填空题66. __________. Demand theory is based on a simply generalization about customer behavior that has been observed for centuries, that almost people would regard as "common sense". Generally speaking, if a good or service becomes more expensive, consumers are less likely to buy it. So, the price of oil more than doubled in 1999, the demand for oil would fall. How much did the demand for oil fall would depend on the elasticity of the demand for oil. Economists describe the demand for oil response as relatively inelastic. So, the fall was not large.67. __________. A substantial rise in the price of oil would affect the demand for oil tankers and coal in 1999.68. __________. The use of coal is the same as oil. When file price of oil rises, fewer people will use oil and more people will use coal. In Economics, coal is a substitute good of oil, the price of oil rises, and the demand for oil falls, the demand for coal increases. As the demand for coal is related to the demand for oil, therefore, a constriction in the demand for oil will mean that the demand for coal will shift to a rise. The increase in demand is shown by demand rising from oil to coal. So, the demand for coal increased in 1999.69. __________. Because the price of oil rose in 1999, refiner had to face a squeeze on profit margins. This made the costs of refining petrol increase. The costs of production increase will lead decrease on the supply for petrol. As the supply for petrol is related to the supply for oil, therefore, an extension in the supply for oil will mean that the supply for petrol will shift to a fall. This decrease in supply is shown by supply falling from Qs0 to Qs1 So, the supply for petrol decreased in 1999.70. __________. Because the price of oil rose in 1999, the supply for oil would raise. Nylon is joint of oil. So, the supply for oil raises the supply for nylon increases. As the supply for nylon is related to the supply for oil, therefore, an extension in the supply for oil will mean that the supply for nylon will shift to a rise. So the supply for nylon increased in 1999.A. The graph shows how the crude oil price has changed between 1994 and 1998. In general, the crude oil price rose up to the peak until 1997, at which point there was a sharp reduction in the crude oil price. Finally, we can summarize that the overall price, if crude oil dropped from over＄10 per barrel to almost ＄7 per barrel between 1994 and 1998. Market forces affected this.B. In 1999 the price of oil more than doubled. Discuss the effects of a substantial rise in the price of oil on the supply and demand for oil and other related products. This affected not only the demand and supply for oil, but also other related products.C. Because the price of oil rose in 1999, producing oil could get more profit. Therefore, some producers would switch from providing nuclear power to providing oil. This meant that more producers would produce oil. Oil becomes more attractive than nuclear power; this will lead decrease on the supply for nuclear power. As the supply for nuclear power is related to the supply for oil, therefore an extension in the supply for oil will mean that the supply will shift to a fall. So, the supply for nuclear power decreased in 1999.D. Supply theory tells us that profit enable producers to use less suitable resources to increase their supply of product. In 1999, the price of oil more than doubled, this meant that the oil producers could get more profit, so the supply would rise. This type of movement is known as an extension which leads to supply rising. How much did the supply for oil raise would depend on the elasticity of the supply for oil. The rule is that the steeper the curve, the more elastic the supply and vice versa. So, the supply for oil is elastic.E. A substantial rise in the price of oil would affect the supply for nuclear power, petrol and nylon.F. We know that oil tankers are used to transport oil. If the price of oil rises, fewer people buy oil. Therefore, less oil tankers are used to transport oil. In Economics, oil tankers are complementary goods of oil, the price of oil rises, and the demand for oil falls, the demand for oil tankers decrease. As the demand for oil tankers is related to the demand for oil, therefore, a constriction in the demand for oil will mean that the demand for oil tankers will shift to a fall. So the demand for oil tankers decreased in 1999.

