填空题______changedthespeaker'sfamilyfortunesdrasticallyinhischildhood.

填空题has been broadly characterized by its openness to trade and foreign investment? 71. ______ has a strong link with the U. S. economy? 72. ______ was severely impaired in its economy by the crisis in and beyond Southeast Asia? 73. ______ called for reform in economic and financial structures, which was particularly true during the crisis in South-east Asia? 74. ______ has strengthened links with the Southern part of China? 75. ______ wants to lower inter-provincial trade barriers to strengthen internal deregulation? 76. ______ is the one where the lack of stability in economy, society and politics blocked its economic development? 77. ______ was a special Administrative Region within one country with a high degree of autonomy? 78. ______ takes advantage of market both at home and abroad? 79. ______ is a very liberal WTO member or actively involved in the work in WTO? 80. ______ Indonesia The period under review (1994～1998) has been one of great contrast for Indonesian. After three decades of continuous growth fostered by political, social and macro-economic stability, the Asian economic crisis of 1997 has sown the seeds of major change in Indonesia's economy and political system. The crisis and the subsequent fall in GDP, the largest among ASEAN countries, revealed underlying weaknesses in Indonesia's economic and financial structures, which prompted calls for reform. Trade and foreign direct investment have been at the heart of Indonesia's economic policy. In the face of the recent economic crisis, the Government undertook to accelerate the pace of reforms and to remove many remaining restrictions on domestic and international trade. From 1994 to 1996, real GDP grew on average by 8% annually. Although economic activity started to decelerate in the second half of 1996, the financial crisis of 1997 trans- formed a soft landing of the Indonesian economic into a serious recession. Indonesia's international trade has also been severely affected by the recession in the country and elsewhere in Asia. Imports, which increased by nearly 27% in 1995, declined by 3% in U. S. dollar value in 1997 before failing by 30% in the first quarter of 1998. Exports a major element that could have stimulated activity in current circumstances, have fallen (in value terms) as a result of the slump in demand elsewhere in Asia. The causes of the financial and currency turmoil are multiple and complex. External factors, such as the withdrawal of international investors from Asia in the wake of the Thai, Philippines and Korean Crisis, were compounded by internal developments, particularly growing uncertainty about economic, social and political stability in Indonesia. Hong Kong The period under review (1994～1995) was marked by two main events. The first was Hong Kong's reversion to the People's Republic of China, on 1 July 1997, and its designation as a Special Administrative Region (SAR) with a high degree of autonomy with regard to economic (and most other) policies under the "one country, two systems" framework established in accordance with the Basic Law. Hong Kong is one of, if not the most liberal among WTO members. There is no indication that Hong Kong's traditional openness to trade and foreign investment has been affected by reunification, and as such, the present economic regime may be broadly characterized as "business as usual". The second main event during the review period was the outbreak of the economic crisis in Thailand in July 1997 and its spread to other countries in and beyond South East Asia. The crisis, and the associated drop in demand throughout the region, has seriously impaired Hong Kong's economic performance since the third quarter of 1997, causing a dramatic slowdown in economic activity. Nor, it would appear, has the Government attempted to influence the long-run structural evolution of Hong Kong's economy during the period under review. One of the main features of this evolution has been the increasingly closer links with the fast-developing adjacent region of South China. In response to domestic calls for the Government to take action in order to alleviate, if not reverse, the recent slow-down in economic growth and the consequent rise in unemployment, in June 1998 the Government introduced a package of relief measures. Apart from the implementation of a few "emergency" measures, the authorities have largely refrained from interfering with the normal functioning of the free-market system. Canada Canada has continued to pursue an outward-oriented strategy that, combined with prudent micro-economic policies, has been integral to a recent strong growth performance. Over the last two years, Canada has participated in regional and multilateral initiatives that have further liberalized its generally open economy. It has also demonstrated its commitment to a strong multilateral trading system through an active and constructive participation in all aspects of work in the WTO. Domestic initiatives to lower interprovincial trade barriers, and move forward internal deregulation, enhance transparency, and rationalize the import regime have helped Canadian producers to adapt to the challenges, and to take advantage of the opportunities resulting from greater market access both at home and abroad. Economic activity has reflected strong private consumption and investment. Developments in the past two years have confirmed trade as a major determinant of Canada's economic performance. Exports continued to benefit from the United States' cyclical lead, supported by efficiency gains in the Canadian economy. The U. S. share in Canadian trade has risen further, to some 83% of merchandise exports and 67% of imports. Canada's aggregate output thus remains exposed to slower growth in the United States. The financial crisis in Asia has had so far a limited impact on Canada's overall economic growth, as only 8% of Canadian exports are destined for that region. Nevertheless, the crisis has been felt distinctively in western Canada and, if protracted, could have significant indirect effects on the economy as a whole.

