r/n /r/n 35%/r/n /r/n /r/n Write an essay to In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the table and it must include the above ideas given in Chinese. You should write 160～200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Directions: The following table gives statistics showing the aspects of quality of life in five countries. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the table below. You should write at least 150 words. Countries GNP per head(1982.US dollars) Daily caloriesupply perhead Life expectancyat birth(years) Infant mortalityrates (per 1000live births) BangladeshBoliviaEgyptIndonesiaUSA 14057069058013160 18772086295022963652 4050564974 132124978712 Selected statistics showing aspects of the quality of life in 5 countries

翻译题The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) conservatively estimates that, by 2005, worldwide electronic, computer-dependent commerce will grow from its current $30 billion annually to approximately $1 trillion every year . 【61】^Growth in electronic commerce is not a straight line trend ― it comes slowly at first, then accelerates rapidly.# For example, an innovation at one Internet site may create a base that leads to the development of many other sites. The OECD timber estimates that, of this commerce,80 percent will be business-to-business, though the retail share will clearly be worth capturing ― 20 percent of $1 trillion is no small figure. It is easy to forget that the Worldwide Web did not exist before 1991 and was not commercialized until 1994. 【62】^ Nonetheless, although it may take six years to reach sales of $1 trillion, it won'' t take six more to reach $2 trillion, nor perhaps even two to expand from 2 to 4 trillion dollars.# One reason for this acceleration will be the growth in computer ownership. According to one projection, by 2005,70 percent of American households will have a computer ― a figure that may well be closer to 98 percent because computers will be free to customers who sign up internet service as part of the manufacturer''s package. 【63】^Electronic commerce will turn the world into one giant shopping mall for products, services. and investments.# One obvious effect will be the creation of geographically mobile capital, but even more importantly, e-commerce will make a global marketplace for labor services, and thus the practical equivalent of worldwide labor mobility. People will be able to live in one nation and earn income in another. 【64】^By 2005,more than half of the average employee''s working hours in advanced countries( like the United States and the United Kingdom)will be spent at home.# In occupations where physical contact is important ― selling, for example ― businesses will end to locate closer to where employees want to live rather than making them commute. In fact, businesses will have to pay a high premium to attract commuters because labor markets will be tight ― as they already are in America and England and as they may eventually become in continental Europe. 【65】^Employees will be, figuratively speaking, in the driver''s seat.# As a result, large cities will increasingly be surrounded by full-service communities. The cities will not die, but jobs, entertainment, and the like will move to the suburbs that have been quickly expanding around them.

翻译题I have noticed that children are not even being school in social graces. At a Sunday brunch, a clown was making balloon animals for the children. 【61】^My friend'' s daughter, Sarah, stood by me waiting her turn.# The children grabbed their balloons one by one and ran. 【62】I was the only adult present who prompted "What do you say "when the clown handed Sarah her balloon. The clown beamed at us, grateful he had actually been acknowledged.# I don'' t blame the children, however. They emulate what they see. 【63】^And what they are seeing is a society focused solely on acquisition no matter another drink in a restaurant or a space on a crowded freeway ― without ever stopping to thank the source.# Rude language is now so common that it is accepted behavior. And I''m not talking about the obviously blue vocabulary in books and movies, or that damn is considered harmless compared to what else has become acceptable. I''m referring to inconsiderate word choice. For example, while discussing a story idea with an editor, a very young stall member asked if I was the "chick "who had called for information. I said nothing, knowing that a show of displeasure would have labeled me oversensitive rather than him rude. 【64】^Most people today feel proud to have built a society that treats the races, sexes, and economic classes more equally ever before. And, yes, we have made real strides in these areas.# But isn''t it ironic that these same people don''t find it necessary to say "Excuse me "to an older couple walking very slowly in front of them, before zooming around the couple? It''s not necessary to provide yet another analysis of the disintegration of the family or the breakdown of the social fabric or the price of democracy to explain what has happened to our society. The matter at hand is simply to thank the next person who provides a helping hand when needed. In a crowded world, manners are very important. Small, friendly human interactions help ease the everyday stress of having to hurry, trying to squeeze onto a crowded thoroughfare, standing in one more line to deal with a clerk of some kind, or calling a customer service representative for the third time about a mistake on a bill. Manners make us aware that everything we have derives from a source. 【65】^Are we really so pressured that we cannot stop to observe simple courtesy?#

