单选题For the middlemen，which of the following is NOT true?

单选题Computer microchips could become smaller, faster and cheaper, thanks to scientists in the United States who have developed a speedier method of printing minuscule patterns on silicon chips. The discovery, by Stephen Chou and fellow scientists at Princeton University in New Jersey, could allow electronics manufacturers to increase the density of transistors on silicon chips by 100- fold and streamline production at the same time. Instead of taking 10 or 20 minutes to make a computer chip, the electrical engineers have imprinted features measuring I0 nanometers, or 10 millionths of a millimeter, on a computer chip in a quarter of a millionth of a second. The achievement, which could pave the way for more powerful computers and memory chips, is reported in the science journal Nature. "You just imprint the pattern directly into the silicon. You not only reduce the steps, you can do it in nanoseconds," Chou said in a statement. Silicon chips are minute slices of semiconducting material made to carry out functions in everything from toasters and mobile phones to giant corporate computers. Scientists had been looking for a replacement for silicon because they thought it would be impossible to improve the silicon chip, which would limit advancements in chip size and speed. Chou has done away with etching, the normal way to make small patterns in silicon, and pressed a mould against a piece of silicon and applied a laser pulse for just 20 billionths of a second. It melts and resolidifies around mould. "Here we do not need to use all those steps," Chou said. "Scientifically, people are still trying to understand how it works, because it is amazing that it works at all." He calls the method Laser-Assisted Direct Imprint or LADI. Princeton University is applying for a patent on the technique. In a commentary on the research in Nature, Fabian Pease, of Stanford University, said the achievement will allow electronics manufacturers to continue the pace of miniaturization and keep Moore"s laws on track. Moore"s Law, observed by Intel Corp, co-founder Gordon Moore in 196.5, posits that the number of transistors on a semiconductor doubles roughly every 18 months. "A new imprinting technology for the production of silicon chips, introduced by Chou et al, could keep us on track," Pease said, adding that the law could hold for possibly another two decades.

单选题As industrialisation came to define Western life in the 19th century, industry employed photography to portray its successes and strengths. For example, in 1857 British photographer Robert Howlett took pictures of the British steamship Great Eastern, the largest vessel of its day, and of its designer and engineer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel. He depicted both ship and man as heroic exemplars of the age. In addition to recording the construction of railroads, ships, buildings, and bridges, photography proved useful to medicine and the fledgling social sciences, such as ethnology, psychology, and sociology. Doctors wanted before-and-after pictures of wounded Civil War soldiers to study the effects of surgery. Psychologists studied photographs of mental patients in an attempt to visually discern their disorders. Fields as dissimilar as biology and astronomy demanded whole catalogues of new photographs to record and classify a rapidly expanding body of knowledge. American photographer Edward S. Curtis produced a 20-volume ethnographic survey of the native peoples of North America. Like much early scientific photography, Curtis's work suffered from his own cultural biases in this case, an overly romantic view of how Native Americans should look. He supplied his subjects with props and costumes that were not always authentic, and his photographs are no longer considered accurate as documentation. The development of faster cameras n the 1870s spurred scientists and others to use photography in the systematic study of human and animal movement. In 1878 Muybridge used a series of photographs of a galloping horse to demonstrate to an amazed world that the animal lifts all four feet off the ground at once. His work inspired Philadelphia painter Thomas Eakins to take up the camera so he could more accurately depict motion in his paintings. French physiologist Etienne-Jules Marey also followed Muybridge's example and devised a special camera to record sequential photographs on a single plate. Marey used this method to develop insights into the flight of birds, human movement, and the workings of the human eye. His experiments helped prepare the way for airplane flight, motion pictures, and modern athletic training. In the last quarter of the 19th century the camera helped record the plight of the dispossessed, displaced, and overlooked. One of the earliest attempts to document urban poverty was made by Scottish photographer Thomas Annan, who aimed his camera at the empty, unsanitary alleyways of Glasgow in 1868. City officials commissioned Annan's documentation to justify replacement of Glasgow's unsavory slums with new development. John Thomson went a step further with candid photographs of poor people themselves, published in a series called Street Life in London (1877). In the United States, Danish-born journalist Jacob Riis saw the virtue of photographs as well as words in his campaign to improve the lot of poor city dwellers in New York City. He first hired photographers to accompany him into the slums, and later began taking pictures himself. Riis illuminated dark, airless interiors with bright bursts of light that he produced by igniting magnesium flash powder. He showed the pictures at public lectures and later published them in a book entitled How the Other Half Lives (1890). Riis's tireless advocacy helped bring about better conditions for some slum dwellers, and initiated the use of photography as a powerful tool in the fight against poverty.