填空题A=Audi A3 B=Honda Civic C=Rover 200 D=Toyota Camry Hybrid Which car... ·has a driver seat that can be adjusted to fit most people? 71. ______ ·offers a poor view even when the mirrors are used? 72. ______ ·could be considered a bargain even at its retail price? 73. ______ ·has a convenient way to extend the space for suitcases? 74. ______ ·uses the same gas/electric system as the Prius and Highlander Hybrid SUV? 75. ______ ·offers the most easily tuned radio? 76. ______ ·would remain silent in the event of theft? 77. ______ ·allows easy access to the back seats? 78. ______ ·has the best engine design in terms of saving money? 79. ______ ·has its handbook criticized? 80. ______ A Most of our drivers said the A3 was their definite favourite in this group. They described it as refined and comfortable with good handing characteristics and light, precise steering. All the seats were comfortable and the front ones were easy to adjust. Most drivers liked the driving position, helped by a good range of steering wheel and seat height adjustments. The main instruments were clear and dashboard controls were well positioned. Mirror coverage was excellent but our drivers complained that the view out of the rear was badly hindered by the high rear window line and thick pillars. Getting into the back seats was easy, thanks to a clever seat mechanism, which moves the seat up and forward as well as tilting the backrest. Rear legroom was reasonable but the rear seat was only barely wide enough for three adults. Luggage space was average for this class of car but you have to remove the rear head restraints to fold the rear seat. There were plenty of useful interior storage spaces. All A3s come with an alarm and immobilizer as standard. Our 'thief' got in through the doors in 20 seconds, but the radio was a non-standard fit, which is probably to deter thieves. The hinges of the rear seats could release in an accident, allowing luggage to crash through into the passenger compartment. Also, the driver's knees could be damaged by stiff structures under the dash. Some parts of the fuel system and electrics would be vulnerable to damage in a frontal collision. B Honda says its special VTEC engine has a winning combination of economy and performance, But our drivers found it a bit of a curate's egg. It was the most economical of the cars on test, But drivers found it sluggish at low revs, and its acceleration in the fifth gear was slow, so overtaking normally meant having to shift down to the fourth gear. The driving position was acceptable, but our panel criticized the restricted rear visibility—the rear window was quite small. Drivers found the back rest supportive but it was not available to make fine adjustments to the angle. The ride comfort was acceptable, But it wasn't as good as the Audi's or Rover's. The driver's seat didn't slide forward when it was tilted, making rear access awkwardly from this side. In the back, headroom and legroom was excellent but testers didn't find the seats particularly comfortable. The luggage space was small for this class of car, especially with the rear seats in place. However, folding the rear seat to increase luggage space was easy. Other points proved by our panel included well-placed minor controls, good mirror coverage, But fiddly radio controls. All Civics come with an immoblizer but no alarm. You may want to consider paying extra for an alarm, as our 'thief' broke into through the doors in 13 seconds, and into the engine bay in just five seconds. There were stiff structures under the dash which could damage the driver's knees in an accident, though there was no problem on the passenger's side. The handbook(like the Audi's) provided suggestion on using child restraints. C The 1.6-1itre engine had good power delivery at both high and low revs but some drivers complained that it was noisy at high revs. The brakes didn't have very good progression, But drivers like their positive feel. Ride comfort and the handling were recommended. But drivers found it difficult to achieve a comfortable driving position. The driver's seat was not height-adjustable, and there was only limited space to rest your clutch foot. Some testers also found the seat backrest uncomfortable. Visibility was barried by the small mirrors. The rear view was also restricted by thick pillars and the small rear window. Getting into the back was tricky because the front seats did not slide forward when tilted. Once in the back, legroom and headroom were poor, and testers complained that their rear seat base was unsupportive. Luggage space was smaller than average for this class of car—this was compounded by a high boot sill and difficulties in folding the rear seat. But there were large pockets in the doors and rear side panels. The main radio controls were more convenient; they were mounted on the steering wheel so drivers didn't have to take their hands off the wheel to use them. Our Rover 200s came with an alarm, though this isn't standard on all versions. Our 'thief' broke in through the doors in 15 seconds. Some of the electrics would be vulnerable in a frontal impact. The rear seat hinges could release in an accident, allowing luggage to crash through into the passenger compartment. Also, information in the handbook on using child restrains was not adequate. D At some point, most everything gets discounted, the regular retail price slashed and likely noted with oversized red numerals and exclamation marks. In early spring, there are sales to clear out excess snow shovels and discounts on lawn furniture to get a head start on the upcoming summer season, which itself follows with selling bonanzas showcasing air conditioners and swimming apparel, or maybe 2-for-1 tickets to the local amusement park. Through it all, car manufacturers and dealers are offering every incentive under the sun to move the metal, an exercise that is becoming increasingly difficult because of one commodity's unwillingness to decrease in price more than a few pennies every now and again. Gasoline never goes on sale, much to the disdain of SUV, truck, and large sedan-selling dealers everywhere. Unless, of course, they operate under a Toyota sign, which means that sitting next to the VS-powered, four-wheel-drive Tundra pickup is a 2007 Canary Hybrid, a midsize sedan that gets an EPA-estimated 40 mpg in the city, and at just under $31,000 fully loaded, could be considered a bargain even at its retail price. Power for the 192-horsepower 2007 Toyota Carmy Hybrid comes from the company's Hybrid Synergy Drive, the same gas/electric system used in the Prius and Highlander Hybrid SUV. In the Camry version, that includes a 2.4 liter, dual overhead cam, 16-valve four-cylinder engine with variable valve timing. Engine output measures 147 horsepower at 6, 000 rpm and 138 lb. -ft. of torque at 4, 400 rpm, with the hybrid's electric motor tacking on about 45 horsepower and 199 1b. -ft. of torque available from 0-1,500 rpm.

