单选题 How many different kinds of emotions do you feel? You may be {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}to find that it is very hard to specify all of them. Not only {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}hard to describe in words, they are difficult to {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}. As a result, two people rarely {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}all of them. However, there are a number of {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}emotions that most people experience. When we receive something that we want, or something happens {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}we like, we usually feel joy or happiness. Joy is a positive and powerful emotion, {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}for which we all strive. It is natural to want to be happy, and all of us {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}happiness. As a general {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}, joy occurs when we reach a {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}goal or obtain a desired object. {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}people often desire different goals and objects, it is {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}that one person may find joy in repairing an automobile, {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}another may find joy in solving a math problem. Of course, we often share {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}goals or interests, and therefore we can experience joy together. This may be in sports, in the arts, in learning, in raising a family, or in {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}being together. When we have difficulty {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}emotions such as anger and grief. When little things get in our way, we experience {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}frustrations or tensions. For example, if you are dressing to go out {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}a date, you may feel frustration when a zipper breaks or a button fails off. If you really want something to happen, and you feel it {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}happen, but someone or something stops it, you may become quite angry.

单选题The author argues that the change to a nationwide banking systems should be ______.

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单选题 For many years, any discussion of reparations to compensate the descendants of African slaves for 246 years of bondage and another century of legalized discrimination was dismissed. Many whites and blacks alike scoffed at the idea, reasoning that slavery is part of the past that would only unleash new demons if it were resurrected. Opponents contend that the fledgling reparations movement overlooks many important facts. First, they assert, reparations usually are paid to direct victims, as was the case when the US government apologized and paid compensation to Japanese-Americans interned during World War Ⅱ. Similarly, Holocaust survivors have received payments from the Germans. In addition, not all blacks were slaves, and an estimated 3, 000 were slave owners. Also, many immigrants not only came to the United States after slavery ended, but they also faced discrimination. Should they be paid reparations, too? Or should they receive them? And regardless of how much slave labor contributed to the United States' wealth, opponents contend, blacks benefit from that wealth today. As a group, Afro-Americans are the best-educated, wealthiest blacks on the planet. But that attitude is slowly changing. At least 10 cities, including Chicago, Detroit and Washington, have passed resolutions in the past two years urging federal hearings into the impact of slavery. Mainstream civil rights groups such as National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Urban League and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference regularly raise the issue. The surging interest in reparations parallels a heightened sensitivity to the horrors of slavery, in which as many as 6 million Africans perished in the journey to the Americas alone. There also is growing attention being paid to the huge economic bounty that slavery created for private companies and the country as a whole. Earliest this year, Aetna Inc. apologized for selling insurance policies that compensated slave owners for financial losses when their slaves died. Last summer, the Hartford Courant in Connecticut printed a front-page apology for the profits it made from running ads for the sale of slaves and the capture of runaways. Next month, a new California law will require insurance companies to disclose any slave insurance policies they may have issued. The state also is requiring University of Californian officials to assemble a team of scholars to research the history of slavery and report how current California businesses benefited. Proponents of reparations argue that, even for nearly a century after emancipation in 1865, blacks legally were still excluded from the opportunities that became the cornerstones for the white middle-class.

单选题The author says that South Africa is doing better than China because______.

单选题The profits from some hotels unfortunately go______.

单选题 Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today. Salt may seem rather a strange {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}to use as money, {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}, were used as money in some countries until recent {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, and cakes of salt {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa. Sea shells {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}as money at some time {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}another over the greater part of the Old World. These were {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right across the {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}from East to West. Metal, valued by weight, {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}paper money. It can either be exchanged {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called "cash". The {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old-older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean. Nowadays, coins and notes have {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}nearly all the more picturesque {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}of money, and {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}such as weddings and funerals, examples of {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}money will soon be found only in museums.

单选题People living on part of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered,0 (21) their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs (22) their gardens had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, (23) down the cliff and into the sea. Erosion of the white cliffs (24) the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be (25) as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most (26) and have drawn up a map for (27) people, (28) the year in which their homes will be (29) up by the hungry sea. (30) owners have (31) the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would (32) hundreds of millions of pounds and would (33) make the waves and currents go further along the coast, (34) the problem from one area to (35) . The danger is (36) to continue, they say, (37) the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten (38) limestone is. (39) , if you want to buy a cheap house with an (40) future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.

单选题Given the fact that each person is only one of approximately 90 million voters in this country, does it make sense to believe that one person"s participation, one vote, will have any impact on a major election? Simply to raise the question "What if everyone felt the same way?" does not remove the lingering impression that a single person is made to feel insignificant by the enormous number of people who do go to the polls, especially in a national election. Supporters of the ruling elite theory insist that even though voters are given a choice among candidates, their choice is restricted to a narrow range of similar-minded individuals approved by the ruling elite. Elections do not express what most people want or need, nor do they provide guidance for politicians (even if they want it) on what policies to enact. In this view, elections are primarily just rituals that perform a symbolic function for society. Still, since most people continue to show faces at the polls at one time or another, what arguments can be made in favor of. voting? One argument is that voting does have significance, if not in individual impact, then in group pressure. Because citizens collectively have the power to give or withhold votes, they directly control the term in office of elected officials. Even if the choice is between Tweedledee and Tweedledum , Tweedledee knows that one must be accountable and this is fixed by law, and that minimally he or she must strive to avoid displeasing the constituents to lose the job. But perhaps political effectiveness and impact in voting are not the only consideration anyway. People do not vote only to influence policy. Millions go to the effort to register and vote for a variety of other reasons as well. Some people may participate just to avoid feeling guilty about not voting. They may have been taught that is their patriotic duty to vote and that they have no right to complain about the outcome if they stay at home. Still others may vote to derive satisfaction from feeling that they are somehow participants, not just spectators, in an exciting electoral contest. Even if their one vote may not be crucial to the outcome, it nevertheless affirms their role in and support for the political process. Indeed, perhaps it is this final need that fuels the desire for full democratic participation among people in many nations of the world.

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