填空题· tells a very simple story but it contains many messages?

填空题 International free trade occurs when there are no barriers to trade. Countries can get a lot of benefits from free trade. {{U}}(31) {{/U}}, all countries choose to adopt protection policies to some extent In this essay, I will give{{U}} (32) {{/U}}of the arguments in favour of world free trade, describe the methods for the trade protection policies{{U}} (33) {{/U}}countries erect to protect domestic industries and give the arguments which can be put{{U}} (34) {{/U}}to justify protectionist policies. Tariffs are taxes on{{U}} (35) {{/U}}products. Sometimes, tariffs are known{{U}} (36) {{/U}}imports duties and customs duties. They can be used{{U}} (37) {{/U}}raise revenue. But, they are usually used to{{U}} (38) {{/U}}imports and also to help domestic producers. The effect of imposing{{U}} (39) {{/U}}tariff is to raise price for domestic consumers, and some consumers will switch consumption{{U}} (40) {{/U}}imported goods to domestically produced substitutes. {{U}}(41) {{/U}}are two types of tariffs. One is percentage taxes, it is based onpercentage of value of goods. {{U}}(42) {{/U}}one is specific (fixed sum taxes), it is based on a fixed tax {{U}}(43) {{/U}}unit or weight. Quota is a limit on the supply of goods or services. It can be imposed on exports. The domestic market share will increase because of{{U}} (44) {{/U}}a limit on the quantity of imported goods. However, the price of protected goods will also rise because a quota is to reduce supply. Voluntary export restraint or restriction {{U}}(45) {{/U}}similar to a quota, but this time the limit on imports arises from a voluntary agreement {{U}}(46) {{/U}}the exporting and importing countries. For example, the UK had an agreement with Japanese car{{U}} (47) {{/U}}that they should not take{{U}} (48) {{/U}}than 10 percent of the UK car market. Exchange control means that a government control on foreign currency controls importers access to foreign currency. This is a{{U}} (49) {{/U}}which was used by a number of European countries, {{U}}(50) {{/U}}the UK, in the 1960s and 1970s and is still found in some developing countries.

填空题 Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. For high-risk propositions yielding high returns, there is nothing to beat the handful companies marketing eternal life. {{U}}(31) {{/U}}the perceived rewards of being able to come hack to life{{U}} (32) {{/U}}some point, the risks are huge: Who would want to chance a repeat of disco or Victorian mores, let{{U}} (33) {{/U}}more meaningless millennium hype in 2999? There are{{U}} (34) {{/U}}, more immediate risks involved in the new business of cryonics, {{U}}(35) {{/U}}is the deep freezing at death of human bodies for preservation and possible revival in future. The biggest problem is that, {{U}}(36) {{/U}}now, it is impossible to freeze people and bring them back to life. On the other hand, if cryonics{{U}} (37) {{/U}}, you were already dead anyway. {{U}} (38) {{/U}}it comes from the same root, kryos, the Greek word for cold, cryonics is not to be{{U}} (39) {{/U}}with the mainstream sciences of cryogenics or cryobiology. These involve freezing of metals or of simple organisms. Metals get stronger{{U}} (40) {{/U}}deep freezing, while the freezing and thawing of cancerous tissues can be a good way{{U}} (41) {{/U}}kill it. {{U}} (42) {{/U}}cryonics seeks to do the opposite. The goal is to freeze a human head or an entire body{{U}} (43) {{/U}}the technology exists to do one of the following: graft a new body{{U}} (44) {{/U}}the head, clone a new person{{U}} (45) {{/U}}preserved DNA, or heal a sick body that has been preserved. If this sounds like science fiction, {{U}}(46) {{/U}}the moment it is. Anyone who has{{U}} (47) {{/U}}put beer in the freezer and then forgotten about it can grasp the problems facing cryonics enthusiasts today. Ice is less dense than water. {{U}}(48) {{/U}}as beer left to freeze will eventually cause its container to burst, {{U}}(49) {{/U}}the ice that forms adds extra pressure, {{U}}(50) {{/U}}frozen cells can risk being punctured when the liquid in them freezes.

填空题·has been well-known as a fishing center?

填空题Constantlyrevisingweatherforecastsbring______tomanypeople.

填空题"The more gadgets there are, the (31) things seem to get. " said Honore Ervin, co-author of The Etiquette Girls: Things You Need to Be Told. "Just because it's there (32) your disposal, doesn't mean you have to use it 24/7. " A recent (33) by market research company Synovate showed that 70 percent of 1,000 respondents (34) the poorest etiquette in cell phone users over other devices. The worst habit? Loud phone conversations in public places, or "cell yell, " (35) to 72 percent of the Americans polled. "People use (36) anywhere and everywhere, " Ervin said. "At the movies—turn (37) your cell phone. I don't want to pay $10 to be sitting next to some guy chitchatting to his girlfriend (38) his cell phone. " This rudeness has deteriorated public spaces, according to Lew Friedland, a communication professor (39) the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He (40) the lack of manners a kind of unconscious rudeness, (41) many people are not (42) of what they're doing or the others around them. "I think it's really noticeable in any plane, train or bus (43) you're subjected against your will (44) someone else's conversation, " he said. "You can listen to intimate details of their uncle's illness, problems with their lovers and (45) they're having for sinner. " "It (46) what was a public common space and starts to (47) it up into small private space. " A short time ago, if cell phone users (48) politely asked to talk quietly, they would (49) with chagrin, he said. "Now more and more people are essentially treating you like you don't understand that loud cell phone use is (50) in public. /