填空题 No one had ever believed him, that one summer evening he had wandered on to the docks, under the legs of the biggest crane, and climbed the steel ladder, up, up, and up into the swaying heights of the counterweights and control house. The view over the city had been inspiring — the smoking derelict docklands, with miles of kingfisher — walled warehouses; the sun-tinted towers of distant churches; the cars, like insects, creeping one after the other along expressway. Clinging to the drifting girders, he felt like the most successful man in the world. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} It was so perfect that he could do it. He stood up, balancing against the breeze, feeling on top of the world. Slowly he raised his hands above his head, cast a glance upwards into the icy sky, then, just before he lost his balance, he chose to rise on tiptoe and launch himself into a taut dive. He tipped off the jib and began to tilt through the sunset. The sound which came from him was an involuntary shrink of pure joy—he cared neither if he lived nor if he died. His body, pointed like a shuttle, wove a slow circle through the air, hurtling ever downwards to the peaky grey surface. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} The shock of the water stopping his flight, and of the vicious cold, prevented him from realising immediately that he was still alive. His clothing dragged in the dark water and he started to fight his way upward to the dull light above. Disbelieving and stunned, he gasped as he broke the surface, returning to an almost unchanged peachy evening. The impetus of his dive still with him, he floundered in his shoes and jacket to the nearest quayside ladder and clambered up the vertical green wall. Once on the quay, he squeezed the edges of his jacket and emptied his shoes. He looked up to the monstrous structure towering above him and scarcely believed that he'd actually dived from that threadlike piece of lattice-work. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} Consequently, when he told anyone he'd dived off the biggest of the dockland cranes into the Clyde, and just for fun, no one believed him. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} But this time he was afraid. The metal seemed hostile as he hand-over handed his way up. The evening was still and thundery He had to get it over. Below, the river lay like sheet steel. The angle of the jib was changed automatically along the arm until he reached the end. He could barely make out their pinpoint pale faces, upturned. He just wanted to get it over. Careless, he repeated the movements of the first time, toppling headfirst towards the grey below. He felt no inclination to make a sound, not even when he realized there was no reflection expanding to meet him. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} Two weeks later, a fifteen-foot fence with angled rows of barbed wire at the top prevented further unauthorised access to the crane. A. His last thought was, "They'll still never believe me, damn it." B. He crawled, monkey-fashion along the steel lacework of the jib until he crouched, hundreds of feet up, above the wrinkling khaki river. A flock of sunstruck pigeons whorled in harmony around the control house roof. C. So, tonight, he'd told them to come and watch him do it again. D. Yet, he was certainly soaking and he remembered the exhilaration of his descent. He looked around to see if there had been any witnesses to his dive. The docks remained silent and deserted as rustcoloured sunlight flooded the area. E. By chance, his dive had him angled perfectly to enter the water with a splashless "gulp" at some dangerously high speed. E He took a last look at the city where he had lived more than 20 years.

填空题What has the telephone done to us, or for us, in the hundred years of its existence? A few effects suggest themselves at once. It has saved lives 1 getting rapid word of illness, injury, or fire 2 remote places. By joining with the elevator to make 3 the multi-story residence or office building, it has made possible— 4 better or worse—the modern city. By bringing 5 a great leap in the speed and ease with which information moves from place to place, it has greatly accelerated the 6 of scientific and technological changes and growth 7 industry. Beyond doubt it has seriously weakened, 8 not killed, the ancient art of letter writing. It has made living alone possible for persons 9 normal social impulses; by so doing, it has played a role in one of the greatest social 10 of this country, the breakup of the multi-generational household. It has made the war chillingly more efficient than formerly. Perhaps, though not 11 , it has prevented wars that might have arisen out of international misunderstanding caused by 12 communication. Or perhaps—again not probably—by magnifying and extending irrational personal conflict based 13 voice contact, it has caused wars. Certainly it has extended the scope of human 14 , since it impartially disseminates the useful knowledge of scientists and the nonsense 15 the ignorant, the affection of the affectionate and the malice of the malicious.

