单选题Questions 14 to 16 are based on an introduction to a video "phone. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 to 16.

单选题 Jan Hendrik Schon's success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-anthored 90 scientific papers--one every 16 days--detailing new discoveries in superconductivity, lasers, nanotechnology and quantum physics. This output astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate papers--which also happened to appear in the two separate papers--which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Nature--the jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data. His career as a scientist was finished. If it sounds a lot like the fall of Hwang Woo Suk--the South Korean researcher who fabricated his evidence about cloning human cells--it is. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of hubris and comeuppance. Afterwards, colleagues wring their hands and wonder how such malfeasance can be avoided in the future. But it never is entirely. Science is built on the honor system; the method of peer-review, in which manuscripts are evaluated by experts in the field, is not meant to catch cheats. In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals that much more crucial to career success. The questions raised anew by Hwang's fall are whether Nature and Science reaches the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers. Scientists are also trying to reach other scientists through Science and Nature, not just the public. Being often-cited will increase a scientist's "Impact Factor", a measure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the Impact Factor as a rough measure of the influence of scientists they're considering supporting. It also no doubt reflects the increasing and sometimes excessive emphasis amongst funding agencies and governments on publication measures, such as the typical rates of citation of journals. Whether the clamor to appear in these journals has any bearing on their ability to catch fraud is another matter. The fact is, fraud is terrifically hard to spot. The panel found that Hwang had fabricated all of the evidence for research that claimed to have cloned human cells, but that he had successfully cloned the dog Snuppy. After this, Science sent the paper to three stem-cell experts, who had a week to look it over. Their comments were favorable. How were they to know that the data was fraudulent? With the financial and deadline pressures of the publishing industry, it's unlikely that the journals are going to take markedly stronger measures to vet manuscripts. Beyond replicating the experiments themselves, which would be impractical, it's difficult to see what they could do to take science beyond the honor system.

单选题Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to refer to things or processes which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in expression. Such special dialects, or jargon, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other occupations, such as farming and fishing, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, and philosophy have also become pretty familiar to cultivated person, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet, every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political sciences and in the mechanic arts. Hence new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a closed guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, and the cleric associates freely with his fellow creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called popular science makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent-discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus, our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.

单选题ArafatvisitedChina______.A.toattendannualpolicy-settingmeetingB.totalkaboutdiplomaticrelationshipwithChinaC.totalkwithPresidentJiangabouttheappropriatetimetodeclarestatehoodD.topersuadeChinatosupportthemindeclaringstatehood

单选题WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthenewsheadline?A.Newtrafficrates.B.Afireatadowntownrestaurant.C.Awelcomeendtothecityworkers'strike.D.Afinalscoreonabasketballgame.

单选题Whatisthestudentinterestedinexactly?A.Japaneseart.B.Chineseart.C.InfluenceofChineseartonJapaneseart.D.InteractionsofChineseandJapanesearts.

单选题According to the author, a number of Birmingham City football fans ______.

单选题Whatdoesthemanthinkofthegovernment'spresentproposalaboutbuildingmorepowerstationsinthecountry?A.It'sadangerousproposal.B.It'sastupidproposal.C.It'sanadvantageousproposal.D.It'saviableproposal.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} People in the United States are becoming more and more aware of the influence of the automobile on their lives. The automobile has an influence on social life, on the economy, and on the environment. It is particularly its influence on the environment that people are increasingly worrying about. It has become obvious that the automobile contributes to air and noise pollution, traffic congestion, urban decay, and suburban sprawl, and that it has kept mass transit systems from developing. People are not so aware, however, of the relation between the automobile and energy problems. In the past few years the country has had energy problems such as brownouts and blackouts, fuel shortages, rising fuel prices, and bad effects on the environment caused by producing energy and converting it from one form to another. These energy problems are in fact closely related to the automobile. An enormous amount of energy, supplied mainly by petroleum, is required by the automobile. In fact, the automobile is responsible for 25 percent of the total energy consumption in the United States. Gasoline is only part of the energy required. It also take energy to manufacture the automobile in the first place. Then it must be transported to dealers who advertise and sell it, all of which takes energy. Energy is also required to make replacement parts for automobile repair. Once the car is on the road, energy still must go into producing gasoline for it. Oil fields must be discovered. Oil must be pumped to the surface and refined. And think of the energy required annually to build and maintain highways and roads. All together the energy requirements of a car are about 50 percent for gasoline and 50 percent for all these other needs that we have just mentioned. The question is, what can we do about all this? What can we do to lower this figure, to conserve energy resources so as to reduce air pollution and help solve both our energy and automobile problems? The most important thing we can do is to promote changes in passenger transportation. Bicycles are 22 times as energy-efficient as cars, walking 18 times, buses almost 4 times, and railroads 2.5 times. Only airplanes are less energy-efficient than cars. If we promote such changes, we won't only conserve energy. We will also reduce the crowding and noise in the cities and we can use land for parks instead of for parking lots. It will take time for such changes to come about. Fortunately the sale of bicycles is increasing. And one thing we can do immediately is to increase the energy-efficiency of cars by using smaller cars and carrying more passengers. These changes that have just been suggested will require other changes in our society too, which some people may resist. It will not be easy to make these changes. But consider the alternatives.

