单选题 Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following talk about how to make friends. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.

单选题What did Cosgrove do before he became a teacher teaching history?

单选题Whatarethetwospeakersdiscussing?A.Newtechnologyforplantandanimalbreeding.B.Greatconcernforsuper-breeds.C.Desirablecharacteristicsofnewplantsandanimals.D.Advantagesoftraditionalbreedingapproaches.

单选题Whydoesthecallerneedtheliterature?

单选题"The headmaster wants you in his office." The 21 boy to whom a friend says one of these things gets to 22 about and suddenly everyone around 23 and shouts, "April Fool!" 24 this is April 1, or All fools" Day. In Britain and in some other countries, it is 25 to play tricks on people on that day. Children are 26 to play harmless jokes on their friends until twelve o"clock at night. Usually they 27 to trick other children (child的复数形式) into 28 foolish things. It is not only children 29 like such jokes. Grown-ups also enjoy tricking others. Even newspapers and radios 30 try to fool the 31 with a clever April Fools" story (故事，新闻报道). Some time ago, for example, a very 32 BBC TV program did a ten-minute 33 about spaghetti (实心面条) trees in Italy (意大利). The reporter (记者) said that 34 the recent bad weather, trees weren"t 35 as much spaghetti as they 36 did. He said the 37 of spaghetti would 38 . A lot of TV viewers who didn"t know what spaghetti is made of actually 39 the story. Some housewives hurried to buy 40 food that was going to become in short supply.

单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} Leaving the region's economic woes behind, more young Asians than ever are going to America to get their MBAs. Fortune ranks the 25 schools that do the best job of training Asia's future managers. Those that made our list not only have number one academics but also offer scholastic, career, and cultural supports that meet the needs of Asian students. This explains why many of our top schools are in California, which has closer links with Asia, through immigration and economics, than any other states. Most of' the Fortune 25 have established reputations in Asia and have developed formal links with Asian institutions. Today 260,000 Asians — defined as citizens from China, Japan, Korea, and the nations of the subcontinent and Southeast Asia — are getting graduate degrees in the U.S. Of these, 16% are enrolled in business. The rewards for graduating MBAs are substantial, with American multinationals offering the best positions. MBAs graduating from top American schools can look forward to $ 75,000 stalling salaries, up to $ 20,000 in signing bonuses, plenty of extra money — and interesting work. The market for the skills of Asian MBAs is expanding. Despite Asia' s economic turmoil, Western firms continue to come into the region. They are desperate to hire people with managerial talent and knowledge of local culture. For example, McKinsey & Co., which is the most sought-after employer among business students, hired 834 MBAs. in 1997, up from 515 in 1993 — a 61% increase. But the growth in the number hired to work in its Asian offices in 1998 is even more staggering — up more than 100% from 487 in 1993. B-schools, as businesses in their own right, have also adapted to the demands of their customers. They have revised their curriculums, adding more international course material, and introduced compulsory core courses on global management. They have made it easier for non-American companies to recruit their students. Asian students are impossible to categorize, but as a group there are a few notable points about them. One characteristic: Most say they want to bring their skills back home eventually. Another characteristic is that Asian MBA students are markedly entrepreneurial. Half of them would like to start their own businesses within ten years of graduation, compared with 33% of the general MBA population. And Asian students tend to be well off. There is limited financial aid available to foreign students, who therefore must pay in full — more than $ 25,000 a year in some cases.

单选题According to the passage, people in Japan believe that a child is born______.

单选题Questions 14～16 are based on the opening speech of the Chairman of the final session in an international conference and a statement made by Dr. Martin. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14～16.