填空题tells readers it doesn't follow that those who don't have good academic achievement will not make a fortune?

填空题Anthropologists have divided prehistoric North America Indian societies into three categories: bands, tribes, and chiefdoms. Bands were the earliest and most common form of social organization. However, it is unlikely that the first people who came to North America about forty thousand years ago traveled in bands. The climate in the Bering Strait region was so severe and food was so scarce that large groups of people, such as the bands, would have had great difficulty in making such a journey successfully. The earliest people probably traveled in single family units. Some of the units, however, may have gathered together periodically for social reasons. (66) Whatever the beginning of the bands in the New World, this form of organization was very common after the initial settlement of the continent. Bands flourished throughout North America until the time of European colonization. In many areas, they survived long after the arrival of the Europeans. When English, Dutch, and Swedish colonists met Indians along the eastern seaboard, they met representatives of band groups. Contacts with band groups were also made by the Spanish along the Gulf Coast and the Pacific Coast and by the French in southern Canada and other parts of North America. (57) The population of a band typically varied from about thirty people to approximately one hundred, although some bands may have been larger. Every band needed a large amount of land for its subsistence. In fact, a band's survival depended upon having at least one square mile of territory for each member of the group. The bands needed such large areas of land because they obtained food by hunting and gathering. Few places on earth provide luxuriant sources of food for man. In most case, if he does not farm, man requires at least a square mile of territory from which he can get food, simply in order to survive. The members of the band groups were equal. The only distinctions among band members were those of sex and age. And while these distinctions were important, they did not affect a person's social status. All men performed one set of tasks, and all women another. Basically, men hunted game, and women gathered and prepared food. Each adult was expected to make the tools he needed to perform his work. Time was so precious and the need for food was so great that no band could afford the luxury of a specialist such as a toolmaker. There was no concept of property ownership in the band. Band members were expected to share their goods. And they felt that the earth belonged to all men equally; no one had the right to own a portion of it all by himself. (68) All societies are forced to make decisions. Band groups ordinarily made unanimous decisions. If someone in a band disagreed with his fellow members, he was usually warned to conform. If he persisted in his opposition, punishment would probably follow. Band groups were in many respects extremely conservative organizations. They did not change or accept change readily. (69) Another characteristic of most of the bands was that the men continued to live with their original band group after they reached maturity. Women, on the other hand, were expected to marry men from other bands and to move to the band group of their husbands. (70) Another reason for exogamy may have been the division of labor that was characteristic of all of the bands. As you have read, the male members of the bands ordinarily hunted game for food. In order to track a large animal, kill it, and carry it back to the rest of the band, the hunters had to have thorough knowledge of local territory and terrain. They also needed to develop teamwork. For these reasons it was essential that men remain with their original bands. A. Usually only one group member was thought to have special power. He was the medicine man, known to anthropologists as the shaman. This individual was thought to have the power to heal and to cure, the power to predict future events, and the ability to interpret the meanings of events. In band groups a member became a shaman simply by persuading others that he actually did possess such powers. B. The bands were widely scattered throughout the North American continent. Because each group was forced to adapt its life style to the local environment, there was a great deal of diversity among them. Nevertheless, several characteristics were shared by all of the different bands. C. It seems likely that true band organization did not evolve until a significant number of family units reached the America. No doubt the increased food resources south of the Bering Strait helped to make band organization possible. In what is now the United States, for example, vegetables, fruits, and game were far more abundant than in the Arctic. Here several families, not just one, could make use of the food resources of a given land area. D. There are several possible reasons for these marriage customs. First, most band groups were so small that almost all members of the group were closely related. The practice of marrying outside the group, or exogamy, prevented incest. Second, and equally important, this practice encouraged peaceful relations among neighboring groups. Bands were less likely to settle their disputes by violence when they knew that they would be battling their own relatives. E. In summary, the band was a group which hunted game and gathered food but did not farm. The band's small population lived in a large territorial area. Band groups had no specialists and no social classes. Their leaders had no real power. All members were regarded as equal. There was no concept of property ownership. The division of labor between men and women did not confer a difference in status. F. Many bands had leaders, hut the power of their leaders was far from absolute. Band leaders did not rule, and they did not administer justice. Among the Crow Indians, for example, the leader's main functions were to supervise the annual buffalo hunt and to inform the other band members of important news. His authority Was minimal.

