单选题If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition — wealth, distinction, control over one"s destiny — must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition"s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious." The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.

单选题 In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently，as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they're looking for. Nonetheless，many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier, " says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company's private intranet. Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Point cast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That's a prospect that horrifies Net purists. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.

单选题The Chinese predicted an earthquake by ______.

单选题 A person becomes part of the Christian community through baptism — it is a matter of choice{{U}} (21) {{/U}}birth. The Christian community is a gathered community{{U}} (22) {{/U}}who believe that Jesus is the Christ and that they have salvation{{U}} (23) {{/U}}. It is open to males and females of any age, race, or{{U}} (24) {{/U}}. A Christian is normally affiliated with a particular parish or congregation that is{{U}} (25) {{/U}}the care of a particular clergy-person A baptized person is usually{{U}} (26) {{/U}}a Christian by all Christians everywhere: however, there may be some additional requirements to meet if a person{{U}} (27) {{/U}}to a church of a different tradition. Giving money and goods needed by others{{U}} (28) {{/U}}a part of Christian living. Some Christians engage in tithing, the{{U}} (29) {{/U}}of 10 percent of their income to support the work of the church,{{U}} (30) {{/U}}includes charitable services of those in need. Other Christians give smaller{{U}} (31) {{/U}}of their income to the church but contribute either directly to those in need or to organizations that serve human beings or lower animals. Although some Christians believe the world will continue to become more evil until Christ returns to earth,{{U}} (32) {{/U}}think that they{{U}} (33) {{/U}}improve the world. Christian service to God means,{{U}} (34) {{/U}}, not only charity to meet current needs but also altering institutions and structures of society in order to{{U}} (35) {{/U}}poverty, illness, and injustices, For some Christians, the social implications of the gospel are almost as important as the religion. John Woolman visited the slaveholders in the United States to{{U}} (36) {{/U}}them to free their slaves. Henry Ward Beecher openly supported a campaign to free all the slaves. Walter Rauschenbusch labored to improve living and working conditions for poor people in cities. Albert Schweitzer brought modern medicine to people in Africa. Martin Luther King used the{{U}} (37) {{/U}}resistance methods{{U}} (38) {{/U}}by Mohandas K. Gandhi to win recognition of civil right for black people of the United States. Mother Teresa worked to save abandoned children in Calcutta. These few examples give some idea of the{{U}} (39) {{/U}}of activities{{U}} (40) {{/U}}have fostered to improve the living conditions of their fellow humans.

单选题In the author's opinions, housing is _________.

单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system. Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don' t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression. One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader re-exposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.

单选题Questions 11～13 are based on the following dialogue about a trip to London. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11～13.

单选题Many people who fly at least occasionally have come down with a cold or the flu shortly after disembarking. Is the air in airborne commercial jets 1 ? The Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), 2 which 42,000 flight attendants with 27 airlines are represented, evidently thinks so. The organization claims that the incidence of air-quality-related diseases has 3 among its members and demands that prompt actions be 4 to improve the conditions in the airplane cabin. A study the AFA 5 in 1997 uncovered about 1,000 self-reported incidents of headaches, dizziness and memory loss 6 flight attendants and passengers. Some flight attendants were too ill to 7 their safety duties, while others have been permanently disabled. Because of airlines" efforts to 8 their expenses, cabin-air filters are not cleaned 9 . The complaints of flight attendants do not always give 10 to correct maintenance. Airlines turned to recycled air, 11 that they would reduce some of their costs. They are not required to put filters in. Airlines are 12 great pressure to get their flights out 13 . So they do not pay as much attention to systems that are not as 14 to flight schedule and safety. Recent research findings emphasize the concern that filters can 15 engine chemicals into the cabin air. This may not happen 16 every flight, but it is a persistent problem. In a study published in October 1998 an investigation was made 17 complaints of crew members 18 air quality and health. More than half of the 200 subjects reported health problems they 19 to cabin air. It was concluded that these health problems were consistent with 20 harmful gases and substances.

单选题Dr. McFarland emphasizes the great menace of accidents by comparing it to ______.

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单选题The author uses the word "euphemism" as an example to maintain that______.

单选题The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?

单选题Ireland is divided into two political parts as [A] Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland. [B] Southern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. [C] The Republic of Ireland and Northera Ireland. [D] Northern Ireland and Britain.

单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}} Karen Rusa was a 30-year-old woman and the mother of four children. For the past several months Karen had been experiencing repetitive thoughts that centered around her children's safety. She frequently found herself imagining that a serious accident had occurred; she was unable to put these thoughts out of her mind. On one such occasion she imagined that her son, Alan, had broken his leg playing football at school. There was no reason to believe that an accident had occurred, but she kept thinking about the possibility until she finally called the school to see if Alan was all right. Even after receiving their assurance that he had not been hurt, she described herself as being somewhat surprised when he later arrived home unharmed. Karen also noted that her daily routine was seriously hampered by an extensive series of counting work that she performed throughout each day. Specific numbers had come to have a special meaning to her; she found that her preoccupation with these numbers was hampering her ability to perform everyday activities. One example was grocery shopping. Karen believed that if she selected the first item on the shelf, something terrible would happen to her oldest child. If she selected the second item, some unknown disaster would fall on her second child, and so on for the four children. Karen's preoccupation with numbers extended to other activities, most notable the pattern in which she smoked cigarettes and drank coffee. If she had one cigarette; she believed that she had to smoke at least tour in a row, or one of her children would be harmed in some way. If she drank one cup of coffee, she felt compelled to drink tour. Karen acknowledged the unreasonableness of these rules, but, nevertheless, maintained that she felt more comfortable. When she observed them earnestly, when she was occasionally in too great a hurry to observe these rules, she experienced considerable anxiety, in the form of a subjective feeling of dread and fear. She described herself as tense, uneasy, and unable to relax during these periods. The occurrence of rarely minor accidents does not reduce her belief that she had been directly responsible because of her inability to observe the rules about number.