单选题Guam is no longer a quiet island backwater. Only in the last 10 years has this Micronesian island of 540 square kilometers been transformed into a burgeoning tourist Mecca. The oxcart tracks of old have become six-lane highway connecting the high-rise hotels and beach bars with the duty-free shops and downtown nightclubs of Tumon. Guam's "big blue", one of the most popular dive sites, beckons many recreational divers. It offers prime conditions for spotting some of the 400 varieties of coral and 900 species of fish that inhabit the surrounding reef system. 32 kilometers south of Agana lies the village of Utamad, where Ferdinand Magellan reputedly landed on March 6, 1521. The legacy of more than 300 years of Spanish rule is still visible around its small cove, which was once a port of call for the treasure-laden galleons plying routes between Mexico and the Philippines. The trip ends in Plaza de Espana. As you wander its wide lawns or bicycling along the sidewalks in the late afternoon, it is easy to imagine the wives of Spanish governors serving hot chocolate to their guests on the terrace of the aptly-named Chocolate House. Less imposing, though just as defiant against the sun and humidity, are the remains of the Casa Gobierno, the Governor's Palace, which stand beneath a vast banyan tree. It is, as the taxi drivers readily concede, the perfect place to escape the sun, drink iced tea and reflect on the turbulent history of the island. Where to Stay The Hyatt Regency Hotel (671 647 - 1234) is on the beachfront in Tumon. Facilities include three swimming pools, tennis courts, Italian and Japanese restaurants, a poolside bar and day-tour operators. Ratcs are $ 270 / $ 290 for superior, single or double, $ 290 / $ 310 for deluxe. Guan Garden Villa (477- 8166) in Ordot Village (central Guam) is a family-rnn B the fare is $ 1, and a day pass costs $ 3. Private shuttle buses run between Tumon' s major hotels, K-mart and Micronesia Mall; fares up to $ 4. Car rental is recommended for extended sightseeing. Budget (646 - 0366) offers deal of $ 35 to $ 40 a day with unlimited mileage. Climate Tropical, 20°to 35℃. Guam's wet season lasts from July to November. Typhoons are common during this time. Tourist Information Visitors Bureau is at 401 Pale San Vitores Road, Tumon; Tel: (671)646- 5278/9, fax: (671)646- 8861.

单选题Letter-writing goes back thousands of years but heated up during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Historically(perhaps now)letters were indicators of status and breeding. Like conversation, they were used to manipulate, embellish, entertain, threaten, seduce and of course do business. On the way home from discovering America, Christopher Columbus got caught in a storm and his mind turned—as a good bourgeois parent—to his two sons. Who would pay their school fees if he came to a watery end? He picked up a quill and documented his accomplishments on the voyage for his Spanish patrons, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, rolled up the letter in a wooden Madeira cask and threw it into the sea. This was not so much for posterity but rather what University of York professor William H. Sherman has called "a father's desperate petition for the future support of his children." The 18th century was strong on the epistolary book, which made authors' quarrels especially amusing. Tobias Smollett wrote Travels Through France is this the fruit of your Promises and Vows ... how comes it then to pass, that you forsake me, ruine my Reputation, and leave me to become the Map of Shame and Ignominy ..." I long to use the Map of Shame bit but I suspect it was as unhelpful then as boiling bunnies is now. A Vanderbilt University study says children taught cursive writing learn and express themselves better. If so, I have a few suggestions for our educators; How about letters "On Reprimanding a Person of Difference Without Incurring Hate Charges", or "An Ailing Citizen to His Callous Minister of Health." The possibilities are, sadly, limitless.

单选题Throughout history there have been many unusual taxes levied on such things as hats, beds, baths, marriages, and funerals. At one time England levied a tax on sunlight by collection from every household with six or more windows. And according to legend, there was a Turkish ruler who collected a tax each time he dined with one of his subjects. Why? To pay for the wear and tear on his teeth! Different kinds of taxes help to spread the tax burden. Anyone who pays a tax is said to "bear the burden" of the tax. The burden of a tax may fall more heavily on some persons than on others. That is why the three levels of government in this country use several kinds of taxes. This spreads the burden of taxes among more people. From the standpoint of their use, the most important taxes are income ta- xes, property taxes, sales taxes, and estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Some are used by only one level of government;others by or even all three levels. Together these different taxes make up what is called our tax system. Income taxes are the main source of federal revenues. The federal government gets more than three-fourths of its revenue from income taxes. As its name indicated, an income tax is a tax on earnings. Both individuals and business corporations pay a federal income tax. The oldest tax in the United States today is the property tax. It provides most of the income for local governments. It provides at least a part of the income for all but a few states. It is not used by the federal government. A sales tax is a tax levied on purchases. Most people living in the United States know about sales taxes since they are used in all but four states. Actually there are several kinds of sales taxes, but only three of them are important. They are general sales taxes, excise taxes, and import taxes. Other three closely related taxes are estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Everything a person owns, including both real and personal property, makes up his or her estate. When someone dies, ownership of his or her property or estate passes on to one or more individuals or organizations. Before the prop- erty is transferred,however,it is subject to an estate tax if its value exceeds a certain amount.

单选题 　　Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to make ways of sha- ring the available employment more widely.　　But we need to go further. We must ask some primary questions about the future of work. Would we continue to treat employment as the norm? Would we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for our- selves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office,as centers of production and work?　　The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But,in fact, it could provide the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.　　Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transportation improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the place in which they lived.　　Meanwhile,employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial time, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to be paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.　　It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded--a problem now, as more teenagers become frustra- ted at school and more retired people want to live active lives.　　All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.

单选题Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modem society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are, also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.

