单选题All the following statements are TRUE except that______.

单选题 Man has been storing up useful knowledge about himself and the universe at the rate which has been spiraling upward for 10,000 years. The{{U}} (21) {{/U}}took a sharp upward leap with the invention of writing, but even{{U}} (22) {{/U}}it remained painfully slow for several centuries. The next great leap forward{{U}} (23) {{/U}}knowledge acquisition did not occur{{U}} (24) {{/U}}the invention of movable type in the 15th century by Gutenberg and others.{{U}} (25) {{/U}}to 1500, by the most optimistic{{U}} (26) {{/U}}Europe was producing books at a rate of 1000 titles per year. This means that it{{U}} (27) {{/U}}a full century to produce a library of 100,000 titles. By 1950, four and a half{{U}} (28) {{/U}}later, the rate had accelerated so sharply that Europe was producing 120,000 titles a year.{{U}} (29) {{/U}}once took a century now took only ten months. By 1960, a {{U}}(30) {{/U}}decade later, the rate had made another significant jump,{{U}} (31) {{/U}}a century's work could be finished in seven and a half months.{{U}} (32) {{/U}}, by the mid-sixties, the output of books on a world {{U}}(33) {{/U}}, Europe included, approached the prodigious figure of 900 titles per day. One can{{U}} (34) {{/U}}argue that every book is a net gain for the advancement of knowledge. Nevertheless we find that the accelerative{{U}} (35) {{/U}}in book publication does, in fact, crudely{{U}} (36) {{/U}}the rate at which man discovered new knowledge. For example, prior to Gutenberg{{U}} (37) {{/U}}11 chemical elements were known. Antimony, the 12th, was discovered{{U}} (38) {{/U}}about the time he was working on his invention. It was fully 200 years since the 11th, arsenic, had been discovered. {{U}}(39) {{/U}}the same rate of discovery continued, we would by now have added only two or three additional elements to the periodic table since Gutenberg.{{U}} (40) {{/U}}, in the 450 years after his time, certain people discovered some seventy additional elements. And since 1900 we have been isolating the remaining elements not at a rate of one every two centuries, but of one every three years.

单选题What is the author's attitude towards the change of English?

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单选题Which of the following is true about wedding vows?

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单选题According to the passage, a typical businessman is usually considered to be ______.

单选题 {{I}} Questions 11--13 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13.{{/I}}

单选题Research in the early 19th century showed______.

单选题The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.

单选题Taking a nap is frowned upon by many people and is viewed as fondness for the elderly and children. Mention nap and you could be seen as lazy, depressed and unwilling to work. However, taking a nap is one of the best but most underused tools for busy people to ease weariness. The majority of people experience drowsiness in the afternoon and notice their work efficiency and mood starting to slip and taking a nap will help combat this. The results of research suggest that taking a nap can make you more alert, reduce stress and improve cognitive function compared to those who working all day without rest. A mid-afternoon nap means that productivity can last long into the night. Researchers at NASA found that a 30- minute full nap increased cognitive function by 40%. The volunteers on the tests found that their memory improved as well as experiencing an increase in concentration. Those who didn't nap would score lower on IQ test than those who did (after a day of work). If you feel tired in the afternoon and from then on can't perform at your best, t recommend taking a short power nap to get yourself feel alert and ready for work. You will notice your mood and alertness to be improved. ! advise keeping the nap between 15 and 30 minutes if you want to avoid getting into deeper stages of sleep. If you do, you'll find it harder to wake and may experience the unstable feeling for a while. For those who are worried about the after-affect of a nap, there is the caffeine nap. A caffeine nap is taken after an intake of caffeine, so that you are asleep while your body digests the caffeine. After a 15 -30 minutes nap, you wake up and have the caffeine in your system. This is great if you need to be instantly on the move after a nap, and you can bounce out of your sleeping state and jump into refreshed Work feeling. Finding 15 -30 minutes to take a nap in a day sometimes seems difficult, but doing so is very helpful to your productivity. Even 10 minutes of a nap every day will be better than nothing at all, and may give you the energy you need to be successful. If you're willing to have a try, make sure you can find a comfortable place before setting your head down. If you can feel secure and let go, then your rest will be even more beneficial.

单选题Crime is a subject on which people have strong opinions. Some believe society creates criminals; others think the prison system is at fault. Others still say it is individuals who are to blame. The truth is that we don't really know what makes people turn to crime, but it seems likely that it is a combination of the above factors, rather than a single cause. There is, however, one thing we can be sure of: when crime falls—something which admittedly doesn't happen very often—every politician around will claim credit for it. President Clinton was the first to do so. During the American Presidential campaign in 1996, he claimed his government was responsible for falling crime rates in the U.S. which had been dropping for five years in a row. "We are making a difference," he declared "our neighborhoods are safer, and we are bringing back the American People's confidence that crime can be reduced." At first sight, one might be tempted to believe him, particularly if one looks at the situation in New York. Here, many neighborhoods which used to be crime-ridden are certainly safer. Last year, fewer than 1000 people were killed in the Big Apple. This is the lowest recorded number since 1968, and less than half the number recorded in 1990, when 2245 died as a result of crime. But while President Clinton was busy claiming credit for reducing crime across the country, New York's Republican mayor, Rudolph Giuliani was quick to point out that his "zero-tolerance" policy was the reason crime rates in New York were falling. "Zero-tolerance" works on the principle that smaller crimes lead to bigger offences. This policy has, according to Mayor Giuliani, sent a message to more serious criminals.