填空题"Had a good flight?" the Chief asked. "A bit bumpy over the Azores," Hawthorne said. 1 this occasion he had not had time to 2 from his pale gray tropical suit; the summons had come to him 3 in Kingston and a car had met him at London Airport. He 4 as close to the steam 5 as he could, but sometimes he couldn"t 6 a shiver. "What"s that odd flower you"re 7 ?" Hawthorne had quite forgotten 8 . He put his hand up to his lapel. "It looks as though it had once been an orchid," the Chief said with disapproval. "Pan American gave it to us 9 our dinner last night," Hawthorne explained. He took out the limp mauve rag and put it in the ash-tray. "With your dinner? What an odd thing to do," the Chief said, "it can hardly have improved the meal. Personally I detest orchids. Decadent thing. There was someone, wasn"t there, who wore green 10 ?" "I only put it in my button-hole so as to clear the dinner-tray. There was so little room, with the hot-cakes and champagne and the sweet salad and the tomato soup and the chicken Maryland and ice-cream." "What a 11 mixture. You should travel BOAC." "You didn"t give me enough time, sir, to get a booking." "Well, the matter is rather urgent. You know our man in Havana has been turning 12 some pretty disquieting stuff 13 ." "He"s a good man," Hawthorne said. "I don"t deny it. I wish we 14 more like him. What I can"t understand is how the Americans have not tumbled to anything there." "Have you asked them, sir?" "Of course not. I don"t 15 their discretion." "Perhaps they don"t trust ours."

填空题An economist is someone who knows a lot about how goods and wealth are produced and used. Food, for (31) , is a kind of goods. Everyone eats food, but the average person does not think much (32) all the things that must happen before (33) appears on his plate. Another example is the paper this article is printed on. (34) started as wood on a tree very far from (35) . Men and machines made the wood (36) paper, which had to be packaged and carried (37) trucks and put into stores. At every step in the process people had to be paid for their work; money had to (38) used for buying and repairing the machines, and so on. Of course, everyone (39) had to make (40) , too. Even a very simple thing (41) a piece of paper has a long story (42) it. Economists try to understand how all the parts of the long story are related. (43) economist learns how to guess (44) will happen in the future, as (45) as goods and prices are concerned. If fruit growers in Florida lose part of their crops (46) of bad weather this month, what will happen to the (47) of oranges in New York two months from (48) ? If banks charge higher interest (49) loans to builders, how will that affect the cost of a new home? These are just a few of the questions economists learn how to (50) . Would you like to be an economist?

填空题The ocean bottom—a region nearly 2.5 times greater thanthe total land area of the earth—is a vast frontier that even todayis largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a centuryago, the deep-ocean floor was completely accessible, hidden (53) ______beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally withoutlight and subjected intense pressures hundreds of times greater (54) ______than at the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostileenvironment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remoteas the void of out space. (55) ______ Therefore researchers have been taking samples of (56) ______deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the firstdetailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did actually (57) ______start until 1968, with the beginning of the National ScienceFoundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Used techniques first developed for the offshore, oil and (58) ______gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger,was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surfaceand drill very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments (59) ______and rock from the ocean floor. The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowedgeologists to reconstruct that the planet looked like hundreds (60) ______of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probablylook like millions of years in the future. Today largely on thestrength of evidence gathered during the GlomarChallenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree with (61) ______the theories of plate construction and continental drift thatexplain many of the geological processes that shape on the (62) ______Earth.

填空题· will frustrate those who like to play sports game on computer just as they play in the reality?