填空题 Not every President is a leader, but every time we elect a President we hope for one, especially in times of doubt and crisis. In easy times we are ambivalent -- the leader, after all, makes demands, challenges the status quo, shakes things up. Leadership is as much a question of timing as anything else. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} And when he comes, he must offer a simple, eloquent message. Great leaders are almost always great simplifiers, who cut through argument, debate and doubt to offer a solution everybody can understand and remember. Churchill warned the British to expect "blood, toil, tears and sweat"; FDR told Americans that "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"; Lenin promised the war-weary Russians peace, land and bread. Straightforward but potent messages. We have an image of what a leader ought to be. We even recognize the physical signs: Leaders may not necessarily be tall, but they must have bigger-than-life, commanding features--LBJ's nose and ear lobes, Ike's broad grin. A trademark also comes in handy: Lincoln's stovepipe hat, JFK's rocker. We expect our leaders to stand out a little, not to be like ordinary men. Half of President Ford's trouble lay in the fact that, if you closed your eyes for a moment, you couldn't remember his face, figure or clothes. A leader should have an unforgettable identity, instantly and permanently fixed in people's minds. It also helps for a leader to be able to do something most of us can' t: FDR overcame polio; Mao swam the Yangtze River at the age of 72. We don't want our leaders to be "just like us". We want them to be like us but better, special, more so. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} Even television, which comes in for a lot of knocks as an image-builder that magnifies form over substance, doesn't altogether obscure the qualities of leadership we recognize, or their absence. Television exposed Nixon's insecurity, Humphrey's fatal infatuation with his own voice. A leader must know how to use power, but he also has to have a way of showing that he does. He has to be able to project firmness-- no physical clumsiness(like Ford., no rapid eye movements(like Carter). A Chinese philosopher once remarked that a leader must have the grace of a good dancer, and there is a great deal of wisdom to this. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} He should be able, like Lincoln, FDR, Truman, Ike and JFK, to give a good, hearty, belly laugh, instead of the sickly grin that passes for good humor in Nixon or Carter. Ronald Reagan's training as an actor showed to good effect in the debate with Carter, when by his easy manner and apparent affability, he managed to convey the impression that in fact he was the President and Carter the challenger. If we know what we' re looking for, why is it so difficult to find? The answer lies in a very simple truth about leadership. People can only be led where they want to go. The leader follows, though a step ahead. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} The British believed that they could still win the war after the defeats of 1940, and Churchill told them they were right. A leader rides the waves, moves with the tides, understands the deepest yearnings of his people. He cannot make a nation that wants peace at any price go to war, or stop a nation determined to fight from doing so. His purpose must match the national mood. His task is to focus the people's energies and desires, to define them in simple terms, to inspire, and make what people already want seem attainable, important, within their grasp. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} Winston Churchill managed, by sheer rhetoric, to turn the British defeat and the evacuation of Dunkirk in 1940 into a major victory. FDR's words turned the sinking of the American fleet at Pearl Harbor into a national rallying cry instead of a humiliating national scandal. A leader must stir our blood, not appeal to our reason... A great leader must have a certain irrational quality, a stubborn refusal to face facts, infectious optimism, the ability to convince us that all is not lost even when we're afraid it is. Confucius suggested that, while the advisers of a great leader should be as cold as ice, the leader himself should have fire, a spark of divine madness. A. Yet if they are too different, we reject them. Adlai Stevenson was too cerebral. Nelson Rockefeller, too rich. B. The leader must appear on the scene at a moment when people are looking for leadership, as Churchill did in 1940, as Roosevelt did in 1933, as Lenin did in 1917. C. Americans wanted to climb out of the Depression and needed someone to tell them they could do it, and FDR did. D. Our strength makes him strong; our determination makes him determined; our courage makes him a hero. He is the symbol of the best in us. E. Above all, he must dignify our desires, convince us that we are taking part in the making of great history, give us a sense of glory about ourselves. F. A leader should know how to appear relaxed and confident. His walk should be firm and purposeful.