填空题 This book is an invitation to share the experiences of people{{U}} (31) {{/U}}like you, learn a new language or come to live in a culture different from the{{U}} (32) {{/U}}they grew up in. We hope{{U}} (33) {{/U}}the experience of reading the stories in this book will be a pleasure for you. Reading literature in a language{{U}} (34) {{/U}}is not your native one is more likely to be a pleasant experience if you first read the text through without stopping{{U}} (35) {{/U}}understand the meaning of every word. Words only have meaning{{U}} (36) {{/U}}they are used with{{U}} (37) {{/U}}words. Most of the words in these stories are used in context which makes their meanings{{U}} (38) {{/U}}clear as they need to be for the stories to make{{U}} (39) {{/U}}. So don't let an unfamiliar word stop you the first time you{{U}} (40) {{/U}}it; read on. There will be time later to pay attention to the word. (41) you stop when you see it the first time, you may lose interest in the story. Reading these stories is rather{{U}} (42) {{/U}}taking an automobile trip. Once you' re on a trip, you watch{{U}} (43) {{/U}}signs that tell you that you' re going{{U}} (44) {{/U}}the right direction.{{U}} (45) {{/U}}if you stop too many times to ask for directions on the trip, you aren't likely to go very far.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}, you put your trust in the road signs and continue. Then you{{U}} (47) {{/U}}enjoy the sights you see or the feeling and ideas that occur to you at the time.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}, you think back over your trip, tell other people about{{U}} (49) {{/U}}you noticed, discover what others may{{U}} (50) {{/U}}observed, and find out about things you wondered about. If you really like the trip, you may decide to take it again.

填空题· places an stress on something that can hardly be learnt at school?

填空题

填空题USAID will strengthen women's ability to resist HIV/AIDS.

填空题Intelligence tests have been constructed of three kinds. Verbal paper-and-pencil tests, 1 paper-and-pencil tests, where the tasks are presented by means of pictures and diagrams, and performance tests 2 require the manipulation of objects. Some, such as the Binet test and the performance tests, are given to subjects 3 ; most verbal and non-verbal tests can be 4 by a group of subjects writing at the same time. The 5 are told to do their tasks within a certain time, their results are 6 and the result of each is compared with a scale indicating what may be expected 7 children of the same age, i. e. what marks are 8 of the relatively few bright ones, what marks are expected of the few 9 ones, and what marks are expected of the bulk of the population with whom the comparison is being 10 . This "calibration" of the test has been made beforehand and we are not concerned with the methods employed. One thing, 11 , we have to notice, and that is that the assessment of the Intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair. The results of assessment are expressed in various 12 , the most familiar 13 in terms of what is called the Intelligence 14 . For our purposes we need not consider how this has been devised; it is enough to say that an I. Q. round about 100 is "average", while more than 105 or less than 95 are above or below the 15 respectively.