填空题the climate affects the future sustainable agricultural development? 1 environmental control is related with the national revenues? 2 the environmental problems are not caused overnight? 3 a variety of species are on the decrease? 4 agriculture is also a factor for file degradation of environment? 5 pollution can be controlled by increasing the production cost of polluting goods? 6 The developing world is often regarded as having a high percentage of heavily polluting activities within its industrial sector. 7 substitutions in consumption, emission abatement and exposure avoid ance. 8 the degradation of environment causes the change of climate? 9 the approaches to research should be adjusted to the changing situation? 10 A BOOK 1 The book offers a comprehensive perspective on the consequences and possible policy solutions for climatic change as we move into the twenty-first century. It assesses the impact of potential future global climate change on agriculture and the need to sustain agricultural growth for economic development. The book begins by examining the role of international research institutions in overcoming environmental constraints on sustainable agricultural growth and economic development. The authors then discuss how agricultural research systems may be restructured to respond to global environmental problems such as climate change and loss of genetic diversity. The discussion then extends to consider environmental accounting and indexing, to illustrate how environmental quality can be included formally in measures of national income, social welfare and sustainability. The third part of the book focuses on the effects of and policy responses to climate change. Chapters in this part examine the effect of climate change on production, trade land use patterns and livelihoods. They consider impacts on the distribution of income between developed and developing countries remain a major economic activity. Authors take on an economy-wide perspective to draw lessons for agriculture, trade, land use and tax policy. B BOOK 2 The ozone layer is threatened by chemical emissions, the climate is endangered from fossil fuels and deforestation, and global biodiversity is being lost by reason of thousands of years of habitat conversions. Global environmental problems arise out of the accumulated impacts from many years" and many countries" economic development. In order to address these problems the states of the world must cooperate to manage their development processes together--this is what an international environmental agreement must do. But can the world"s countries cooperate successfully to manage global development? How should they manage it? Who should pay for the process, as well as for the underlying problems? This book presents an examination of both the problem and the process underlying international environmental lawmaking.- the recognition of international interdependence, the negotiation of international agreements and the evolution of international resource management. It examines the general problem of global resource management by means of general principles and case studies and by looking at how and why specific negotiations and agreements have failed to achieve their targets. The book is designed as an introductory text for those studying global environmental policy making and institution building. It will also be of interest to practitioners and policy makers and scholars in the areas of environmental economics and law. C BOOK 3 Industrialization to achieve economic development has resulted in global environmental degradation. While the impacts of industrial activity on the natural environment are a major concern in developed countries, much less is known about these impacts in developing countries. This source book identifies and quantifies the environmental consequences of industrial growth, and provides policy advice, including the use of clean technologies and environmentally sound production techniques, with special reference to the developing world. The developing world is often seen as having a high percentage of heavily polluting activities within its industrial sector. This, combined with a substantial agricultural sector, which contributes to deforestation, the erosion of the top soil and desertification, has led to extreme pressures on the environment and impoverishes the population by destroying its natural resource base. This crisis suggests that sound industrialization policies are of paramount importance in developing countries" economic development, and calls for the management of natural resources and the adoption of low-waste of environmentally clean technologies. The authors consider the industrial sector as a pollutant vis-a-vis other sectors of the economy, and then focus on some industry-specific pollutants within the manufacturing sector and some process-specific industrial pollutants. They conclude by reviewing the economic implications of promoting environmentally sound industrial development, specifically addressing the question of the conflict or complementarity which may exist between environmental goods and industrial production. D BOOK 4 This is an important book which presents new concepts of the marginal cost of substituting non-pollutive for pollutive goods. Technical in its approach it complements the other literature in the field and will be a significant contribution to the understanding of microeconomic issues in pollution control. The book focuses on three main concepts- substitutions in consumption, emission abatement and exposure avoidance. The first part considers the adjustment of the scope and combination of goods produced as a method for controlling pollution. The author argues that pollution is controlled by increasing the relative price of the polluting goods in the production process; thereby reducing demand and subsequent production of the goods. In the second part, the discussion is extended to include the possibilities of preventing or abating emissions in relation to three models.- first, pollution prevention when non-polluting inputs and processes are substituted for pollutants; second, when a proportion of the polluting output is recycled rather than being discarded; and finally end-of-pipe abatement where additional technology is used. In conclusion the author assesses the extent to which pollution damage is controlled by avoidance of emissions, with avoidance being modeled as an add-on technology with its own returns to scale.