填空题{{B}} A=Report 1 B=Report 2 C=Report 3 D=Report 4 Which report (s) say (s) that...{{/B}} {{B}}A{{/B}} Report 1 A new study requested by the US Congress is helping clear up some of the controversies regarding global warming, It finds the warming of the northern hemisphere in the last decades of the 20th century was unprecedented in the past thousand years. It also says the decade of the 1990s was the warmest on record. Authors believe human activities are at least partly responsible for recent warming. The study comes as extreme weather has struck many parts of tile United States. There was flooding in parts of the Midwest last week, more heavy rains this week in the southern and eastern United States. Scientists say that the warmer the air, the more evaporated water it holds. Winds pick up more moisture from the hotter ocean surfaces, resulting in heavier and more frequent downpours. Recent data compiled on wildfires indicate an increasing frequency in North America and elsewhere around the world. Scientists say generally over the last five decades snows are melting sooner and faster, producing hot, dry drought conditions in many parts of the world. Weather patterns have natural cycles, but this latest study suggests more frequent extremes of too dry and too wet conditions may exist for the rest of the decade and beyond. {{B}}B{{/B}} Report 2 Scientists observed the highest air pollution on record above the Arctic Circle in May. Air pollution has been linked to a number of medical problems including heart attacks, asthma and stroke, It is so hot in many parts of the US that officials are cautioning people to stay indoors. Even short exposure to high temperatures can cause serious health problems. Heat is not the only danger factor. Hot weather with little or no wind can lead to high levels of air pollution, especially ozone. Last year researchers in Boston analyzed pollution rates in nine major US cities. They found the risk of stroke was one percent higher on days with relatively higher air pollution. Scientists say while this increase may seem small, it has a huge effect, since the number of people living in pollution-prone cities is so great. Researchers say pollution particles in the air may enter the body through the lungs and irritate the wails of blood vessels, encouraging clots that travel to the brain. The Hopkins scientists found these fine particles can reach the small airways and the air sacks in the lungs. A study found a link between fine particles in air pollution and risk of death. It also found that reducing exposure to air pollution decreased the number of deaths associated with pollution. {{B}}C{{/B}} Report 3 Europe is baking under a heat wave that has sent temperatures soaring past 36 degrees Celsius in some places. The sizzling weather is blamed for the deaths of at least half a dozen people. Temperatures in parts of France were expected to soar as high as 36 degrees Celsius Wednesday. Other parts of Europe are expected to be even hotter. So far, the heat wave has killed at least six people around Europe, including three in France. The heat is accompanied by unusually dry weather in many places. The sizzling scenario seems very similar to the heat wave of 2003, when heat was linked to the deaths of roughly 30 000 people around Europe, half of them in France. Things are different this summer. French social workers and ordinary French are checking in on older people, to make sure they're OK. The government has established a weather warning sys tern, and a help hot line for the elderly and other fragile people. Other European countries are taking similar preventative measures. Nobody wants a repeat of the killer heat wave of 2003. {{B}}D{{/B}} Report 4 Eleven days of triple digit temperatures in California are taking a toll on the state agricultural industry. Meteorologists expect the deadly heat wave that has killed at least 60 people could subside by this weekend. But the relief may be too late for many California farmers. California dairy farmer Hank Van Excel is doing his best to keep his herds comfortable. But the effect of the heal on his dairy cows is evident. He has lost 14 cows and says milk production is down more than 20 percent. The heat has led to emergency declarations in several counties. The heat has been unprecedented. It's been oppressively hot at night. All of these factors coming together have made it very challenging for the local community. "And California's $50-billiona-year dairy industry is not the only victim, In vineyard, the scorching temperatures will affect the taste of the wines and grapes are beyond raisin. Over in the tomato fields, the heat has killed about 15 percent of the blossoms that typically yield 46 000 tons of tomatoes per season. People obviously losing money as the days continue to be hot. It's a story repeated in peach orchards and walnut groves and melon patches up and down the state. It's too early to assess total damages but consumers will feel the heat in their pocketbooks. The con sumers deal with it in the prices they're going to pay when they go to the store or when they go to the restaurant."·hot weather may cause serious health problems associated with air pollution? 71. ______·a weather warning system is established to help people away from danger heat? 72. ______·not only people but also animals and crops are victims of the heat wave? 73. ______·there were controversies on the issue of global warming? 74. ______·human activities contribute to global warming? 75. ______·the deadly heat wave can kill people? 76. ______·hot weather Will have its effects on consumers? 77. ______·reducing exposure to air pollution can decrease deaths associated with pollution? 78. ______·hot weather had attacked France twice since 2003? 79. ______·wildfires increased in North America and other parts of the world recently? 80. ______

填空题 Authorities and experts in Nanjing, capital of East China's Jiangsu Province, are calling for more attention to the sexual needs of migrant workers due {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}an increase in the number of rape cases. In one case, a 33-year-old married migrant worker was {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}to 20 years in prison last week by the city's Jiangning District People's Court for {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}four women. Luo Shuang, from a village outside the district, was quoted {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}local newspaper Nanjiug Daily as saying that he felt pained by his sexual {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}and regretted the crimes he conducted. Luo even asked {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}to give him the death penalty out of shame. "Luo is a typical {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}of how a migrant worker can go off the rails due to sexual frustration. This tragedy definitely {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}widespread attention, because it keeps happening {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}," said Yin Jinfu, vice-dean of the Public Prosecution Department of the Nanjing Municipal Procuratorial Department. Statistics from procuratorial bureaus in four major districts in Nanjing {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}78 cases of rape were reported involving migrant workers {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}2004 and 2005, accounting for 48 per cent of all rape cases in the districts in the period. The youngest migrant worker rapist was only 16, while the {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}were aged around 25. Rape by migrant workers has been on the {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}in recent years, according to He Gal, head of the Publicity Department of the People's Procuratorial Bureau in Jiangning District. "Now is the time for society to work together and 16ut a stop to this {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}crime," he said. Nanjing has a reported 1 million long-term migrant workers, and a survey {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}by students from a local university this May showed that most migrant workers described their lack of sex while working in the city as" {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}". Wu Yiming, dean of the Sociology Department of Nanjing Normal University, said ignoring {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}sexual needs of migrant workers, most of whom are male, will lead to physical and {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}problems. "Migrant workers are first and foremost {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}beings with normal sexual needs. Society cannot ask them to adhere to laws and regulations {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}suppressing and ignoring their natural demands," said Wu.