单选题Choose the best answer.

单选题 Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following talk about the biggest movie event, Oscars. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.{{/B}}

单选题The first date failed because______.

单选题For the past 25 years, doctors in the U. S. have warned their patients about the dangers of high blood pressure, a generally symptomless condition that increases the risk of heart disease, kidney failure and stroke. By aggressively treating folks whose readings exceed the normal limit of 140/90 mm Hg at rest, physicians have prevented millions of premature deaths and untold suffering. But it looks as if we've stopped getting the message. A national health survey released two years ago showed that blood-pressure rates are no longer falling, at the same time, the incidence of stroke has started to rise. The biggest increases have been among black, Hispanic and poor Americans. But they're not alone. A report in the September issue of Hypertension shows that blood-pressure readings among the largely white residents of affluent neighborhoods in Minnesota are 5% higher than they were just 10 years ago. And as those figures have risen, the number of people with hypertension who are aware of their condition has fallen. There are probably several reasons why blood-pressure rates are going up and awareness is going down. An ironic possibility is that we've spent so much time obsessing about cholesterol levels that we've forgotten about blood pressure. That's kind of like throwing baking soda on a grease fire in the kitchen but forgetting to turn off the burner. Under normal circumstances, blood vessels in your body will last about 100 years. The extra wear and tear from high blood pressurs makes them brittle before their time. Then cholesterol deposits start to build up over the damaged sections, restricting blood flow even more. The bottom line: high blood pressure can be every bit as lethal as high cholesterol. Many men and women with high blood pressure require one of more prescription drugs to get it under control. If you experience an unpleasant side effect, like mild depression, don't suffer in silence. There are dozens of different blood-pressure medications. Ask your doctor about switching to another drug. Eating right and getting plenty of exercise can decrease your need for medication or even eliminate it. In 1997 a study called Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension showed for the first time that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, includes low-fat dairy products and keeps the lid on saturated fat can lower blood pressure dramaticaly. It might take you a while to get used to eating the required 8 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables a day, which is twice what most Americans consume, but your efforts are. likely to be rewarded. Among members of the multiethnic study group, diastolic pressure(the bottom number) dropped an average of 6%. If you're overweight, you'll need to slim Jown--even 4.5 kg can make a difference. And be sure to avoid over-the-counter cold remedies like Sudafed and Actifed as well as herbal preparations like St. John's wort and ginseng, which can boost your blood pressure. Of course, none of these lifestyle changes are substitutes for having your blood pressure regularly checked and getting it treated if necessary. As always, staying healthy means keeping track of lots of things and being willing to turn to your doctor for a little help.

单选题Helen thought Steve might not be content of Stretton because ______.

单选题______ is a branch of linguistics that studies bow words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences. A. Semantics B. Pragmatics C. Syntax D. Morphology

单选题According to Jack Maple, to cut crime

单选题That the speakers try to convey conversational implicatures and hearers are able to understand them is called ______ of implicature.[A] canccllability [B] calculability[C] non-detachability [D] non-conventionality

单选题When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn"t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn"t cutting, tilling or polishing as many nails as she"d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $ 50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. "I"m a good economic indicator, " she says, "I provide a service that people can do without when they"re concerned about saving some dollars. " So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard"s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. "I don"t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too. " she says. Even before Alan Greenspan"s admission that America"s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year"s pace. But don"t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy"s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say they"re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. In Manhattan, "there"s a new gold rush happening in the $ 4 million to $ 10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses, " says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. "Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three, " says John Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential homebuyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn"t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan"s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.

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