填空题 If going to work feels more like torture, and fatigue, depression and irritation are daily aspects of your life, job burnout may be to blame. Too much office stress is putting a major strain on many professionals, according to Clare Chen, an analyst at Hudson Recruitment, a Nasdaq-listed headhunting firm. Along with booming business expansion and fast social transition, job burnout is pervasive in the Chinese mainland. In April, Hudson Recruitment surveyed 705 multinational companies in China--mostly based in Shanghai--about their hiring plans and employees. The survey showed that 33 per cent of survey participants believe job burnout is getting more and more serious in the mainland. Last year, about 27 per cent of respondents complained of being overworked. 66. ______. The survey also indicates that practitioners in media, public relations, advertising, medical and biotechnology sectors are among the biggest sufferers of job burnout, as they not only work long hours but face pressures of stiffening job competition and constantly staying abreast of changes in their sectors. Meanwhile, women employees suffer more than their male counterparts, as 41.4 per cent of the women surveyed report they are in a state of moderate job burnout, compared with 37.2 per cent of men. Most people start feeling the most office stress after working for four years, which is much shorter than 10 years in the late 1990s, the chinahrd, net survey says. 67. ______. Turning down these extra hours is not a good career move, Zhang says. "If you refuse overtime, someone will do it and replace you," he says. However, Hudson's report finds that a shortage of suitable talent is one of the reasons for increasing job burnout. 68. ______. Internal competition for promotions, problems between colleagues, and work and life imbalances all contribute to psychological tension, which may result in accident or collapse, says Xu. "High-pressure work environments are taking their toll on workers' morale," says Gary Lazzarotto, CEO of Hudson Asia. "This can be detrimental to both workers, whose health and career progress may suffer, and employers, who pick up the tab in higher insurance costs and lost productivity." 69. ______. Furthermore, allowing time off for training will help facilitate employees' know/edge and offer a cushion for intense work. France-based Schneider Electric invited IBM and Tsinghua University to formulate a leadership development programme for its managerial-level talents in China. The one-year programme will offer e-learning, classroom workshops, professional discussions and courses for 36 trainees selected from its China branch. It uses a model that combines academic training and business practices together, according to Amy Kan, a human resources director of Schneider Electric China. 70. ______. Xu offers some advice for the job burnout employees: 1. Organize and prioritize by taking care of the more difficult and important tasks early in the day. 2. Have expectations so that you can achieve your goals and deliver on promises to others. 3. Set aside a period of time dedicated to responding to e-mail and voicemails. 4. Take care of yourself. A. Hudson's Chen says there are many factors contributing to the office stress. "Amid the fierce competition in the human resources (HR) market, employers have to work longer to cope with heavy workloads, receive last-minute missions constantly and are faced with work performance appraisals by bosses," says Chen. Zhang Xing, a consultant at a PR company, usually works 10 hours a day. But there are times when he works more than 12 hours a day, and Saturdays and Sundays sometimes become working days. B. About 55 per cent of respondents suggested they are working more hours than they were two years ago. Of those, 13 per cent say their hours are significantly longer. About 42 per cent of office workers surveyed said they worked more than 50 hours a week, compared with the country's 40-hour-a-week standard. The number is about one percentage point higher than in last year's survey, Hudson reports. C. Dealing with the modern world "epidemic" of job burnout is a new challenge for both employers and employees. In developed nations, entrepreneurs commonly push a policy known as Work-Life Balance (WLB) to help employees work productively and better enjoy their lives. "If an employer finds an employee often works longer, the employer should ask if the executive- designed workload is too heavy for the employee or if there are some problems with the employee's working efficiency," says Xu. "Then the employer or the employee should adjust." D. The long working hours will greatly reduce working efficiency and productivity, both Chen and Zhang believe. In addition to physical exertion, psychological tension is another result of an overworked employee, points out Xu Xinxin, a researcher with the Sociology Research Institute attached to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. E. Paid leave is another way to ensure employees not to get worn out. "I find that many Chinese employees have not realized that it is their right to leave. They must keep in mind that we have a duty to work and have a fight to leave," says Lazzarotto. "A nice holiday can refresh you and do good for your company." He also suggests companies employ new measures to meet the headcount gap. "Employing and training cost can be compensated by employees' higher productivity and guarantee a sound talent structure in the long run," he says. F. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran headlines like "Stress causes illness!" If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.

