单选题Now the most important factor for a bank to win in competition seems to be ______.

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单选题Whydoesthespeakersaythatitisn'tafaulttobeshy?A.Nobodywilllaughatyouforbeingshy.B.Shynessisdifficulttoovercome.C.Becausemanypeopledon'tknowhowtobehaveinsocialsituation.D.Becausemostpeopleareshybynature.

单选题Modern athletes' results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ______.

单选题{{I}} You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, or D. After listening, you will have time to choose your answers. You will hear each piece only once.{{/I}} {{I}}Questions 11 -13 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11 -13.{{/I}}

单选题 {{I}}Questions 17-20 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 17-20.{{/I}}

单选题 The Internet raises major issues and challenges for education, not just in China but all over the world. Yet it simply cannot be ignored in terms of the opportunities and resources that it can offer. We can divide the main issues facing education systems into three groups—access, quality and responsibility. Let us consider the Internet in relation to each of them. First, access. Through the Internet, practically the whole world can be brought into your classroom. Using e-mail makes it possible to have a class whose members are spread all over the world and who may never meet either the teacher or each other face to face. It can put students in different countries in easy contact. The information resources available are almost limitless. With the Internet, students and teachers can access the wisdom, experience, skills, and even guidance of others in a way that was only possible for a very privileged few. Next, quality. The Internet does pose serious problems of quality for education systems. Obviously, there is a lot of material on the Internet that no one would want children or students to have uncontrolled access to, but there are other problems which are very difficult to solve. The first is how to handle the sheer quantity of information available, and how to make it manageable. Because anyone can put information on the Internet, and there are no limits on quantity, it can be almost impossible to find exactly the information that one wants. Teachers and students cannot afford to waste time on unsuccessful searching. How can we identify the information which will be most useful without overloading ourselves and our students with unnecessary information? How do we select the best information from all that is available? This raises the issue of responsibility. There are few editors or quality controllers on the Internet. The ultimate responsibility for selection and judgment falls to the user, whether teacher or student. Teachers, and still less students, are not experts in every field; what we select may not be what we really want, perhaps is old, even wrong. Any profession must take some collective responsibility in resolving these problems. Conscious and deliberate efforts have to be made to share information between teachers about useful sites and about the best way to use them. Those who have found something useful or of high quality should not keep the information to themselves, but share it as widely as possible. There are many professional discussion groups active on the Internet which aim to do this. Access to them by teachers should be actively encouraged. This will require investment by institutions in giving easy access to the Internet and email to all teachers. Without this investment, educators—and ultimately students—will be deprived of a vital resource for the development of education in the future.

单选题 Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and already-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

单选题Scholars and students have always been great travellers. The official case for "academic mobility" is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold. Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect. In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge. Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students. In addition, one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries. Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus. But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.

单选题Computers "Will Soon Jump to Our Every Word" It"s late evening in Munich station and you need a bed for the night. The tourist bureau is closed and there"s no phone in sight. So what"s new? Well, there"s still the latest information system to try out. Projected as an image on a wall in the station is a street map of the city and a set of icons. You point to the hotel icon and then circle with your finger the district you want. A more detailed street map, with flashing spots representing the hotels. You point to one of the spots, and a list gives price and availability of rooms. You book by pointing to the telephone icon. A message on the wall tells you that a car is on its way to pick you up. The fantasy could be a reality within a year or two, says Christopher Maggioni, the leader of a German electronics company. His research team at the company"s laboratory in Munich has already built working prototypes (供试验用的样品). They remove the need to master trick procedures on the keyboard, and leave little hardware on show for vandals to wreck. "These are the two great advantages," Mr. Maggioni says. "The systems are also fine for sterile environments and for clearing the office desktop." He sees doctors using gesture recognition systems in hospital operation theatres where unsterilised equipment is banned. In the office, the clutter of telephones, diaries and address books on a desk could be a thing of the past. When you wanted to make a call, the image of a keypad could be projected on to the pile of papers beside you and you would move your fingers over the numbers as you do with a real telephone. Speakers and a microphone would be buried in the furnishings. For around $5,500 the system is also fairly cheap. It consists of a standard video camera and projector, and a computer. For decades, researchers in the US, Japan and Europe have been looking at ways of getting rid of the keyboard and of using gestures, voice and even eye movements to simplify the manner in which humans communicate with computers. A number of companies claim to have built working prototypes of a computer system that recognises head movements. This could be an important advance in the development of 3D television. Researchers now say that they can generate two images from a single screen and use a video camera to track the head to ensure that each image goes to the correct eye. For Mr. Maggioni, the next big advance will be computers controlled by a combination of gestures and speech. Over the next few months, the company is due to launch a computer for the medical profession that will let doctors input data by talking to the machine, he says.

单选题What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot be gained from society's present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer's epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies. Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these, But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In his study of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modem man, "tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for". There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose. Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as ate found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory. But this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth--a vision--about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness --in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.

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单选题The ancient people believed that ______.