翻译题This is a historic occasion. And I am particularly pleased to see Chairman Deng Xiaoping is able to be present. 　　【61】^ The Joint Declaration on the Future of Hong Kong, which we have just signed on behalf of our two Governments, is a landmark in the life of the territory; in the course of Anglo-Chinese relations; and in the history of international diplomacy.# The Agreement establishes a firm basis for confidence in Hong Kong up to 1997 and beyond, and for its continued stability, prosperity and growth. 　　I remember with pleasure my last visit to China in September 1982 and my discussions with Chinese leaders. At my meeting with Chairman Deng Xiaoping on that occasion we agreed to open talks on the future of Hong Kong. 　　【62】^Our common aim was to maintain the territory''s stability and prosperity. It is in a spirit of pride and of optimism about the future that I now return to sign the agreement, which is the result of those talks.# 　　I think you will agree that the negotiations were not always easy. At certain points there were difficult decisions to be made on both sides. There were moments of tension. 　　【63】^To overcome these difficulties we needed to draw on a shared fund of goodwill, on friendship , and on a common commitment to Hong Kong''s future.# This was what made success possible. I should like to pay tribute to the dedication of the two negotiating teams and all their supporting staff, under the guidance of Sir Geoffrey Howe and State Councilor and foreign Minister Wu Xueqian. It is thanks to the imagination and resource which they showed that we can sign an agreement today. 　　The agreement fully meets the political requirements of Britain and China, as well as the interests of the Hong Kong people. 　　【64】^It provides the framework in which as a Special Administrative Region of the People''s Republic of China, Hong Kong will maintain its economic system and way of life for 50 years after the first of July, 1997.# It gives Hong Kong a high degree of autonomy: Hong Kong people will administer Hong Kong and the Special Administrative Region will pass its own legislation. It allows Hong Kong to continue to decide its own economic, financial and trade policies and to participate as appropriate in international organizations and agreements. It preserves Hong Kong''s familiar legal system and the rights and freedoms enjoyed there. 　　【65】^In short it provides the assurances for future which Hong Kong needs, in order to continue to play its unique role in the world as a trading and financial center.#

翻译题Laws of nature are of two basic forms: (1) a law is universal if it states that some conditions, so far as are known, invariably are found together with certain other conditions; and (2 ) a law is probabilistic if it affirms that, on the average, a stated fraction of cases displaying a given condition will display a certain other condition as well. In either case, a law may be valid even though it obtains only under special circumstances or as a convenient approximation. 61 )^ Moreover, a law of nature has no logical necessity; rather, it rests directly or indirectly upon the evidence of experience.# Laws of universal form must be distinguished from generalizations, such as " All chairs in this office are gray," which appear to be accidental. Generalizations, for example, cannot support counterfactual conditional statements such as " If this chair had been in my office, it would be gray" nor subjunctive conditionals such as "If this chair were put in my office, it would be gray. " On the other hand, the statement " All planetary objects move in nearly elliptical paths about their star" does provide this support. All scientific laws appear to give similar results. 62)^The class of universal statements that can be candidates for the status of laws, however, is determined at any time in history by the theories of science then current.# Several positive attributes are commonly required of a natural law. Statements about things or events limited to one location or one date cannot be lawlike. Also, most scientists hold that the predicate must apply to evidence not used in deriving the law; though the law is founded upon experience, it must predict or help one to understand matters not included among these experiences. Finally, it is normally expected that a law will be explainable by more embracing laws or by some theory. 63)^Thus, a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds for expecting it will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories.# Universal laws are of several types. 64)^Many assert a dependence between varying quantities measuring certain properties, as in the law that the pressure of a gas under steady temperature is inversely proportional to its volume.# Others state that events occur in an invariant order, as in "Vertebrates always occur in the fossil record after the rise of invertebrates. " Lastly, there are laws affirming that if an object is of a stated sort it will have certain observable properties. 65)^Part of the reason for the ambiguity of the term law of nature lies in the temptation to apply the term only to statements of one of these sorts of laws, as in the claim that science deals solely with cause and effect relationships, when in fact all three kinds are equally valid.#

翻译题It is, perhaps, no accident that many of the outstanding figures of the past were exceptionally versatile men. 61)^Right up until comparatively recent times, it was possible for an intelligent person to acquaint himself with almost every branch of knowledge.# Thus, men of genius like Leonardo da Vinci or Sir Philip Sidney, engaged in many careers at once as a matter of curse. Da Vinci was so busy with his numerous inventions, that he barely found the time to complete his paintings; Sidney , who died in battle when he was only thirty -two years old, was not only a great soldier, but a brilliant scholar and poet at well. 62 )^Both these men came very near to fulfilling the Renaissance ideal of the "universal man" , the man who was proficient at everything.# Today, we rarely, if ever, hear that a musician has just invented a new type of submarine. Knowledge has become divided and sub-divided into countless, narrowly-defined compartments. The specialist is venerated; the versatile person, far from being admired, is more often regarded with suspicion. 63)^The modern world is a world of highly -skill " experts" who have had to devote the greater part of their lives to a very limited field of study in order to compete with their fellows.# With this high degree of specialization, the frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever before. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. 64)^ The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than a moron, is a modern phenomenon ; as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology.# Similarly, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes are often given up in despair; their require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the world''s greatest pianists in your own drawing-room? Little-by-little, we are becoming more and more isolated form each other. 65)^It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are.# The Royal Society in Britain includes among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disconcerting to find that even here, as one of its fellow put it, at a lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said!

翻译题"Intelligence" at best is an assumptive construct― the word''s meaning has never been clear. 【61】^There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.# But it is generally agreed that a person who has high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and use verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child''s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to ― it was not designed for such purposes . 【62】^To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.# The other thing we should notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair. 【63】^Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison.# It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one''s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you must do, and the intellectual ability to do it. 【64】^The first two must be equal for all who axe being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.# In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. Nobody is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require" general intelligence”. 【65】^On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.#