单选题Daffodils bloom and chocolate eggs melt as the long Easter weekend draws near. Alongside such pleasures is another, equally seasonal: the annual outpouring from the teaching unions" conferences, whose massed pedagogues can always be relied on to provide a few news stories to delight the headline writers. Guaranteed are lamentations about parents and pupils, both inferior to those of yesteryear in various, not always consistent, ways. Fairly standard attempts to blame the raw materials rather than inadequate workmen, but these moans are given a ready hearing because they confirm the fears of many readers (and not a few editors) that the nation"s moral fibre is in shreds. Also lapped up are the crazy conference motions, such as the proposal in 2007 for a curriculum based on fancy "skills" rather than fusty "knowledge". Union activists in most walks of life are well to the left of those they represent, and teaching-union loyalists are no exception. But such stories resonate because they fit the widespread stereotype of teachers as sandal-wearing, Guardian-reading lefties. It is one that has little evidence to back it up. The Cuardian is indeed the profession"s favourite newspaper, but not by miles. And teachers, tendency to vote Labour is of recent origin, and may not last. In the run-up to the 1979 election that brought Margaret Thatcher to victory, most teachers told pollsters they intended to vote Conservative. When in 1987 they defected, disillusioned by low spending on schools, they turned first to the Liberal-Social Democratic Party Alliance, the third party, before coming round to the charms of Tony Blair. In 1997, fifty-nine percent intended to vote Labour, nearly four times more than fancied the Tories. But fewer have voted Labour in each subsequent election. In 2008, the Times Education Supplement found overwhelming disapproval among teachers of Labour"s school policies and a shift in voting intentions. Teaching is in some ways a natural job for the conservatively inclined. Like the police, teachers see too much of human nature to remain starry-eyed. And even the dogged idealists privately admit that traditional right-wing policies, such as physical punishment and academic selection, would make their jobs easier. But teachers" politics are also shaped by those who train them and by the nature of the work. Both are changing. While teachers were voting Tory in 1979, education academics were intoxicated with child-centred education and discovery learning, and were turning out new teachers in that mould. The academics are still pretty left-leaning, but nearly a quarter of new teachers now train in schools rather than universities, up from a handful ten years ago. All are coming to grips with a very different profession: one shaped by a national curriculum with tests and targets.

单选题Some scientists believe that global warming could

单选题In the last sentence of the last paragraph the word "cynic"is closest in meaning to

单选题Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion -- a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear., people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society' s economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning ＄10 million would be no more pleasant than earning ＄10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zeros because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us -- hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful, We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad", and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life -- from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in an antisocial acts.

单选题If the US government raises its tariffs, then______ .

单选题Cultural globalization, for many, means Westernization or Americanization. An important distinction concerning today"s cultural globalization is that it is largely driven by corporations, rather than countries. As such, one of the central concerns is the spread of consumer culture. For many critics, non-Western culture and practices are at risk of being overwhelmed by homogenizing "McDonaldization". Skeptics contend that the erosion of culture has been overstated. They point to evidence that local culture remains strong. Cultural interactions have taken place for centuries so to argue non-Western cultural are somehow pure is naive. In a sense, the cultural degradation argument dismisses the ability of non-Western people to control their destiny and incorporate those attributes they may find useful. What is more, some argue that national identities are founded on real differences that have continued salience. Other skeptics point to the growth of ethnic and nationalist movements in the post-Cold War world as evidence that these sources of identity remain strong. Intense interaction may make people more cognizant of difference and lead to conflict. Information technology may, in fact, intensify traditional identities. Cultural globalization involves processes of unequal power, which brings traditions and identities into question. Where ethnic and religious groups feel threatened by globalization, there is the potential for conflict. Migration is a significant aspect of globalization that has not only economic but also social and cultural effects. While migration is not unique to the present age, communication and transportation technologies allow migrants a greater opportunity to maintain links with their homelands. More porous borders raise questions about notions of citizenship and identity. While challenges to national identity may come from supranational entities such as the European Union, globalization at the same time may facilitate the triggering of more local, particularistic identities. There is some disagreement on where this is all going and whether globalization could coma to an end. Clearly the openness and interconnectedness that emerged in the late 1800s was not permanent. The 1930s saw the major powers carving out spheres of influence and blocking out others. From a broader historical perspective, however, that may have been a hiccup. Whereas before the end of the American Civil War it took months to go by ship from one coast of the US to the other. The transcontinental railroad cut the trip to a week by 1870 and today it is a matter of a few hours by plane. There was some discussion after 9.11 whether the need for security would bring an end to tile era of globalization. In some areas, such as educational exchanges, there has been an impact. Overall, however, the flow of goods, people, and messages of peace and war continue unabated some five years later. In many respects, therefore, globalization is not going away. The challenge for humanity, then, is to direct these forces in peaceful and beneficial ways.

单选题WhereisDr.Tayloremployednow?A．AtIllinoisUniversity.B．Atajournalforarchitects.C．AttheTwinTowersofficebuilding.D．AttheDepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment.

单选题 You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording {{B}}ONLY ONCE.{{/B}} {{B}}Questions 11 ～ 13 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 ～ 13.{{/B}}

单选题{{I}} Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following talk on wireless communications. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.{{/I}}

单选题What is Professor Thring's invention?

单选题 Questions 14—16 are based on the following talk.

单选题Questions 11～13 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11～13.

单选题 Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following telephone conversation. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 to 20.

单选题{{I}} You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one. You will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answer. You will hear each piece once only.{{/I}}

单选题According to Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, which of the following is NOT true? A. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around. B. Language filters people's perception and the way they categorize experiences. C. Language patterns determine or influence people's thinking and behaviour. D. Language structure people habitually use shows no influence on people's behaviour.

单选题The word "foremost" most probably means______.

单选题According to this passage, under the WTO,