单选题Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education--not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find. "Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual," says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance. "Ravitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, "We will become a second rate country. We will have a less civil society." "Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulizer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: "We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. "Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized - going to school and learning to read - so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, reorder, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise./

单选题It has been a wretched few weeks for America's celebrity bosses. AIG's Maurice Greenberg has been dramatically ousted from the firm through which he dominated global insurance for decades. At Morgan Stanley a mutiny is forcing Philip Purcell, a boss used to getting his own way, into an increasingly desperate campaign to save his skin. At Boeing, Harry Stonecipher was called out of retirement to lead the scandal-hit firm and raise ethical standards, only to commit a lapse of his own, being sacked for sending e-mails to a lover who was also an employee. Carly Fiorina was the most powerful woman in corporate America until a few weeks ago, when Hewlett-Packard (HP) sacked her for poor performance. The fate of Bernie Ebbers is much grimmer. The once high-profile boss of World-Corn could well spend the rest of his life behind bars following his conviction last month on fraud charges. In different ways, each of these examples appears to point to the same, welcome conclusion: that the imbalance in corporate power of the late 1990s, when many bosses were allowed to behave like absolute monarchs, has been corrected. Alas, appearances can be deceptive. While each of these recent tales of chief-executive woe is a sign of progress, none provides much evidence that the crisis in American corporate governance is yet over. In fact, each of these cases is an example of failed, not successful, governance. At the very least, the boards of both Morgan Stanley and HP were far too slow to address their bosses' inadequacies. The record of the Boeing board in picking chiefs prone to ethical lapses is too long to be dismissed as mere bad luck. The fall of Messrs Greenberg and Ebbers, meanwhile, highlights the growing role of government—and, in particular, of criminal prosecutors—in holding bosses to account, a development that is, at best, a mixed blessing. The Sarbanes-Oxley act, passed in haste following the Enron and World-Com scandals, is imposing heavy costs on American companies; whether these are exceeded by any benefits is the subject of fierce debate and may not be known for years. Eliot Spitzer, New York's attorney-general, is the leading advocate and practitioner of an energetic "law enforcement" approach. He may be right that the recent burst of punitive actions has been good for the economy, even if some of his own decisions have been open to question. Where he is undoubtedly right is in arguing that corporate America has done a lamentable job of governing itself. As he says in an article in the Wall Street Journal this week: "The honour code among CEOs didn't work. Board oversight didn't work. Self-regulation was a complete failure. " AIG's board, for example, did nothing about Mr Greenberg's use of murky accounting, or the conflicts posed by his use of offshore vehicles, or his constant bullying of his critics—let alone the firm's alleged participation in bid-rigging—until Mr Spitzer threatened a criminal prosecution that might have destroyed the firm.

单选题Questions 14-16 are based on the following monologue. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.

单选题In Britain, strictly speaking, there are three elements in Parliament—the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Commons is by far the most powerful and important of the three elements in Parliament and the Prime Ministers is the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons. After a general election in Britain, the Crown appoints tile Prime Minister who must be the leader of the party that has won the majority seats in the House of Commons. It is the Prime Minister who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings. He or she actually decides on who will be the other ministers and so on. The work of each minister is always kept under observation by an unofficial "Shadow Cabinet" organized by the Opposition. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. He or she has the duty to report the government"s work to the King or Queen, has the right to direct all the departments, solves the issues between them and approves the decisions of departments, which do not need to be discussed in the Cabinet. He has the last word in deciding government policy. The Prime Minister not only has the power of appointment but also has the right to reorganize the government, speak for the government in the House of Commons on important decisions and answer the questions of the members of the House of Commons. As he or she is the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons, he or she can control parliament and influence other parties. He or she is the most influential person in Great Britain and in recent years, strong Prime Ministers have shown a tendency to make policy decisions on their own, in the style of American Presidents. The Prime Minister works and lives in his or her famous residence, No. 10 Downing Street. h is named after George Downing, a British diplomat in the 17th century and has a history of over two hundred years as the British Prime Minister"s residence. The inside of "No. 10" has been reconstructed to suit its purposes. In it there are the Cabinet meeting hall, the Prime Minister" s office and so on. It is here that the Cabinet meets; the Prime Minister receives foreign guests, meets delegations sometimes and does other work. There is an oil painting gallery in which the portraits of all the Prime Ministers, from Robert Walpole to James Callaghan, are placed.