填空题Impatience characterizes young intellectual workers. They want to make their mark (31) . So it's important to get (32) to them in a challenging manner the idea (33) big achievements rarely come easily and quickly. Point out that the little successes are essential. Show that they (34) turn become the foundation on (35) reputations are built and from which more important tasks can be accomplished. A variety of job assignments, including job or project rotation, also keep a job (36) becoming dull. Whereas it's natural for some individuals to want to move ahead immediately to more difficult assignments, (37) proper guidance they can continue to learn and to gain versatility by working on a number of jobs that are essentially (38) the same complexity. This way they gain breadth, if not depth. Probably the greatest offense to guard (39) when dealing with younger specialists is to reject ideas out of hand. You must listen—and listen objectively to their suggestions. Avoid (40) overcritical. You want to nurture an inquiring mind with a fresh approach. You'll frustrate it quickly if you revert too often (41) "We've tried that before and it won't (42) here. " One sure way to disenchant (43) college graduates is flagrantly misusing their talents. Expect them to do some routine work, of course. But don't make their (44) work just one long series of errands. This includes such break—in assignments (45) performing routine calculations, digging up (46) material, (47) operating reproduction equipment. One large manufacturing company recently interviewed a number of (48) engineers who had left them. The company found that the overwhelming complaint was that the company not only did not offer work that (49) challenging but also expected (50) too little from them in the way of performance.

填空题Science and humanities are both theoretical subjects.

填空题 {{B}} Which article...{{/B}} ·tells us that the government will give support to employers, who offer part-time jobs? 71. ______ ·states that employers can benefit from having two people performing the same job? 72. ______ ·provides means for older people to ease into retirement? 73. ______ ·implies that work-sharing schemes have so far been unsatisfactory? 74. ______ ·shows that the author approves the Government's plan? 75. ______ ·indicates that a 63-year-old man might find job-sharing against his interest? 76. ______ ·states that job-sharing can offer the chance of interesting work to people who can only work part-time? 77. ______ ·says that many organizations are doubting the motives of the govermnent in advocating job-sharing? 78. ______ ·implies that increased payment for less work would destroy the scheme? 79. ______ ·states that a rise in output does not reduce unemployment? 80. ______{{B}}A{{/B}} The Government is going to give new "job splitting" grants to employers willing to offer part-time work to people claiming unemployment benefit. The next scheme, which took many union leaders and large employers by surprise yesterday night, will be announced in detail in the autumn. It is intended to cost the taxpayer nothing because of savings in unemployment benefit. The proposal, unveiled last night by Mr. Norman Tebbit, Secretary of State for Employment, will be in addition to the new Community Programme for the long-term unemployed. Mr. Tebbit said that under the scheme a vacancy could be offered to two unemployed people, one existing full-time employee or two existing full-time employees if one of them would otherwise have been made redundant. The Employment Secretary suggested yesterday that workers reaching retirement might find the idea of sharing their job attractive, if pensions could be secured. But he also said that firms might find it attractive to offer one vacancy to two school leavers. In a sharp reaction to the Community Programme, Mr. Nicholas Hinton, director of the National Council for Voluntary Organizations, whose members will be expected to sponsor many of the new places, said: "The Government is trying to spread too little money too thinly among too many people and many voluntary organizations arc suspicious of its motives."{{B}}B{{/B}} Few people believe that unemployment in the United Kingdom will fall favorably below the 3.2 million mark, or 13.4 percent of the labour force, during the next few years. The remarkable rise in productivity over the past year will, if it continues, make it even more difficult to tackle unemployment. Many firms are confident that they can meet any increase in demand without hiring extra staff. Remedies more imaginative and more permanent than those tried so far are needed. The Government's job-splitting scheme announced on Tuesday is one example that should be welcomed. Another good idea is Rank Xerox's "networking" plan, by which executives would be able to work part-time from home. The possibilities of work-sharing need to be more vigorously investigated, on the lines indicated by a recent OECD study. If the total hours of work required are not going to increase--with output rising thanks to improved productivity--then let us try to share those working hours more equitably among the labour force. Work-sharing helps to produce new jobs by reducing the working hours of those in existing jobs. The danger with work-sharing is that employees may expect to be paid more per hour for working shorter hours, and that fixed labour costs will rise as the numbers on the payroll increase. Many employers therefore fear that the effect on costs and prices would be inflationary. The Government is therefore subsidizing employers to participate in its job-splitting scheme. Most kinds of work-sharing involve marginal cuts of a few percent in total working hours, and thus only modest increases in the number of jobs. The biggest difference would be made if a substantial number of full-time jobs could be turned into part-time jobs. The Government's role would be to adapt the tax and social security system to make part-time work more attractive to employers and employees, notably by ensuring that as many part-time employees as possible escape both tax and social security payment. The social effects of work-sharing, are likely to be beneficial, since it would involve an attempt to match work opportunities to a wider variety of life styles. The combination of one full-time and one part-time spouse might become much more universal.{{B}}C{{/B}} Part-timers usually earn less per hour than a full-timer, have fewer fringe benefits and less job security. They have virtually no career prospects. Employers often think that working part-time means that a person has no ambition and no chance of promotion. But job-sharing bridges that gap and offers the chance of interesting work to people who can only work part-time and that does not mean just married women. As Adrienne Broyle of "New Ways to Work"--formally the London Job-sharing Project--points out: "There are various reasons why people want to job-share and so have more spare time." A growing number of men want to job-share so that they can play an active role in bringing up their children. It allows people to study at home in their free time, and means that disabled people or those who otherwise stay at home to look after them, can work. Job-sharing is also an idem way for people to ease into to retirement. Many employers are wary of new work schemes, but an investigation carried out by the EOC shows that they can profit in various ways from sharing. If one sharer is away sick, at least half the job continues to be done. Skilled workers who cannot work full-time can bring years of experience to a job. Half-timers have to work flat out without a tea break. Another attraction is that two people bring to one job twice as much experience, sets of ideas and discussion. But there are financial pitfalls for the job-sharers. If one becomes unemployed, he should be eligible for Unemployment Benefit. But he has to sign on as being available for full-time work. Otherwise, he can not claim the benefit. Pensions are a big block. The EOC paper points out that the local Government Superannuation Scheme excludes people who work less than 30 hours a week. For those who are attracted to job-sharing, beware. Most occupational pension schemes are based either on the average annual earnings during membership of the scheme or on the employee's final salary.

