问答题Directions: It is said that China is one of the countries where pirated products flourish. The government has taken measures to prevent such phenomenon while it's hard to totally stop it. Write an article to clarify your own ideas this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to support your argument. You should write to less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题You read an article in which the author says, "I would like to propose that for sixty to ninety minutes each evening right after the early evening news, all television broadcasting in the whole country be prohibited by law. " Write an article to express your opinions on this proposal. You should write no less than 250 words.

问答题You have read an article in a magazine which states that " With the development of technology, people can do many things independently. So interpersonal relationship is no longer important now ." Write an article to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument. You should write no less than 250 words.

问答题Hometown Where are you from? How long have you lived there? How does your hometown compare with... (place where the candidate is currently living)? Family What about your family? Could you tell us something about your family? Work/study What do you do in... (the candidate's hometown), do you work or study? (If the candidate is already working) What does your work involve7 Is your job something you had always wanted to do? How long do you think you will stay in this job? (If the candidate is still at school, college or university) What are your favorite subjects at school? What exactly are you studying? What type of work are you hoping to do in the future? What qualifications will you need to achieve that?

问答题{{I}}You have read an article in a newspaper which states, "Some people consider overpopulation as China's most urgent problem. It hinders its development. Others don't think so. They believe the bigger population is, the more efficiently things could be done." Write an article for the newspaper to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument and include an example. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on {{B}}ANSWER SHEET 2{{/B}}.{{/I}}

问答题diet lifestyle stress mental attitude towards life pollution

问答题You are expected to write at least 250 words about the following topic. Valentine"s day, originally a Western holiday, now is widely celebrated in China. Young people also celebrate Chinese Valentine"s day on July 7, the lunar calendar. How do you comment on this phenomenon?

问答题Self-introduction (This task will take about 2 minutes.) Interlocutor: Good morning (afternoon/evening). Could I have your mark sheets please? Thank you (Hand over the mark sheets to the Assessor) My name is... and this is my colleague... He/She is not going to ask you any questions, but he/she is just going to be listening to us. So, your name is... and...? Thank you. First of all we'd like to know something about you, so I'm going to ask you some questions about yourselves. (Begin with Candidate A, then move on to Candidate B) Now... (Say the name of the Candidate A and ask questions.)

问答题{{I}}Forthispart,youareallowed40minutestowriteacompositiononJobProblemsforGraduates.Studythefollowingchartscarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthecharts.Writeto:(1)statethechangesincollegegraduates'choicesofcareers;(2)givepossiblereasonsforthechanges;(3)proposesomesolutionstotheproblems.Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.{{/I}}

问答题You have read an article in the local newspaper on the problem of whether it is necessary for students to learn history . Write an article for the newspaper to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument. You should write no less than 250 words.

问答题结构要点感谢信是就某事向收信人表示感谢的信件，分为三个部分： 1. 指出对方帮助自己的事情，表示感谢； 2. 展开叙述这件事； 3. 再次感谢，并可表示希望回报对方。 Suppose you were taken good care of by Aunt Liu when you visited Nanjing where she lived. Write a letter in about 100 words to extend your appreciation. Do not sign your own name, using "Li Ling" instead.

问答题You are expected to write at least 250 words about the following topic. It is hotly debated on whether a person who committed murder should be executed. Do you think the threat of capital punishment can stop people from committing murder?