填空题 In 1970, Roosevelt appointed an Inland Waterways Commission to study the relation of rivers, soil, and forest, waterpower development and water transportation. Out of the recommendations of this Commission grew the plan for a national conservation conference, which focused the nation's attention upon the need for conservation. The commission's declaration of principles stressed the conservation of forests, water and minerals, and addressed itself to the problems of soil erosion and irrigation. Its recommendations included the regulation of timber-cutting on private lands, the improvement of navigable streams, and the conservation of watersheds. As a result, many states established conservation commissions, and, in 1909, a National Conservation Association was formed to educate the public on the subject. In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, authorizing the creation of a number of large dams and reservoirs. Roosevelt's popularity was at its peak as the campaign of 1908 neared, but he was unwilling to break the tradition by which no President had held office for more than two terms. Instead, he supported William Howard Taft, who won the election and sought to continue the Rooseveltian program. Taft made some forward steps. He continued the prosecution of trusts, further strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission, established a postal-savings bank and a parcel-post system, expanded the civil service, and sponsored the enactment of two amendments to be Constitution. The Sixteenth Amendment authorized a federal income tax; the Seventeenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, substituted the direct election of Senators by the people for the requirement that they be elected by state legislatures. Yet, balanced against these achievements was Taft's acceptance of a tariff with protective schedules that outraged liberal opinion; his opposition to the entry of the state of Arizona into the Union because of its liberal constitution; and his growing reliance on the ultraconservative wing of his party. By 1910 Taft's party was divided, and an overwhelming vote swept the Democrats back into control of Congress. Two years later, Woodrow Wilson, governor of the state of New Jersey, campaigned against Taft, the Republican candidate, and against Roosevelt who, rejected as a candidate by the Republican convention, had organized a third party, the Progressives. Wilson, in a spirited campaign, defeated both rivals. Under his leadership the new Congress proceeded to put through one of the most notable legislative programs in American history, Its first task was tariff revision. "The tariff duties must be altered," Wilson said. "We must abolish everything that bears any semblance of privilege." The Underwood tariff, signed on October 3, 1913, provided substantial rate reductions on importance raw materials and foodstuffs, cotton and woolen goods, iron and steel, and it removed the duties from more than a hundred other items. Although the act retained many. protective features, it was a genuine attempt to lower the cost of living. The second item on the Democratic program was a long-over-due, thorough reorganization of the inflexible banking and currency system, which had limped along on emergency currency issued by stopgap legislation. "Control," said Wilson, "must be public, not private, must be vested in the government itself, so that the banks may be the instruments, not the masters, of business and of individual enterprises." The Federal Reserve Act of December 23, 1913, satisfied Wilson's requirements. It imposed upon the existing banks a new organization that divided the country into 12 districts, with a Federal Reserve Bank in each, all supervised by a Federal Reserve Board. These banks were to serve as depositories for the cash reserves of those banks that joined the system. To assure greater flexibility in the money supply, provision was made for issuing federal reserve notes to meet business demands. The next important task was trust regulation and investigation of corporate abuses. Experience suggested a system of control similar to that of the Interstate Commerce Commission over the railways. A Federal Trade Commission was authorized to issue orders prohibiting "unfair methods of competition" by business concerns in interstate trade. A second law, the Clayton Antitrust Act, forbade many corporate practices that had thus far escaped specific condemnation—interlocking directorates, price discrimination among purchasers, and ownership by one corporation of stock in similar enterprises. Farmers and labor were not forgotten. A Federal Farm Loan Act made credit available to farmers at low rates of interest. One provision of the Clayton Act specifically prohibited use of the command in labor disputes. The Seamen's Act of 1915 provided for improving employees' living and working conditions on oceangoing vessels and on lake and river craft. The Federal Workingman's Compensation Act in 1916 authorized allowances to civil service employees for disabilities incurred at work. The Adamson Act of the same year established an eight-hour day for railroad labor. A=During Roosevelt's presidency B=During Taft's presidency C=During Wilson's presidency In whose presidency ... ·a national commission was organized to crack down on unfair competition in business and trade. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} ·the postal-savings bank was established. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} ·sailors' rights were protected by law. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} ·a national commission was established for the sake of conserving natural resources. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} ·it was ruled that Senators should be elected by people rather than by state legislatures. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} ·the power was transferred from Democrats to Republicans. {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}} ·the Reclamation Act was passed to authorize the construction of large dams and reservoirs. {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}} ·people's cost of living was lowered as a result of the reduction of taxes. {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}} ·the banking and currency system were reformed. {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}} ·the president could have held office for three terms. {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}