填空题{{B}} A = The East and the Gulf Coast B = The Plains and Highlands of the Interior C = The Western Mountains and Great Basin D = The Pacific Coast, Alaska, and Hawaii · Which part{{/B}} {{B}} A The East and the Gulf Coast{{/B}} The Atlantic Gulf Coastal Plain extends along the east and southeast coasts of the United States from Long Island to the Rio Grande; Cape Cod and the islands off Massachusetts are also part of this region. Although narrow in the north, the Atlantic Coastal Plain widens in the south, merging with the Guff Coastal Plain in Florida. The Atlantic and Gulf coasts are essentially coastlines of submergence, with numerous estuaries, islands and barrier beaches backed by lagoons. The northeast coast has many fine natural harbors, such as those of New York Bay and Chesapeake Bay. A principal feature of the lagoon-lined Gulf Coast is the great delta of the Mississippi River. The Atlantic Coastal Plain rises in the west to the rolling Piedmont ( the falls along which were an early source of waterpower ), a hilly transitional zone leading to the Appalachian Mountains. These ancient mountains, a once towering system now worn low by erosion, extend southwest from Canada to the Gulf Coastal Plain in Alabama. In New England, the Appalachians extend in a few places to the Atlantic Ocean, contributing to a rocky, irregular coastline. The Appalachians and the Adirondack Mountains of New York ( which are geologically related to the Canadian Shield) include all the chief highlands of E United States; Mt. Mitchell (6,684ft/ 2,037m high), in the Black Mts. of North Carolina, is the highest point of North America.{{B}} B The Plains and Highlands of the Interior{{/B}} Extending more than 1,000 mi (1,610 km) from the Appalachians to the Rocky Mts. and lying between Canada (into which they extend) in the north and the Gulf Coastal Plain in the south are the undulating Interior Plains. Once covered by a great inland sea, the Interior Plains are underlain by sedimentary rock. Almost all of the region is drained by one of the world's greatest river systems-the Mississippi-Missouri. The Interior Plains may be divided into two sections: the fertile central lowlands, the agricultural heartland of the United States; and the Great Plains, a treeless plateau that gently rises from the central lowlands to the foothills of the Rocky Mts. The Black Hills of South Dakota form the region's only upland area.{{B}} C The Western Mountains and Great Basin{{/B}} West of the Great Plains are the lofty Rocky Mountains. This geologically young and complex system extends into United States from Canada and runs into New Mexico. There are numerous high peaks in the Rockies; the highest is Mt. Elbert (14,433ft/4,399m). The Rocky Mts. are divided into four sections-the Northern Rockies, the Middle Rockies, the Wyoming (Great Divide) Basin, and the Southern Rockies. Along the crest of the Rockies is the Continental Divide, separating Atlantic-bound drainage from that heading for the Pacific Ocean. Between the Rocky Mrs. and the ranges to the west is the Intermontane Region, an add expanse of plateaus, basins, and ranges. The Columbia Plateau, in the north of the region, was formed by volcanic lava and is drained by the Columbia River and its tributary the Snake River, both of which have cut deep canyons into the plateau. The enormous Colorado Plateau, an area of sedimentary rock, is drained by the Colorado River and its tributaries; there the Colorado River has entrenched itself to form the Grand Canyon, one of the world's most impressive scenic wonders. West of the plateaus is the Basin and Range province, an area of extensive semidesert. The lowest point in North America, in Death Valley (282ft/86m below sea level), is there. The largest basin in the region is the Great Basin, an area of interior drainage (the Humboldt River is the largest stream) and of numerous salt lakes, including the Great Salt Lake. Between the Intermontane Region and the Pacific Ocean is the Pacific Mountain System, a series of ranges generally paralleling the coast, formed by faulting and volcanism. The Cascade Range, with its numerous volcanic peaks extends from Canada into California, and from there is continued south by the Sierra Nevada, a great fault block. Mt. Whitney (14,495ft/4,418m), in the Sierra Nevada, is the highest peak in the conterminous United States.{{B}} D The Pacific Coast, Alaska, and Hawaii{{/B}} West of the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada and separated from them by a structural trough are the Coast Ranges, which extend along the length of the U.S. Pacific coast. The Central Valley in California, the Willamette Valley in Oregon, and the Puget Sound lowlands in Washington are part of the trough. The San Andreas Fault, a fracture in the earth's crust, parallels the trend of the Coast Ranges from San Francisco Bay to Mexico; earthquakes are common along its entire length. The Pacific Coastal Plain is narrow, and in many cases the mountains plunge directly into the sea. A coastline of emergence, it has few islands, except for the Channel Islands (see Santa Barbara Islands) and those in Puget Sound; there are few good harbors besides Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, and San Diego Bay. Alaska may be divided into four physiographic regions; they are, from north to south, the Arctic Lowlands, the coastal plain of the Arctic Ocean; the Rocky Mountain System, of which the Brooks Range is the northernmost section; the Central Basins and Highlands Region, which is dominated by the Yukon River basin; and the Pacific Mountain System, which parallels Alaska's southern coast and which rises to Mt. McKinley (Denali; 20,320ft/6,194m), be highest peak of North America. The islands of Alaska and those of the Aleutian Islands chain are partially submerged portions of the Pacific Mountain System and are frequently subjected to volcanic activity and earthquakes. These islands, like those of Hawaii, are the tops of volcanoes that rise from the floor of the Pacific Ocean. Manna Kea and Mauna Loa on Hawaii are active volcanoes; the other Hawaiian islands are extinct volcanoes.·is narrow in the north and wide in the south? 71. ______.·has one of the world's most impressive scenic wonders? 72. ______.·has large basins with interior drainage and salt lakes? 73. ______.·was once a towering system but now worn by erosion? 74. ______.·was once covered by a great inland sea? 75. ______.·is characterized by a structural trough ? 76. ______.·was formed by volcanic lava? 77. ______.·is lined by lagoons with beautiful harbors? 78. ______.·has the frequent occurrence of earthquake? 79. ______.·is drained by one of the world's greatest river systems? 80. ______.