填空题 If you've been on campus for very long, I'm certain that you've already heard about this course. You may know that last semester about fifty{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the students enrolled in my course failed it. Let me explain how this came{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}before you jump to any{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}. In the first{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}, since this is a composition class, I expect my students to follow certain rules{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}formality. Unfortunately, students today dislike having to follow rules of any kind, especially those which they may feel to be unnecessary. For{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}, I ask that each of your papers{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}typed and centered on the paper correctly. I count off points for various kinds of mistakes. A misspelled word will cost you 5 points. You've lost 25 points if you've{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}five words. If you write{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}incomplete sentence, you've lost 10 points. If you give me two complete sentences as one without adequate punctuation, you've lost 15 points. I do not accept late{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}You will receive a zero for any theme which you fail to submit on{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}I expect, you to read each assignment. To make certain that you have read the assignment, I{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}give you a short unannounced quiz from time to{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}. This class meets on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. You will have a total of six major tests throughout the{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Your final grade will be based{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}an average of these major tests, the pop tests,{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}eight written themes. If you have any questions at any time, you can see me on Tuesday. My office is{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}the second floor of this building. Your{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}for Wednesday is to read Hemingway's short story on page 55. Friday will be the last class day of this week, so you can expect to write a short in class theme for me then. That's{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}for today. I'll{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}you on Wednesday.

填空题In recent thirty years, Confucius and Confucianism are introduced and discussed systematically in

填空题

填空题Grown-ups, as any child will tell you, are monstrous hypocrites, especially when it comes to television. It is to take their minds off their own telly-addiction that adults are so keen to hear and talk about the latest report on the effects of programs on children. Surely all that nonsense they watch must be desensitizing them, making them vicious, shallow, acquisitive, less responsible and generally sloppy about life and death. But no, not a scrap of convincing evidence from the sociologists and experts in the psyches of children. For many years now parents, teachers and newspaper editors have been disappointed by the various studies, and sociologists are beginning to fall into disrepute for failing to come up with the desired results. The latest report, "Popular TV and Schoolchildren", perhaps more attuned to the authoritarian times in which we live, assumes greater moral leadership and hands out laurels and wooden spoons to TV shows and asserts, as educators should, the importance of having values. The kids, on the other hand, will no be switching off Kenny Everett now they have been told how sexist and trivial he is. (As if they didn't know!) (70) The nation has lived with the box for more than 30 years now and has passed from total infatuation-- revived temporarily by the advent of colour--to the present casual obsession which is not unlike that of the well-adjusted alcoholic. And now tile important and pleasant truth is breaking, to the horror of program makers and their detractors alike, that television really does not 'affect much at all. (71) And if TV imparts little bad, there is no reason to think it does much good either. It has failed spectacularly to make our children more callous and violent, and it has failed by way of "Jackanory" or "Blue Peter" to forge a young nation of origami adepts, or dog handlers or builders of lawn mowers out of coat hangers and wire corks. Television turns out to be no great transformer of minds or society. We are not, en masse, as it was once predicted we would be, fantastically well-informed about other cultures or about the origins of life on earth. People do not remember much from television documentary beyond how good it was. (72) Documentaries are not what most people want to watch anyway. Television is at its most popular when it celebrates its own present. Its ideal subjects are those that need not be remembered and can be instantly replaced, where what matters most is what is happening now and what is going to happen next. Sport, news, panel games, cop shows, long-running soap operas, situation comedies--these occupy us only for as long as they are on. (73) The box is further neutralized by the sheer quantity people watch. The more of it you see, the less any single bit of it matters. Of course, some programs are infinitely better than others. There are gifted people working in television. But seen from a remoter perspective--say, four hours a night viewing for three months--the quality of individual programs means as much as the quality of each car in the rush- hour traffic. For the heavy viewer, TV has only two meaningful states--on and off. What are the kids doing? Watching TV. No need to ask what, the answer is sufficient. Soon, I'll go up there and turn it off. Like a light bulb it will go out and the children will do something else. It appears that the nation's children spend more time in front of their TVs than in the classroom. Their heads are full of TV--but that's all, just TV. The Kojak violence they witness is TV violence, sufficient to itself. It does not brutalize them to the point where they cannot grieve the loss of a pet, or be shocked at some minor playground violence. Children, like everyone else, know the difference between TV and life. TV knows its place. It imparts nothing but itself; it has its own rules, its own language, its own priorities. (74) Whatever the TV/video industry might now say, television will never have the impact on civilization that the invention of the written word has had. The book--this little hinged thing--is cheap, portable, virtually unbreakable, endlessly reusable, has instant replay facilities and in slow motion if you want it, needs no power lines, batteries or aerials, works in planes and train tunnels, can be stored indefinitely without much deterioration. A. Only those who knew something about the subject in the first place retain the information. B. Nor, I suspect, will they have become more sexist and trivial themselves from watching him. C. This is tough on those diligent professionals who produce excellent work; but since--as everyone agrees--awful programs far outnumber the good, it is a relief to know the former cannot do much harm. Television cannot even make impressionable children less pleasant. D. It is less amenable to censorship and centralized control, can be written and manufactured by relatively unprivileged individuals or groups, and--most sophisticated of all--dozens of different ones can be going at the same time, in the same room without a sound. E. It is because this little glowing, chattering screen barely resembles life at all that it remains so usefully ineffectual. To stare at a brick wall would waste time in a similar way. The difference is that the brick wall would let you know you were wasting your time. F. However good or bad it is, a night's viewing is wonderfully forgettable. It's a little sleep, it's entertainment; our morals, and for that matter, our brutality, remain intact.