填空题A Henry James When he was growing up in New York, Henry was given a great deal of independence, so much in fact, that he felt isolated from other people. As a quiet child among exuberant brothers and cousins, Henry was more often an observer than a participant in their activities. When, as a young man, a back injury prevented his fighting in the Civil War, he felt even more excluded from the events of his time. While the adult Henry James developed many close friendships, he retained his attitude of observer, and devoted much of his life to solitary work on his writing. Henry's family lived for a time in Boston, where he became acquainted with New England authors and friends of his father, began his friendship with William Dean Howells, and attended Harvard Law School. After 1866, James lived in Europe much of the time and in 1875 decided to make it his permanent home. He lived in Paris for a year, where he met Turgenev, Flaubert, and Zola. The next year he settled in London and lived there and in the English countryside for the rest of his life. In 1915, a year before his death, to show his sup- port of England in World War Ⅰ, James became a British citizen.B Theodore Dreiser Born in small-town Indiana, Dreiser rebelled as a youth against the poverty and narrowness of the life around him. One of his high school teachers recognized his talent and paid his tuition at Indiana University. But Dreiser left college after a year because he felt it "did not concern ordinary life at all". He had various jobs in Chicago: washing dishes, shoveling coal, working in a factory, and collecting bills -- experiences which he later used in his writing. He taught himself to be a newspaper reporter and supported himself as a journalist and editor for many years while he was struggling to become recognized as a novelist. In what was almost a convention of naturalism, Dreiser's first novel was about a prostitute, but unlike Stephen Crane's Maggie, Dreiser's heroine prospers and flourishes. The end furnished a worse shock to Dreiser's readers than his choice of subject: Carrie is not only a rather improbable success on the musical comedy stage but one of her prosperous lovers, whom she has found useful in advancing her career, has suffered a reversal of fortune as startling as Carrie's. Readers in 1900 found the "punishment" of the lover peculiarly distasteful to their notions of justice; according to the prevailing double standard of sexual morality, the woman was supposed to be punished, not the man.C Carl Sandburg The polar opposite of R0binson, Carl Sandburg (1878--1967) played the part of the simple workman, down to the cloth cap which he often wore. Nevertheless, he was an artist with words. His language was more colloquial and his rhythms looser than Robinson's; yet he too knew tile value of form and poetic technique. As critic Louis Untermeyer puts it, there are "two Sandburgs: the muscular, heavy-fisted, hard-hitting son of the streets, and his almost unrecognizable twin, the shadow-painter, the haunter of mists, the lover of implications and overtones." Sandburg was born in Galesburg, Illinois, of Swedish immigrant parents. He did odd jobs, served in the Spanish American War, and worked his way through nearly four years of college afterward. From 1910 to 1912 he acted as secretary for the first Socialist mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Not long afterward he attracted public notice with his increasingly powerful poetry, especially the poem, Chicago, and he gradually became able to give most of his time to his writing. He did some literary journalism; he wrote ballads and books for children, and tie continued with his serious poetry. And all the while, his interest in Abraham Lincoln as well as models for his characters. His father was a prosperous merchant; his mother had been a schoolteacher.D Sinclair Leis Sinclair Lewis (1885--1951) was born in the town of Sauk Center, Minnesota. He was graduated from Yale after several unhappy years there and then became a journalist and editor. His early writing was commercial and undistinguished. But when he published Main Street in 1920, he proved that he had become a very effective novelist. Main Street immediately captured America's attention, as did Scott Fitzgerald's very different This Side of Paradise, published in the same year. In his first important novel, Lewis established the methods and subject matter that would bring him world fame and eventually a Nobel Prize in Literature -- the first American author to be so honored. That is, he described daily life in America with such a sharp eye and ear that readers could easily recognize it as part of their own experience. But he did it with such an emphasis on the comic and ridiculous that he made his readers laugh, in spite of themselves, at some of the silliness of their country. Like the noted satirists of the past, he wanted to do more than amuse. He wanted to reform the America he pictured by skilfully arousing his readers' sympathies for the non-conformist in a conformist society. The heroine of Main Street is a rebellious young woman who struggles hard to bring culture to her dead little town, and we feel a wry regret when in the end she decides to conform.·died at the age of 89? (75) ·graduated from Yale after some unhappy years there? (76) ·described daily life in America and made his readers laugh at some silliness of their country? (77) ·made Europe his permanent home? (78) ·wrote his first novel about a prostitute? (79) ·was usually too shy to take part in his brothers' activities when he was young? (80) ·died in England? (81) ·was a journalist and editor before being recognized as a novelist? (82) ·was a Swedish-born American? (83) ·wrote children's books? (84)