填空题A=S. China Agricultural Univ B=Suzhou Univ C=S. W. Jiaotong Univ Which university... ● provides an apartment with three bedrooms and one living room? 1 ● stresses the possession of professional integrity? 2 ● recruits scholars majoring in Bridge 2 Genetics Engineering of Plant Secondary Metabolism for Insect Protection; 3 Ecological Control of Insect Pests. 3. Requirements 1 Age under 45 (not older than 55 under special circumstances); 2 A doctorate on this or relevant subjects; 3 Proficient in teaching core courses; 4 With profound academic attainments, and has made internationally recognized achievements in scientific research, and capable of coaching doctorate graduate students; 5 Possessing creative concepts in the aspects of discipline construction and academic research and the ability to work as a leader to surpass or maintain international standards in the frontiers of his/her field; 6 Being able to work whole-heartedly on the post and do his/her duty. 4. Pay and conditions 1 Provided with an apartment with three bedrooms and one living room; 2 Provided with a RMB 30,000 family allowance; 3 The university will provide facilities and funds for scientific research; 4 Scientific research and teaching assistants will be provided; 5 The university will arrange spouse"s work and children"s school admission; 6 The Specially Appointed Professors will have a subsidy of RMB 100,000 from "The Cheng Kong Scholar"s Program" and will receive other treatment offered to professors who coach doctorate students in the university. 5. Materials to be provided 1 The applicants must provide: ● Some detailed education and work experience; ● Personal C. V. (diploma, degree certificate, certificate for qualification of professional appointments.); ● Main achievements in teaching, scientific research, thesis and awards (copies); ● Working plan and expected goal; ● Contact telephone number and address. 2 The above mentioned materials should be sent to the Personnel Department of the South China Agricultural University before May 15, 1999. 6. Contact 1 For letters: The Personnel Department, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China (indicating Recruitment) 2 Telephone: (8620) 85511299-2763. Ask for Xie Qihuan. 3 E-mail: rsc@scau.edu.cn Suzhou Univ. Specially-appointed Scholar Recruitment 1. Requirements 1 Holding a doctorate. 2 Under the age of 45 (under 55 in special cases) and able to work as a teacher and a researcher. 3 With profound academic achievements, and has made internationally recognized contributions to the field of textile engineering. 4 With a great academic potential and possessing creative concepts in the study of textile engineering and the ability to work as a leader to surpass or maintain international standards in the frontiers of his/her field. 5 Good work style and interpersonal skills. A good organizer able to tackle difficulties. Assertiveand possessing professional integrity. 2. Responsibilities Responsible for core courses of his/her discipline and state level research projects. A leader in the construction of an academic team and in the effort to surpass international standards in his/her research field. 3. Salary and other benefits 1 Salary, bonus, medical and other benefits in accordance with the stipulations set by the State and this university as well as annual bonus of RMB 100,000. 2 A four-room apartment (with a hall). 3 Home-moving expenses. 4 Research funds, lab and assistant. 5 Spouse"s work arrangement and children"s schooling. 4. Application materials required 1 Personal CV and relevant documents, degree certificate, and recent ID photo. 2 Main achievements in teaching and scientific research. (A list of research projects, certificate of merit, papers and books published and representative achievements displayed in the past five years.) 3 Work plan and objective. 4 Family background and spouse"s work expectations. 5 Telephone and fax numbers, address and e-mail (please mark your envelope: "specially appointed"). Contact: Shen Haimu Tel: 0512-5112121 e-mail: sdrscszk@suda.edu.cn Suzhou University S. W. Jiaotong Univ. Professorships for Cheng Kong Scholar"s Program Southwest Jiaotong University 1. Qualifications 1 Have a Ph. D. and be younger than 45 (with exceptions in some cases, but no older than 50); 2 Be a full professor for domestic applicants or have the equivalent in some aspects of these two disciplines for overseas applicants; 3 Be of great learning and scholarship with established achievement universally acknowledged; 4 Have creative concepts for the leadership of State-funded projects of key importance, or capable of opening up new fields in the relevant discipline, keeping on the leading edge and superseding the scholarship of the discipline at the international level; 5 Have a reasonable mind, critical eyes, friendly personality and productive creativity. 2. Disciplines for Application and Research Subjects 1 Bridge ● Dynamics of Vehicle-Bridge Coupled Vibration of High-Speed Railway; ● Analysis Theory 2 Excellent accommodations for teaching and research, and teaching or research assistant (s), if necessary, are available; 3 A housing allowance of RMB 10,000-30,000 is available. 4. Requirements for Application 1 A complete copy of a proposal for the post for which you are applying; 2 A detailed copy of your resume, including your personal particulars such as your full name, summarized details of your qualifications, your contact details (address, telephone, fax and e-mail) and copies of the documents and certificates, sufficient for us to assess your research, teaching and working experience and skills, and potential for the position; 3 A list of documents sufficient to indicate your established achievements (publications, prizes and awards, etc). 5. Contact information of the application Three copies of the application should be forwarded to. Miss Chu Changling Personnel Office Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031, China by the closing date, May 20, 1999 Our office Tel: (86-28) 7600205 Our Fax: (86-28) 7609007 Our e-mail address: zgb@centel2.swjtu.edu.cn