What is Love? Valentine"s Day—thoughts turn to, or are supposed to turn to "love" but what is it, does it actually exist, and can social science help? There"s a seemingly endless list of descriptions and definitions of love from Shakespeare"s "as a fever, longing still" to Erich Segal"s hopelessly unpragmatic "never having to say you"re sorry". Traditionally, love has been considered so complex and mysterious that the whole breathless, smouldering, messy business was left to writers, fifties crooners—and the occasional Irish boy band. But, not any more. These days, psychologists are keen to nail down that which was once left to the poets, and lay bear what love is, how it works and why it exists in the first place. In his recent book, Love Sick, clinical psychologist Frank Tallis gives credence to popular term "madly in love" by setting out the similarities between falling in love and being mentally ill. Love, he argues, is characterised by mania (heightened emotions, inflated self-esteem and extravagant present giving), depression (tearfulness and loss of concentration) and extreme mood swings (on a high when beloved calls and in the depths when beloved doesn"t). Given the manic depressive symptoms, you wonder why we chase love rather than run screaming in the opposite direction. Love as mental illness is all very intriguing. But it comes wrapped Jn an unsettling suggestion. Tallis and others have proposed that love might eventually be treated—with a course of cognitive behaviour therapy—as if it were a sickness. More evidence that we live in a society where pills cushion us against all life"s ups and downs? It all seems a very long way from love as the poets saw it. Tallis, to be fair, insists that he accepts love as part of the human condition. His point is that for some people the effects of love are extremely debilitating. He claims to have patients who present with depression or anxiety only to discover they are suffering for love. While Tallis deals with the symptoms of the "loved up" but confused who pass through his consulting room, neuro-psychology—psychology"s cutting edge—is busy investigating the brain processes that underpin their behaviour. So what has neuropsychology discovered about that thing popular culture claims drives you insane, tends to be blind and can leave you as enslaved as a coke addict? Well, it"s discovered that all these claims for love are—in neurological terms—pretty accurate. In 2000, psychology professor Semir Zeki and his colleague Dr Andreas Bartels of University College London used Magnetic Resonance Imaging to scan the brains of 11 female and six male students, who claimed to be "truly, madly and deeply" in love. When the students were shown photographs of their lovers and friends, Zeki and Bartels discovered that very different areas of the cortex lit up. The researchers were surprised to discover that the "romantic love" brain areas were small compared to those activated by ordinary friendship, remarking in their eventual research paper that it was "fascinating to reflect that the face that launched a thousand ships should have done so through such a limited expanse of cortex". The second surprise was that the cortical romance zones did not overlap with areas associated with other emotional states such as anger and fear. Instead, the areas for romance were similar to those associated with addiction. As it turns out, the brain activation patterns of the madly-in-love look ever so similar to those of people under the influence of cocaine. So human beings might as well face it, they can indeed be addicted to love. That may soften criticism of Tallis"s talk of treatment. So love really is blind and irrational, or mad. When we are in its thrall, we are as enslaved as drug addicts and robbed of our ability to make sound judgments about the object of our affections. That explains why our friends can all see that the person we adore is shifty or deadly dull while we are entirely oblivious. Romantic love, of course, has a shelf life. By comparing the NGF (nerve growth factor) levels of the madly in love with those of established couples and singletons, the researchers concluded that romantic love dies within a year. That"s roughly the time it takes to realise that your beloved will never master screwing the top back on the toothpaste. We may be shedding new light on how love works, but the questions remains as to why it exists at all. Anthropologist Dr Helen Fisher of Rutgers University, in New Jersey, suggests that love comes in three forms—sexual lust, romantic love and long-term attachment. In Why We Love: The Nature and Chemistry of Romantic Love, Fisher argues that each of the three forms of love has its own emotional and motivational system, distinct biochemistry and is linked to its own distinct brain network. Lust, romance and attachment map on to mating, pair-bonding and parenting and Fisher argues each form of love is crucial to the survival of our species. Lust is driven by sex hormones that Fisher says, "get you out there looking for anything". If this leads to romance, we enter a stage when we can think of nothing but the person we love. We feel exhilarated and have obsessive thoughts about the object of our love. Fisher argues that the romantic phase, while necessary for a pair to form, doesn"t last because it"s too unstable a state for the rearing of children. Stable, secure long-term attachment is needed for that. For many sociologists, these theories of love from anthropologists and psychologists miss the point. They point out that the definition of love has varied through history and that the concept of falling in love, for example, did not exist until the 16th century. For sociologist Bernadette Bawin-Legros romantic love doesn"t boil down to timeless brain activation patterns and evolutionary imperatives. Romantic love is a narrative that has long-dominated popular culture. It is fragile in its contemporary form, she argues, because that form involves the impossible union of two ideals—fusion with another and the modern aspiration for autonomy and self-development. Whatever the desires of dreamy romantics for love to last forever, those two ideals are simply irreconcilable. Comprehension