填空题Confucianism has its greatest effect among European countries in

填空题Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be required more than once. A=Nokia B=Ericsson C=Philips D=Siemens E=Motorola Which mobile phone(s) ... · has a small and complex keyboard and screen? 21. ______ · has combined handwriting and keying? 22. ______ · can recognize voices? 23. ______ · has a voice dial tag? 24. ______ · has a pen which can write in the air? 25. ______ · might carry out financial transactions? 26. ______ · are working on dual slot phones? 27. ______ 28. ______ · can be connected to your home by a saying'Home'? 29. ______ · is both a phone and personal digital assistant? 30. ______ Once the exclusive domain of executives with expense accounts, the mobile phone is set to become one of the central technologies of the 21st century. Within a few years, the mobile phone will evolve from a voice-only device to a multi-functional communicator capable of transmitting and receiving not only sound, but video, still images, data and text. A whole new era of personal communication is on the way. Thanks in part to the growth of wireless networks, the telephone is converging with the personal computer and the television. Soon lightweight phones outfitted with high-resolution screens -which can be embedded in everything from wristwatches to palm-held units -will be connected to series of low orbit satellites enabling people to talk, send and receive e-mail, or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. These phones might also absorb many of the key functions of the desktop computer. Mobile devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new personalized services that are becoming available via the Internet, such as trading stocks, gambling, shopping and buying theater and airline tickets. The communications revolution is already taking shape around the globe. In Europe, small-scale trials are under way using mobile phones for electronic commerce. For example, most phones contain a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card that serves primarily to identify a user to the phone network. But the card could also facilitate limited financial transactions. Deutsche Bank and Nokia, for example, are working together to develop mobile banking services. Some manufacturers plan to upgrade the SIM card to an all-in-one personal identification and credit card. Another approach is to add a slot to mobile phones for a second smart card designed specifically for mobile e-commerce. These cards could be used to make payments over the Internet or removed from the phone for use in point-of-sale terminals to pay for things like public transportation, movie tickets or a round of drinks at the bar. In France, Motorola is currently testing a dual slot phone, the StarTACD, in a trial with France Telecom, while in Finland Nokia is testing a phone that uses a special plug-in reader for a tiny smart card. Siemens is pursuing a different approach. Since it is not yet clear whether it's best to do everything with a single device, Siemens is developing dual slot phones and Einstein, a device equipped with a smart card reader and keypad that can be linked to the phone via infrared wireless technology. For those who want to, though, it will be possible to receive almost all forms of electronic communication through a single device, most likely a three-in-one phone that serves as a cordless at home, a cell phone on the road and an intercom at work. "The mobile phone will become increasingly multifunctional," says Burghardt Schallenberger, vice president for technology and innovation at Siemens Information and Consumer Products in Munich, "and fingerprint technology or advanced speech recognition will ensure that only one or two authorized users will be able to operate it." New hybrid devices, such as Nokia's 9110 Communicator, a combination phone and personal digital assistant (P.D.A.), are already on the market. But some customers feel the keyboard and screen are too small and complex for comfort. To get around these problems, Nokia's 7110 mobile phone has a larger screen and is operated by a tracking ball in addition to a keyboard. The phone has found a ready market among young people, who tend to send more text messages than they make mobile phone calls not surprising given the fact that text is approximately a tenth as costly as voice. The Nokia 7110 also offers Internet access via Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), an open standard that allows streamlined versions of website contents to be displayed on mobile phone screens. Phones equipped -with WAP enable people on the move to access basic information such as news services, stock prices and flight timetables from specially -"cut-down" sites. For some, any device that bridges the gap between handwriting and keying in text will be a world-beater. Ericsson is researching a "smart quill" pen that could do just that. Though the smart quill looks like any other pen, it permits writers to write on any surface -or even in the air -while a microchip in the tip of the pen records the shape of the scribblings and transmits them to a remote PC, where special software converts them into normal text. Could this mean the end of typing? Not yet. Ericsson cannot say when a prototype will be ready. Keyboards might eventually be unnecessary on mobile handsets if speech recognition software continues to improve. Mobile phones might then be reduced to a few computer chips, a microphone and a receiver embedded in an earring. The Philips Genie, a lightweight mobile phone, can be operated by uttering a single word. When you type a name into the Genie's keypad, the system asks whether you would like to assign a voice-dial tag to that name. Through a series of yes or no prompts, the Genie compiles a list of up to 10 voice tags. The next time you want to call a person listed as one of these tags, just say that person's name or a relevant code word. The word home, for example, is sufficient to place a call to your family.

填空题In the past eight years USAID has experimented with and improved various methods to slow the spread of HIV/AIDS.

填空题Text 2 "Internet" has created a new vocabulary that has come to represent a historical era of change. Ask John Morse, publisher of Merriam-Webster Dictionaries, to name the word that defines the close of the millennium and he doesn't hesitate: "Internet". "No other word has become part of people's lives so quickly or has had such an impact," he says. The Internet has swept into the American vocabulary and given birth to so many new words and phrases — "netizen," "chatroom" and "homepage" among them — that it has come to represent an era in social history, he says. And remarkably, "Internet" has managed to become the most significant word of the century in less than a decade. "We first started seeing a number of citations in 1994, and by 1998 it was established in the dictionary," Morse says, "It was just astounding. No other new word has gained such widespread acceptance so quickly," he says. Just a century ago, another form of communication swept into the language. In the 1898 edition of "Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary," the hot new word was "telephone". "It brought massive social change and reshaped the way people did business, just as the Internet is doing today," Mores says. "Telephone" was no easy linguistic act to follow. It helped bring into popular usage a wide range of new words and phrases — busy signals, wrong numbers, voice mail, cell phones. It also gave the United States its standard greeting: Hello. But "Internet" is holding its own, in part by borrowing words from older technologies and giving them new meaning, such as "bookmark," "copy" and "browser." "That is how vocabulary evolves," Mores says. "It's human nature to make the concept easier to understand by using a familiar, in this case print-based, metaphor." Allan Metcalf, a professor at MacMurray College in Illinois, helps put together a list of words of the year for the American Dialect Society. He says the word "Internet" is a strong candidate to define the end of the century, but he has another preference: words with the prefix e-, as "e-mail" or "e-commerce." "It has a little more impact and it conveys attitudes," Metcalf says. At Merriam, new words earn a place in the dictionary simply by repeated use in popular press. Merriam's lexicographers append a large part of their day reading newspapers, magazines, and now Internet publications. Each new word — along with a copy from the publication showing how it was used — goes into an electronic database.