填空题 There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical {{U}}(31) {{/U}}; technology is a method of{{U}} (32) {{/U}}practical problems (and sometimes creating new problems out ofthe "solutions"). Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships{{U}} (33) {{/U}}observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize{{U}} (34) {{/U}}facts and relationships; technology has to do{{U}} (35) {{/U}}tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the findings of science. Another distinction between science{{U}} (36) {{/U}}technology has to do with the progress in each. Progress{{U}} (37) {{/U}}science excludes the human factor. And this is justly so. Scientists,{{U}} (38) {{/U}}seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or{{U}} (39) {{/U}}or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people -- as{{U}} (40) {{/U}}Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the option of refusing to{{U}} (41) {{/U}}it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the option of refusing to{{U}} (42) {{/U}}the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft{{U}} (43) {{/U}}overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted{{U}} (44) {{/U}}; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science, progress in{{U}} (45) {{/U}}must be measured in{{U}} (46) {{/U}} of the human factor. Technology must be our slave and not the reverse. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people — people in{{U}} (47) {{/U}}, not merely some peoples and future generations, not merely{{U}} (48) {{/U}} who presently wish to gain advantage{{U}} (49) {{/U}}themselves. Technology must be humanistic{{U}} (50) {{/U}}it is to lead to a better world.