填空题Potential AIDS victims who refuse to be tested for the disease and then defend their right to remain ignorant about whether they carry the virus are entitled to that right. But ignorance can not be used to rationalize irresponsibility. Nowhere in their argument is there concern about how such ignorance might endanger public health by exposing others to the virus. 1 Decent people are offended by this unfairness and in the name of benevolence have been driven to do morally irresponsible things such as denying the unpleasant facts of the disease, out of compassion for the victims. We cannot fudge the facts to comfort the afflicted when such obfuscation compounds the tragedy. 2 We now have tests for the presence of the virus that are as efficient and reliable as almost any diagnostic test in medicine. An individual who tests positive can be presumed with near-certainty to carry the virus, whether he has the disease or not. 3 Everyone who tests positive must understand that he is a potential vector for the AIDS virus and has a moral duty and responsibility to protect others from contamination. We need not force everyone in high-risk populations to take the test. There is no treatment for the disease. Therefore, to insist on testing serves no therapeutic purpose. Certainly there are those who would prefer ambiguity to certitude. However, a person who is at risk and refuses to have himself tested otherwise is cowardice compounding hypocrisy with wrongdoing. 4 We have a duty to protect the innocent and the unborn. Voluntary premarital testing for AIDS is a protection for both partners and for the uncontaminated and unborn children. We know that AIDS is transmissible from male to female, from female to male, from parent to conceived child. We are dealing not just with the protection of the innocent but with an essential step to contain the spread of an epidemic as tragic and as horrible as any that has befallen modern man. We must do everything in our power to keep this still untreatable disease from becoming pandemic. 5 It is morally wrong for someone in a high risk population who refuses to test himself to do other than to assume that he tests positively. It is morally wrong for those who, out of sympathy for the heartbreaking victims of this epidemic, act as though well-wishing and platitudes about the ambiguities of the disease are necessary in order to comfort the victims while they contribute to enlarging the number of those victims. Moral responsibility is the burden of the sick as well as the healthy. A. Surely an individual has a right to spare himself the agony of knowledge if he prefers wishful thinking to certitude. He must not use his desire for hope as an excuse for denial. B. To state that the test for AIDS is "ambiguous," as a clergyman recently said in public, is a misstatement and an immoral act. To state that the test does not directly indicate the presence of the virus is a half-truth that misleads and an immoral act. The test correlates so consistently with the presence of the virus in bacteria cultures as to be considered 100 percent certain by experts. C. It may seem unfair to burden the tragic victims with concern for the welfare of others. But moral responsibility is not a luxury of the fortunate, and evil actions perpetrated in despair cannot be condoned out of pity. It is morally wrong for a healthy individual who tests positive for AIDS to be involved with anyone except under the strictest precautions now defined as safe sex. D. Some of the educational investment in today"s children has already been lost as student become infected at startling rates as well. About half of those newly infected with AIDS are younger than 25. One survey at the University of Durban-Westyille estimated that one third of its students are HIV positive. Educators complain that many students refuse consoling and are unwilling to use condoms. E. All disease is an outrage, and disease that affects the young and healthy seems particularly outrageous. When a disease selectively attacks the socially disadvantaged, such as homosexuals and drug abusers, it seems an injustice beyond rationalization. Such is the case with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. F. Some crucial facts: AIDS is a communicable disease. The percentage of those infected with the AIDS virus who will eventually contract the disease is unknown, but that percentage rises with each new estimate. The disease so far has been 100 percent fatal. The latency period between the time the virus is acquired and the disease develops is also unknown.

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填空题The author holds that engineering and humanities have the least in common.

填空题 The values in the economic system are measured in terms of money. Our goods and services are sold for{{U}} (31) {{/U}}, and that money is in turn exchanged{{U}} (32) {{/U}}other goods and services. Coins are adequate for small transactions,{{U}} (33) {{/U}}paper notes are used for general business. There is additionally a wider sense of the word "money", covering anything{{U}} (34) {{/U}}is used as a means of exchange, whatever{{U}} (35) {{/U}}it may take. Originally, a valuable metal (gold, silver or copper) served{{U}} (36) {{/U}}a constant store of value, and even today the American{{U}} (37) {{/U}}is technically "backed" by the store of gold which the US government maintains. Because gold has been universally regarded as a very valuable metal, national currencies were for many years judged in{{U}} (38) {{/U}}of the so-called "gold standard". Nowadays, however, national currencies are considered to be as strong as the national economies which support{{U}} (39) {{/U}}. Valuable metal has generally been replaced by{{U}} (40) {{/U}}notes. These notes are issued arrangements {{U}}(41) {{/U}}as cheques and money orders which are not legal tender. They{{U}} (42) {{/U}}the function of substitute money and are known as "instruments of credit". Credit is offered only when creditors believe that they{{U}} (43) {{/U}}a good chance of obtaining legal tender when they present such instruments at a bank or other authorized institution. If a man's assets are known to be considerable, then his{{U}} (44) {{/U}}will be good. If his assets are in doubt, then it may be difficult for him to obtain large sums of credit or even to{{U}} (45) {{/U}}for goods with a cheque. The value of money is basically its value as a medium of exchange, or as economists put it, its "purchasing power". This purchasing{{U}} (46) {{/U}}is dependent on supply and demand. The demand{{U}} (47) {{/U}}money is reckon able as the quantity needed to effect business transactions. An increase{{U}} (48) {{/U}}business requires an increase in the amount of money coming into general circulation. But the demand for money is related not{{U}} (49) {{/U}}to the quantity of business but also to the rapidity with which the business is{{U}} (50) {{/U}}.