For Proust it was a bite of a buttery madeleine; for some, it"s the taste of a gooey Mallomar. And for you, it might be a few notes of Yellow Submarine or the sight of a little girl stacking Legos that catapults your mind decades into the past. Under the right conditions, the tiniest trigger can unleash a flood of sunny memories in even the least sentimental among us. Such reminiscence can be healthier than you think. Despite nostalgia"s bittersweet rap and the oft-heard advice to live in the moment, recent studies suggest that the occasional detour down memory lane can give your spirits a significant lift. Thinking of good memories for just 20 minutes a day can make people more cheerful than they were the week before, and happier than if they think of their current lives, report researchers from Loyola University. Most people spontaneously reminisce when they"re alone or feeling down—or both—which suggests that we reach for pleasant memories as an antidote to feeling blue, says Loyola psychologist Fred Bryant. Think of a new arrival to a big city then remember good times with friends back home. Or a premed struggling with college chemistry which bolsters his confidence with memories of high school triumph. "Reminiscence can motivate you," says Bryant. More important, it can give you "a sense of being rooted, a sense of meaning and purpose—instead of being blown around by the whims of everyday life". Researchers at the University of Southampton in the UK have also found nostalgia to be a potent mood booster. Since memories often star important people in our lives, they may give us a comforting sense of belonging. According to studies by psychologist Tim Wildschut and colleagues, people who write about a nostalgic event are more cheerful after the exercise compared with people who write about an everyday experience. The studies also show that people who write about good memories report higher self-esteem and feel more positively about friendships and close relationships. Wildschut adds that people who are disposed to experience nostalgia also tend to see their past as positive, adding support to the idea of a nostalgia-prone personality. Previous research has shown that naturally nostalgic people have high self-esteem and are less prone to depression. They cope with problems more effectively and are more likely than not to receive social support after experiencing stress. Not surprisingly, these well-rooted folks also see their families more often. But even people who aren"t particularly nostalgic can enjoy the benefits of recalling the good old days. For best results, try reminiscing in your head rather than on paper, suggests a forthcoming study in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. When Sonja Lyubomirsky, a psychologist at the University of California at Riverside asked participants to either write or think about their happiest life experience, she found that those who replayed their happiest moments in their heads later experienced greater well-being than the writing group. Interestingly, a large body of research, including Lyubomirsky"s, shows that just the opposite happens when people process unpleasant life events: Ruminating about them retraumatises you, whereas analyzing them through writing helps you get past the trauma. But this dichotomy makes sense, since "you don"t want to get past a positive experience," explains Lyubomirsky. On the contrary, she says, "There"s a magic and mystery in positive events," so analyzing them lifts the veil and makes wondrous events more ordinary. For some people, reminiscing about good times can trigger painful emotions. Recalling a career triumph can make you feel like a has-been, and thinking back to cozy weekends with grandma might be a poignant reminder that she"s gone. But it needn"t be that way. "It"s what you focus on," says Lyubomirsky. "Do you focus on how positive it was then, or that it"s over now?" People who see each good experience as permanently enriching are more likely to get a mood boost. But a person who mainly focuses on the contrast between past and present damns every good experience with the attitude that nothing in the future can ever live up to it. To avoid dwelling on this contrast, Bryant recommends connecting the past with the present. As you think about your current job or family, for example, recalling your younger self who once dreamt of this future can enhance your outlook on the life you have now. "Recalled anticipation spices the moment," he says. Certainly, you can overdo reminiscence—"when there"s no joy in the moment except by resurrecting the past," says Bryant. He suggests a better approach to the passage of time: using positive reminiscence as part of a cycle that also includes savoring the present and looking forward to the future. Comprehension