填空题 {{B}}Capital markets need a push.{{/B}} It is an urgent task for China to accelerate the development of the capital market to facilitate the restructuring of its State economy, according to a recent report by the State Council Development Research Centre. China has made considerable progress in developing its capital market in the past decade. Acquisitions and mergers have given a strong impetus to the reorganization of enterprises. 66. ______ First, development of the three elements of China's capital market has not proceeded at the same pace. Though the stock market has developed rapidly during recent years, the bond market and medium-and long-term credit market have lagged behind. In the bond market, the issue and trading of corporate bonds is far behind those of treasury bonds. Because the risk and yield of bonds and stocks differ, a well-developed bond market can increase the choice for investors and those seeking to raise capital. In developed market economies, funds raised by enterprises through bond financing are several times higher than those raised through the issue of shares. The situation is the reverse in China. In 1997, enterprises raised 132.5 billion yuan (US ＄16 billion)through stock issues but a mere 30 billion yuan (US ＄3.6 billion) through bond issues. 67. ______ To develop the medium-and-long-term credit market, the State should break the monopoly of inefficient State banks and develop joint-stock banks, it said. Second, non-State enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises are still handicapped in the capital market. Obstacles remain to their access to the medium-and-long-term credit market despite the central bank's recent efforts to make more loans available to them. While large State-owned enterprises benefit from the State' s preferential policy in issuing bonds and stocks, most non-state enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises have no chance of being listed on the State's official stock market, but have to turn to volatile over-the-counter markets which have not yet been legalized. Non-State enterprises do not even have equal rights in the State's preferential policy in encouraging the merger and reorganization of enterprises. The State should regulate secondary markets to provide a fair capital market for non-State enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, the report said. 68. ______ 69. ______ Since the merger and acquisition of enterprises usually involve a huge amount of funds, enterprises can rarely raise enough money from internal reserves. Therefore, the State should support financing of the reorganization of enterprises, stressed the report. Banks should add credit for mergers and acquisitions to their loan categories. Additionally, restrictive regulations on enterprises' financing of mergers and acquisitions through the issue of corporate bonds should be eased or abolished. Finally, there is a serious shortage of institutional investors aiming at stable long-range profits in China's security market. To develop institutional investors and investment funds, the State should encourage pension insurance and trust funds, the report proposed. 70. ______ In the meantime, institutional investors should also strengthen their own management and standardize their operations to raise efficiency. In China's underdeveloped capital market, inadequate supervision has resulted in excessive speculation and misconduct by enterprises and investors. To protect the interests of the masses of small and medium-sized investors, the State should urgently improve its supervision of the capital market, the report said.The focus of its supervision should be shifted from the investment value of securities to the credibility and completeness of listed companies' reports. A. Third, enterprises still face many difficulties in financing reorganization through the capital market. B. However, there is an urgent need to improve the country's capital market, the report said. C. The growth of these three funds would help maintain a stable capital market and facilitate the reorganization of State-owned enterprises. D. In addition, the State should allow circulation of shares owned by the State in listed companies to facilitate acquisition of listed companies through the secondary stock market. E. So, China should make greater efforts to boost its corporate bond market, urged the report. F. Against the backdrop of the Asian financial turmoil and shrinking Asian markets, the EU has become an important export target market for Chinese exporters.

填空题You may say that the business of marking books is going to slow down your reading. (31) probably will. That's one of the (32) for doing it. Most of us have been taken in by the notion that speed of (33) is a measure of our intelligence. There is (34) such things as the right (35) for intelligent reading. Some things should be (36) quickly and effortlessly, and some should be read (37) and even laboriously. The sign of intelligence (38) reading is the ability to read (39) things differently according to their worth. In the (40) of good books, the point is not to see how many of them can you get through, (41) how many can you get through them—how many you can (42) your own. A few friends are (43) than a thousand acquaintances. If this be your goal, (44) it should be, you will not be impatient if it takes more time and effort to read a great book than a newspaper (45) . You may have another objection to (46) books. You can't lend them to your friends (47) nobody else can read them (48) being distracted by your notes. What's more, you won't want to lend them because a (49) copy is a kind of intellectual diary, and (50) it is almost like giving your mind away. If your friend hopes to read your Shakespeare, or The Federalist Papers, tell him, gently but firmly, to buy a copy. You will lend him your car or your coat—but your books are as much a part of you as your head or your heart.