填空题A=ANABOLIC STEROID B=EPO, OR ERYTHROPOIETIN C=BLOOD DOPING D=HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE E=BLOOD SUBSTITUTE Which substance or method... ● is designed to obviate the need for transfusions in surgery and help patients in hemorrhagic shock? 1 ● controls the release of IGF-1? 2 ● helps American athletes win medals in cycling? 3 ● is developed to alleviate anemia in patients with kidney disease? 4 ● was fast-tracked for approval in South Africa and found its way to the black market? 5 ● is short-acting, water-based strength builder? 6 ● is undetectable if athletes quit taking it a week or so before the games? 7 ● will not be tested for in Sydney? 8 ● is quite dangerous because an overdose could make the blood too thick for the heart to pump? 9 ● was developed for children with dwarfism? 10 ANABOLIC (组织代谢的) STEROIDS (类固醇) These are strength builders. Short-acting, water-based steroids are now available that flush from the system in a matter of hours. The most popular are synthetic derivatives of testosterone (睾丸素), a hormone(激素) already present in the body. They are extremely difficult to detect. Testing for testosterone in Sydney will involve the maligned t/e (testosterone/epitestosteron) ratio. The usual ratio of these two hormones in a urine sample is about to 1. Very few people have naturally elevated t/e ratios of 4 or 5, but the cut-off for the Sydney test is 6. By setting the number so high, the I. O. C. can"t really discourage athletes from boosting their testosterone to that level. "Athletes don"t stay ahead of testers, as people claim," says Shorter. "The testers send a message about what"s the best stuff to take." EPO, or ERYTHROPOIETIN (红细胞生成素) EPO regulates red-cell production, and these cells deliver oxygen throughout the body. Developed to alleviate anemia (贫血症) in patients with kidney disease, synthetic EPO is a diet staple for many long-distance runners, swimmers and cyclists. The oxygen boost it provides can improve an athlete"s performance in a 20-minute run by 30 seconds; in a marathon, by as much as four minutes. Synthetic EPO is dangerous: an overdose could make the blood too thick for the heart to pump. The drug"s introduction in 1987 was followed by a series of mysterious heart attacks among Dutch cyclists. EPO is believed to have been the cause of no fewer than 25 deaths among Olympic-caliber cyclists in the past 23 years. Epidemiologist Charles Yesalis of Penn State, an expert on performance enhancers, says new I. O. C. testing for EPO is "fluff", that it won"t detect athletes who quit taking the drug a week or so before the Games. BLOOD DOPING (兴奋剂的使用) In 1972 Dr. Bjorn Erblom of Stockholm"s Institute of Gymnastics and Sports drew a quart of blood from each of four athletes, removed the red cells and put them in cold storage. He reinfused (重新注入) the cells a month later and found that this subjects" increased oxygen-carrying capacity allowed them to run as much as 25% longer on a treadmill before reaching exhaustion. Blood doping was born. In 1984 U.S Olympic Cycling team coach Eddie Borysewicz set up a back-alley clinic in Los Angeles motel room. Four of the seven athletes who doped won medals. America hadn"t medaled in cycling since I912. Doping worked. It isn"t easy to nail blood dopers rich with their own blood, and doping, though illegal, will not be tested for in Sydney. HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE This and the related Insulin Growth Factor 1 will figure on the podium. Human growth hormone is a naturally occurring amino acid (氨基酸). It controls the release of IGF-1, which helps maintain growth rates from birth to adulthood. Genetically engineered hGH, available since 1985, was developed for people with growth-hormone deficiency, such as children with dwarfism. Athletes use the drug for the same reasons they use steroids, and the combo of hGH (bigger muscles) and testosterone (stronger muscles) is especially appealing. The drug form of hGH sneers at those who would seek it out: after injection, it has a half-life of only 17 to 45 minutes, so it flushes from the system in short order while its effects linger. Although it is a banned substance, it will not be tested for in Sydney. IGF-1 works by reducing protein breakdown and stimulating cell production. Studies in mice have shown that IGF-1 increased muscle strength up to 27%, and even at a cost of $3000 a month, what athlete doesn"t want to be Mighty Mouse? There"s no test yet to detect IGF-1. BLOOD SUBSTITUES They are the new wave. Blood substitutes, or artificial hemoglobins (血红蛋白), were designed to obviate (排除) the need for transfusions in surgery and help patients in hemorrhagic shock. Hemopure, the brand name of one substitute, contains no red cells but consists of ultrapurified, modified bovine hemoglobin suspended in a salt solution. Now in clinical trials in the U.S. it was fast-tracked for approval in South Africa and found its way to the black market. Canadian track coach Dan Pfaff recently told the Toronto Sun that he believes many athletes formerly on EPO have switched to undetectable Hemopure. A longtime observer of Olympic sport says, "Athletes are going to Hemopure, and they"re crazy. This new stuff-artificial bloods, tissue enhancers to increase oxygen profusion in the tissue—some of it can short out your system drastically. You OD on(=take an overdose of) some of this stuff, you"re dead."

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