单选题Youthful expectations of marriage can be described as

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A ,B , C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} In a three-month period last year, two Brooklynites had to be cut out of their apartments and carded to hospital on stretchers designed for transporting small whales. The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance(NAAFA) argues that it was not their combined 900kg bulk that made them ill. Obesity, according to NAAFA, is not bad for you. And, even if it was, there is nothing to be done about it, because genes dictate weight. Attempting to eat less merely slows metabolism, having people as chubby as ever. This is the fatlash movement that causes America's slimming industry so much pain. In his book Bin Fat Lies (Ballantine, 1996), Glenn Gaesser says that no study yet has convincingly shown that weight is an independent cause of health problems. Fatness does not kill people; things like hypertension, coronary heart diseases and cancer do. Michael Fumento, author of The Fat of the Land ( Viking, 1997 ), an anti-fatlash diatribe, compares Dr Gaesser's logic with saying that the guillotine did not kill Louis XVI: Rather, it was the severing of his vertebrae, the cutting of all the blood vessels in his neck, and... the trauma caused by his head dropping several feet into a wicker basket. Being fat kills in several ways. It makes people far more likely to suffer from heart disease or high blood pressure. Even moderate obesity increases the chance of contracting diabetes. Being 40% overweight makes people 30%～50% more likely to die of cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. Extreme fatness makes patients so much less likely to survive surgery that many doctors refuse to operate until they slim. The idea that being overweight is caused by obesity genes is not wholly false: researchers have found a number of genes that appear to make some people bum off energy at a slower rate. But genes are not destiny. The difference between someone with a genetic predisposition to gain weight and someone without appears to be roughly 40 calories-or a spoonful of mayonnaise—a day. An alternative fatlash argument, advanced in books such as Dean Onrush's Eat More, Weight Less (Harper Collies, 1993) and Date Atrens's Don't Diet ( William Morrow, 1978), is that fatness is not a matter of eating too much. They note that as Americans' weight has ballooned over the last few decades, their reported caloric intake has plunged. This simply explains people's own recollection of how much they eat is extremely unreliable. And as they grow fatter, people feel guilty and are more likely to fib about how much they eat. All reputable studies show that eating less and exercising reduce weight. Certainly, the body' s metabolism slows a little when you lose weight, because it takes less energy to carry less bulk around, and because dieting can make the body fear it is about to starve. But a sensible low-fat diet makes weight loss possible. The fatlash movement is dangerous, because slimmers will often find any excuse to give up. To tell people that it is healthy to be obese is to encourage them to live sick and die young.

单选题 {{B}}Questions 17 ～ 20 are based on the following talk. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 ～ 20.{{/B}}

单选题Questions 14 to 16 are based on a talk about campus life. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 to 16.

单选题The simple act of surrendering a telephone number to a store clerk may not seem harmful—so much so that many consumers do it with no questions asked. Yet that one action can set in motion a cascade of silent events, as that data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored and sold over and over again. Future attacks on your privacy may come from anywhere, from anyone with money to purchase that phone number you surrendered. If you doubt the multiplier effect, consider your e-mail inbox. If it's loaded with spam, it's undoubtedly because at some point you unknowingly surrendered your e-mail to the wrong website. Do you think your telephone number or address is handled differently? A cottage industry of small companies with names you've probably never heard of—like Acxiom or Merlin—buy and sell your personal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle futures are bartered. You may think your ceil phone is unlisted, but if you've ever ordered a pizza, it might not be. Merlin is one of many commercial data brokers that advertises sale of unlisted phone numbers compiled from various sources—including pizza delivery companies. These unintended, unpredictable consequences that flow from simple actions make privacy issues difficult to grasp, and grapple with. In a larger sense, privacy also is often cast as a tale of "Big Brother" —the government is watching you or an big corporation is watching you. But privacy issues don't necessarily involve large faceless institutions.. A spouse takes a casual glance at her husband's Blackberry, a co-worker looks at e-mail over your shoulder or a friend glances at a cell phone text message from the next seat on the bus. While very little of this is new to anyone—people are now well aware there are video cameras and Internet cookies everywhere— there is abundant evidence that people live their lives ignorant of the monitoring, assuming a mythical level of privacy. People write e-mails and type instant messages they never expect anyone to see. Just ask Mark Foley or even Bill Gates, whose e-mails were a cornerstone of the Justice Department's antitrust case against Microsoft. And polls and studies have repeatedly shown that Americans are indifferent to privacy concerns. The general defense for such indifference is summed up as a single phrase. "I have nothing to hide. " If you have nothing to hide, why shouldn't the government be able to peek at your phone records, your wife see your e-mail or a company send you junk mail? It's a powerful argument, one that privacy advocates spend considerable time discussing and strategizing over. It is hard to deny, however, that people behave different when they're being watched. And it is also impossible to deny that Americans are now being watched more than at any time in history.

单选题The word "allegiance" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.