填空题It was a cold day. I sat in my room writing letters. I glanced out of the window. In the window directly opposite me stood Herr Stroh, gazing blatantly upon me. I was annoyed at his interest. I pulled down the blind and switched on the light to continue my writing. But the drawn blind and the artificial light irritated me, and suddenly I didn"t see why I should"t write my let- tees by daylight without being stared at. I switched off the light and released the blind. Herr Stroh had gone. I concluded that he had taken my action as a signal of disapproval, and I settled back to write. 1 I left my room and went down to complain to Frau Lublonitsch. "She"s gone to the market," Gertha said. "She"s 11 be back in half an hour." 2 "I shah tell Fran Chef, "she said. Something in her manner made me ask, "Has this ever happened before?" "Once or twice this year, "she said." I"ll speak to Frau Chef. "And she added, with her music-hall grimace, "He was probably counting your eyelashes." 3 For nearly an hour I sat patiently at the window. Herr Sroh rested his arm now and again, but he did not leave his seat. I could see him clearly, although I think I imagined the grin on his face as, from time to time, he raised the glasses to his eyes. There was no doubt that he could see, as if it were within an inch of his face, the fury on mine. It was too late now for one of us to give in, and I kept glancing down at the entrances to the hotel Stroh, expecting to see Fran Lublonitsch or perhaps one of her sons or the yard hands going across to deliver a protest. But no one from our de approached the Stroh premises. I continue to stare, and Herr continued to goggle through his glasses. Then he dropped them. It was as if they had been jerked out of his hands by an invisible nudge. He approached close to the window and gazed, but now he was gazing at a point above and slightly to the left of my room. After about two minutes, he turned and disappeared. 4 "Did she telephone to his house?" "No, Frau Chef doesn"t use the phone; it mixes her up." "Who protested, then."?" "Fran Chef." "But she hasn"t been across to see him. I"ve been watching the house." "No, Frau Chef doesn"t visit with him. But don"t worry, he known all right that he mustn"t annoy our guests. " When I looked out of the window again, I saw that the blind of Herr Stroh"s room had been pulled down, and so it remainded for the rest of my stay. Meantime, I went out to post my letters in the box opposite our hotel, across the path. The sun had come out more strongly, and Herr Stroh stood in his doorway blinking up at the roof of the Guesthouse Lublonitsch. He was engrossed, he did not notice me at all. 5 Like most of the roofs in that province, the Lublonitsch roof had a railed ledge running several inches above the eaves, for the purpose of preventing the snow from falling in heavy thumps during the winter. On this ledge, just below an attic window, stood the gold-and-rose ormolu clock that I had seen in Frau Lublonitsch"s splendid bedroom. I turned the corner just as Herr Stroh gave up his gazing; he went indoors, sullen and bent. Two ear-loads of people who had moved into the hotel that morning were now moving out, shifting their baggage with speed and the signs of a glad departure. I know that his house was nearly empty. A. I didn"t want to draw his attention by following the line of his gaze but I was curious as to what held him staring so trance-like up at our roof. On my way back from the post- box I saw what it was. B. I caught sight of a tiled stove contructed of mosaic files that were not a local type. I also noticed, standing upon the cabinet, a large ornamental clock; each curve and twirl in the case of this clock was overlaid with that gilded-bronze alloy which is known as ormolu. The clock twinkled in the sunlight which slanted between the window hangings. C. I looked up a few moments later, and this time Herr Stroh was seated on a chair a little way back from the window. He was facing me squarely and holding to his eyes a pair of field-glasses. D. I returned to my room. Herr Stroh still sat in position, the field-glasses in his hands resting on his knees. As soon as I came within view, he raised the glasses to his eyes, I decided to stare him out until such time as Frau Lublonitsch should return and take the matter in hand. E. Just then Gertha knocked at my door. "Frau Chef has protested, and you won"t have any more trouble, "she said. F. So I lodged my complaint with Gertha.

填空题You will hear a long talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21 to 30 by writing no more than three words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk twice.

填空题

填空题Whatdoesthelecturemainlyconcern?

填空题 You will hear a talk. As you listen, you must answer Questions 21～30 by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right, You will hear the talk TWICE.

填空题The first person who used Confucianism to express Christianity was from