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单选题{{B}}Part B{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Most of us have the same definition of happiness. Happiness is the specific goal that we set for ourselves. However, once we arrive at the goal we set for ourselves, we still feel dissatisfied. We have moved our vision to another one, and we try to chase another one. On one hand, 61) {{U}}our life is enhanced by our dreams and aspirations.{{/U}} On the other hand, our enjoyment of life is pulled further and further by our faraway goals. By learning the lessons of gratitude and abundance, we can get closer to the enjoyment of life. 62) {{U}}Gratitude means being thankful and appreciative of what we have, which fills our heart with the joyful feeling.{{/U}} It helps us to fully appreciate everything around us. We can try the following way to cultivate gratitude. 63) {{U}}It is the best way to imagine what our life would be like if we lost what we had.{{/U}} This way can remind of what we have and help us to appreciate them. Put down what we are grateful for, so that we can be conscious of our blessings. 64) {{U}}Spend time offering assistance to others who are less fortunate than you, so that you may gain perspective.{{/U}} Scarcity is one of the most common human fears. Sometimes we are not satisfied with what they have, striving to get as much as they can. In fact, 65) {{U}}scarcity consciousness arises as a result of the "hole-in-the-soul syndrome", which means that people attempt to fill the gaps in our inner heart with the material things from outside world.{{/U}} It is necessary for us to remind what we have and revel in our interior abundance.

单选题 A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.

单选题Who"s to blame? The trail of responsibility goes beyond poor maintenance of British railways, say industry critics. Stingy governments—both Labor and Tory—have cut down on investments in trains and rails. In the mid-1990s a Conservative government pushed through the sale of the entire subsidy-guzzling rail network. Operating franchises were parceled out among private companies and a separate firm, Railtrack, was awarded ownership of the tracks and stations. In the future, the theory ran back then, the private sector could pay for any improvements—with a little help from the state—and take the blame for any failings. Today surveys show that travelers believe privatization is one of the reasons for the railways"s failures. They ask whether the pursuit of profits is compatible with guaranteeing safety. Worse, splitting the network between companies has made coordination nearly impossible. "The railway was torn apart at privatization and the structure that was put in place was...designed, if we are honest, to maximize the proceeds to the Treasury," said Railtrack boss Gerald Corbett before resigning last month in the wake of the Hatfield crash. Generally, the contrasts with mainland Europe are stark. Over the past few decades the Germans, French and Italians have invested 50 percent more than the British in transportation infrastructure. As a result, a web of high-speed trains now crisscross the Continent, funded by governments willing to commit state funds to major capital projects. Spain is currently planning 1,000 miles of new high-speed track. In France superfast trains already shuttle between all major cities, often on dedicated lines. And in Britain? When the Eurostar trains that link Pads, London and Brussels emerge from the Channel Tunnel onto British soil and join the crowded local network, they must slow down from 186 mph to a maximum of 100 mph—and they usually have to go even slower. For once, the government is listening. After all, commuters are voters, too. In a pre-vote spending spree, the government has committed itself to huge investment in transportation, as well as education and the public health service. Over the next 10 years, the railways should get an extra ￡60 billion, partly through higher subsidies to the private companies. As Blair ackoowledged last month, "Britain has been underinvested in and investment is central to Britain"s future." You don"t have to tell the 3 million passengers who use the railways every day. Last week trains to Darlington were an hour late—and crawling at Locomotion No. 1 speeds.

单选题Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether

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单选题Some other people will join us ______ Tom. A. besides B. except C. beside

单选题 Lacking a cure for AIDS, society must offer education, not only by public pronouncement but in classrooms. Those with AIDS or those at high risk of AIDS suffer prejudice; they are feared by some people who find living itself unsafe, while others conduct themselves with a "bravado" that could be fatal. AIDS has {{U}}afflicted{{/U}} a society already short on humanism, open-handedness and optimism. Attempts to strike it out with the offending microbe are not abetted by pre-existing social ills. Such concerns impelled me to offer the first university level undergraduate AIDS course, with its two important aims. To address the fact the AIDS is caused by a virus, not by moral failure of societal collapse. The proper response to AIDS is compassion coupled with an understanding of the disease itself. We wanted to foster (help the growth of) the idea of a humane society. To describe how {{U}}AIDS tests institutions upon which our society rests{{/U}}. The economy, the political sys- tem, science, the legal establishment, the media and our moral ethical-philosophical attitudes must respond to the disease. Those responses, whispered, or shrieked, easily accepted or highly controversial, must be put in order if the nation is to manage AIDS. Scholars have suggested that how a society deals with the threat of AIDS describes the extent to which that society has the right to call itself civilized. AIDS, then, is woven into the tapestry of modem society; in the course of explaining that tapestry, a teacher realizes that AIDS may bring about changes of historic proportions. Democracy obliges its educational system to prepare students to become informed citizens, to join their voices to the public debate inspired by AIDS. Who shall direct just what resources of manpower and money to the problem of AIDS? Even more basic, who shall formulate a national policy on AIDS? The educational challenge, then, is to enlighten the individual and the societal, or public responses to AIDS.

单选题 Questions 14--16 are based on the following dialogue. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.

单选题 {{I}}Questions 11-14 are based on the following monologue about lottery tickets in North America. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 11-14.{{/I}}

单选题The consumers' first motivation in buying personal computer is to ______.

单选题Man has been storing up useful knowledge about himself and the universe at the rate which has been spiraling upward for 10,000 years. The 1 took a sharp upward leap with the invention of writing, but even 2 it remained painfully slow for several centuries. In Europe the next great leap forward 3 knowledge acquisition did not occur 4 the invention of movable type in the 15th century by Gutenberg and others. 5 to 1,500, by the most optimistic 6 , Europe was producing books at a rate of 1,000 titles per year. This means that it 7 a full century to produce a library of 100,000 titles. By 1950, four and a half 8 later, the rate had accelerated so sharply that Europe was producing 120,000 titles a year. 9 once took a century now took only ten months. By 1960, a 10 decade later, the rate had made another significant jump, 11 a century"s work could be finished in seven and a half months. 12 , by the mid-sixties, the output of books on a world 13 , Europe included, approached the prodigious figure of 900 titles per day. One can 14 argue that every book is a net gain for the advancement of knowledge. Nevertheless we find that the accelerative 15 in book publication does, in fact, crudely 16 the rate at which man discovered new knowledge. For example, prior to Gutenberg 17 11 chemical elements were known. Antimony, the 12th, was discovered 18 about the time he was working on his invention. It was fully 200 years since the 11th, arsenic, had been discovered. 19 the same rate of discovery continued, we would by now have added only two or three additional elements to the periodic table since Gutenberg. 20 , in the 450 years after his time, certain people discovered some seventy additional elements. And since 1900 we have been isolating the remaining elements not at a rate of one every two centuries, but of one every three years.

单选题Hawaii"s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago"s political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposed to the idea. The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii"s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state"s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy. But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii"s first native governor, Joahn Waihee, has given the natives" cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation. However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state -- as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA. , a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives" interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US. But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood. Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.

单选题The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ______.