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Retailers" Ethical Policy Growing corporate interest in ethics may be explained by emerging contemporary issues such as bio-ethics, pollution control, and environmental awareness. The ethical wave has not bypassed the retailing sector and the number of retailers committed to "fair trade" is increasing. Specific ethical actions such as good social conduct codes or the rollout of the so-called ethical standard, SA 8000 (Carrefour-Promod), are spreading. Retailers have also defined new job positions such as Executive Manager for the Environment, Import and Social Ethics Manager, or Sustainable Development Manager. Of course, retailers" ethical concern is enmeshed with ulterior motives because of the huge stakes involved. Various consumer studies actually show that if a company were to seriously default on its social and environmental obligations, 62.7% of French consumers would be prepared to shun the purchase of its products and 51.2% would support a boycott. Against the backdrop of increasingly tough competition among retailers, the growing number of scandals and incidents of professional misconduct have also generated deepseated consumer mistrust. Thus, the retailers having suffered the hardest hit by the crisis of confidence erosion have been gradually prompted to revise their business concepts. They now have to forge close ties with consumers to regain their trust. From this standpoint, ethics is an integral part of the development of a durable relationship between companies and their customers and is an inescapable approach for retailers as well. The Place of Ethics in Business Business" recent interest in the concept of ethics was first triggered by "in-house reasons," i.e., globalization and various corporate takeovers weakened corporate culture, and specifically led to the loss of collective bearings. The outside factor of deregulation forced companies to question their values. A company needs to create a common cultural reference and to clarify values, and also to guide or deliberately control employee behaviors. A company will justify any acts or decisions according to moral standards and values. This translates into a formalization of ethics through ethical codes or ethics committees. However, external reasons, such as the pressure of the sociopolitical environment, also explain the ethical approach to business. Mass consumer culture has made way for a more demanding, aesthetic and cultural consumerism. Consumers do not only take into account the material aspects of the products they purchase, but also their symbolic and cultural quality. The new attitude toward consumerism is defined by the search for a social identity. Thus, the formalization of ethics fosters relations with shareholders while conveying a serious, quality image to consumers. The rollout of an ethical policy is sometimes a sincere, albeit opportunistic, reaction of businesses to prevent conflicts, or to deploy conflict risk management. As companies operate within a competitive world where trade battles are won in the field of corporate image, their ethical strategies become instruments extending their power and adding value to the brand. The ethical discourse enhances the brand with an axiological content. This is a good way of avoiding the trivialization of the corporate discourse and of building a bulwark against the competition. Reasons for Integrating Ethics While retailers cannot evade the ethical pressures on companies, they are also in a difficult position as brokers between vendors and consumers. Nevertheless, retailers would like to assert themselves as companies in their own right. They are no longer working to convey the image of their suppliers" products but are seeking to forge their own image and establish their position with regard to their competitors. For instance, aside from the banner store supply, a retailer will also offer a product supply to consumers as a means of differentiating itself from rival businesses and of strengthening consumers" perceived image of the retailer. According to J. Gulbert, who is in charge of the Carrefour advertising budget at BETC Euro RSCG, "The notion of responsibility has become an engine that drives in-store attendance in the same way as low prices do. Carrefour had not thought of communicating on this topic; we suggested it." "A business discourse can no longer be called such if it does not include either a societal or environmental scope," adds Sylvie Cole, Advertising Executive at Carrefour. Retailers build their image in much the same way as companies do. This is because the former are often faced with a conflict between satisfying consumers-to whom retailers would like to offer a wider variety of products at competitive prices-and vendors, reputedly being forced into bankruptcy because of retailers" purchasing policies. Furthermore, consumers" perceived image of the retailer stems from the behavior identified with the store. Consumers satisfied with the quality of the goods and services of the store have a favorable image while dissatisfied consumers form a negative image. Recent research confirms these, albeit old, study findings and shows that consumers will tolerate non-ethical behavior as long as they believe that their investments and income remain the same. Once consumers think that this is no longer the case, they will react either by complaining or by changing suppliers. That is why a retailer"s communication aimed at improving its image may trigger favorable attitudes and spur in-store attendance. The promotion of ethics thus becomes a way for retailers to improve a still negative image. Comprehension

London After the Great Fire The Great Fire of September 1666 laid waste five sixths of the walled area of the medieval city, from Fleet Street in the west to the Tower of London in the east, and north from the bank of the Thames to the wall at Cripplegate. London Bridge was not affected, as a previous fire of 1633 had cleared an area at its north end which stopped the flames of 1666 spreading. Within the area of the fire no buildings survived intact above ground, though churches of stone, and especially their towers, were only partly destroyed and now stood as gaunt and smoking ruins. In many places the ground was too hot to walk on for several days afterwards. At least 65,000 people had been made homeless by the fire. At first they camped in the fields outside the walls, but within days had dispersed to surrounding villages or other parts of London. Rents soared in the unburnt area, but somehow accommodation was found for all who needed it. Much merchandise had been destroyed, and there was virtually no fire insurance, so many people were ruined, and some moved away permanently. Within a few days of the fire, several proposals with sketch-plans for radical reorganisation of the City"s streets were put forward, including one by Christopher Wren, but they had no chance of success, because so many interests were involved and the City wanted to get back on its feet quickly. One of them, by Richard Newcourt, which proposed a rigid grid with churches in squares, was however later adopted for the laying-out of Philadelphia, USA. Then, in October 1666, King Charles and the City appointed Commissioners, including Wren, to regulate the rebuilding. The Commissioners issued proclamations concerning the width of streets and the height, materials and dimensions of secular buildings. And in February 1667 a Fire Court started hearing many competing claims from owners and tenants as the rebuilding began. Some streets were widened or straightened, bottlenecks eased, and one new street built by carving through private properties. Markets in the streets were moved into new special market halls. But efforts to create a city with fine new public buildings and spaces did not go much further. There were no new public squares. The four affected gates (Ludgate, Newgate, Moorgate and Temple Bar) were rebuilt in place, even though they were now decorative rather than useful, and all the gates were removed in the 1760s. A New Quay, 40 feet wide and from Blackfriars to the Tower, was intended; but although a space was cleared back from the pre-fire river wall for this purpose, it became gradually obscured by cranes, sheds and then permanent private warehouses. A separate scheme to make the Fleet into a canal with its own warehouses and vaults got under way but also failed after a few decades. By the end of 1670 almost 7000 sites had been surveyed and 6000 houses built. By the time of Ogilby and Morgan"s map of the City in 1676 all the area of the fire had been rebuilt with the exception of some of the sites of parish churches. The mapmakers even guessed at the future shape of St Paul"s Cathedral, even though only the foundation of the east end had been laid. Surprisingly, considering Wren"s habit of keeping the design to himself, they got it roughly right. Overall, there were fewer houses (some scholars say a reduction of 20%, others say as much as 39%), partly due to amalgamation of sites and some owners" wish to have larger houses. Four sizes were specified in the rebuilding act—the largest was a house at the back of a courtyard. These grand residences were now occupied by merchants and aldermen, since the aristocracy had been moving to the West End or Covent Garden before the Great Fire and they now decamped with greater speed. The courtyard houses and the second type, which fronted major streets, were restricted to four storeys in height whereas before the fire they were sometimes six. Ordinary streets and alleys contained two smaller types, limited to three storeys. All houses had to be constructed of brick, though some timber was allowed in practice (especially for the cornice at roof-level), and the external walls were to be of differing thickness depending on the type of house. The grander houses sometimes had doorways and windows in stone, but this would have been exceptional. There are a very few survivors today, but an example can be seen in the former Deanery off St Paul"s churchyard. Fifty-one parish churches were rebuilt under the general direction of Christopher Wren (knighted in 1673). Today there are 23 left fairly intact, and ruins or only towers of a further six. Their variety and beauty comes not only from his inventive genius and a close study of classical architecture, but also from an essential pragmatism about the ruins facing him. Often the new church had the same outline as the pre-fire building, or the tower was retained. Some of the designs may be by Robert Hooke (St Martin Ludgate), but it is clear that Wren only had a general overall control of all these projects. Whether it is around the cathedral, during repairs to a Wren church or on some building sites, archaeological excavation in the City often finds evidence of the fire and of the rebuilding, especially along the waterfront where the fire rubble was left in the streets and alleys to heighten the ground level against the Thames. This means that not only are some of the pre-fire buildings saved for excavation, with walls up to five feet high, but the post-fire improvements can be seen: wider alleys, and more construction in brick. Carved stones from destroyed churches were reused as rubble in foundations and walls, most notably in the crypt of the new St Paul"s. We have perhaps been overimpressed by the Great Fire, and must place it in context—the fire, destructive though it was, devastated only about one third of the conurbation of London then standing. Within the area of the devastation a new city of brick and occasionally stone arose, but around it a larger area remained timber-framed for generations to come. Inside the City, if we could have walked down a street like Fenchurch Street in 1675, we would have seen an abrupt change from the brick buildings of the new city to the timber and plaster frontages of the pre-fire city, at the point where the fire was stopped. This sudden contrast took generations to erase. But it is also true that the fire created the opportunity to build, in the central area, a city in a new form, which would quickly become the hub of the British Empire in the decades which followed. So the creation of the Empire owes something to the Great Fire of 1666. Comprehension