填空题A = Yahoo! B = eBay C = Amazon Which company (companies) rents its own logistics and infrastructure to other companies to compute on the Internet? 1 are run without a clear vision for the future? 2 3 held a dominant position in its business but alienated its users? 4 employed internal competition in a way that confused advertisers and users? 5 is the youngest among the three survivors in the great Internet crisis? 6 has not changed its leader since the very beginning and still sticks to the game vision? 7 acquired other companies without making them an integral part of it? 8 used to be less profitable but is now on the right track? 9 provides services similar to Google but does not confront it directly? 10 The Internet company, Yahoo! appears in the end to have rebuffed Microsoft, the software Goliath that wanted to buy it. It has done so, in part, by surrendering to Google, the younger Internet company that is its main rival. Yahoo! lives, but on the web"s equivalent of life support. Yahoo! "s descent, first gradual then sudden, during this decade marks a surprising reversal of the fates of the only three big Internet firms to have survived since the web"s earliest days. Back in 1994, Jerry Yang and David Filo, truant PhD students at Stanford, started to publish a list, eventually named Yahoo! , of links to cool destinations on the nascent web. Around the same time, Jeff Bezos was writing his business plan for a website, soon to be called Amazon, for selling books online. The following year, Pierre Omidyar, a French-born Iranian-American, put an auction site on the web that would become eBay. Even as hundreds of other dotcoms fell by the wayside at the turn of the century, these three made it through the great Internet crisis and have since prospered, to varying degrees and at different times. Their fates have reflected the evolution of the web as a whole, and now suggest its future direction. For many years eBay and Yahoo! made more money than Amazon, which, as a capitalintensive retailer, struggled longer with losses and then made profits at lower margins. And yet, says Pip Coburn of Coburn Ventures, an investment adviser, Yahoo! is now drifting and eBay is a washed-up quasi-monopoly, whereas Amazon finds itself at the Internet"s cutting edge. Yahoo! set out to be a new sort of media company. Its site became a tawdry strip mall, with big, flashing advertisements next to users" e-mail inboxes. The firm slipped into a mindset of product silos, with the teams for the home-page, e-mail, finance and sports pages competing with each other and for advertisers, and confusing users. Yahoo! "s bigger mistake was not to see how the web was changing. Google, also founded by two truant Stanford PhD students, became the leader of a new generation with a vision that web search, rather than Yahoo! "s "portal" approach, would guide surfers around the Internet. Yahoo! belatedly tried to keep up and bought sites such as flicker, com for photo-sharing and del. icio. us. cam for bookmark-sharing, but it "put them in the curio cabinet" without transforming the company, say"s Jerry Michalski, a technology consultant. EBay took a different route, recognising that its business—in effect, online yard sales—had potential network effects: in short, that sellers and buyers would flock to whichever site already did the most trading. The firm became a de facto monopoly, but with that came a culture that left many of its users disenchanted, and growth slowed. Some measures, such as the number of new listings of items for sale, are even in decline. Buyers and sellers increasingly rely on Google"s search model, or online social networks, to find things and one another. EBay"s new boss, John Donahoe, is not facing a crisis like Yahoo! "s—but neither does he appear to have a big idea for the future. Amazon, by contrast, has found exactly that. It is the only one of the three that has been led continuously by the same man, its founder Jeff Bezos. Unlike his peers at the other two firms, Mr. Bezos has stuck to his original vision—while adding two new ideas as they presented themselves, His original plan was to become "Earth"s biggest river" of merchandise, from books and toys to electronics and almost anything else that can be shipped. Then Mr. Bezos realized that the same online store-front and logistics system that worked for Amazon itself could alga work for others, So he added an entirely new category of customers: third-party sellers, who account for 30% of all items sold through Amazon"s site today. Then, about four years ago, another, and potentially bigger, idea struck Mr. Bezos. Their infrastructure is rivalled in scale by only a few other fu-ms in the world, including Google. So Mr. Bezos again added an entire category of customers: firms that wanted to rent computing capacity from Amazon over the Internet, rather than build their own data centres in a warehouse, It has signed up over 370,000 customers. Almost by accident, Amazon has thus "backed into cloud computing". If there is a lender in the cloud, it is Google. But Amazon is now right up there. Better yet, although Amazon overlaps with Google in the cloud, it does not rival it directly. Google mostly offers entire applications, such as word processing or spreadsheets, to consumers through their web browsers. Amazon offers services to programmers so they can build and run their own applications. So there they are. Jerry Yang is still boss of Yahoo! , although angry, restive shareholders may oust him at their annual meeting on August 1st, and his top lieutenants are leaving in groves. John Donahoe is looking hard for a purpose that will enable eBay to survive another decade. And Mr. Bezos is right where he wants to be.

填空题Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B or C. Some choices may be required more than once. A =Section A B =Section B C =Section C Lessening the effect of the epidemic upon sustainable development is one of the issues USAID will get down to in the future. 71．______ The multinational cooperation is the best way to stop HIV/AIDS from spreading among the mobile population. 72．______ The effective way to deal with HIV/AIDS transmission trom mother to child. 73．______ USAID is trying to work out ways to work out ways to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission from mother to child. 74．______ In the past eight years USAID has experimented with and improved various methods to slow the spread of HIV/AIDS. 75．______ USAID will strengthen women's ability to resist HIV/AIDS. 76．______ Women and children are those who are very easy to be infected HIV/AIDS. 77．______ USAID will put the prevention method into effect. 78．______ The epidemic has been spreading very fast over the past eight years. 79．______ The integration of prevention and cure is the most efficient way of preventing HIV/AIDS. 80．______ Section A Since the US Agency for International Development (USAID) began its first HIV/AIDS prevention efforts eight years ago, the epidemic has changed dramatically. HIV has spread to every region of the world. Millions of people infected with HIV during the first decade of the epidemic are developing opportunistic infections and other AIDS-related illnesses, and many are dying. Women and children are among those most vulnerable to HIV infection. As HIV prevalence and AIDS mortality soar, millions of children will lose their parents. HIV/AIDS is having a devastating impact on the health and well-being of families, communities and nations worldwide. The epidemic's effects on the structure of societies and the productivity of their members undermine efforts to promote sustainable development around the globe. USAID's approach to slowing the spread of HIV/AIDS relies on strategies tested and refined over the past eight years. At the same time, the Agency is moving forward to address new challenges posed by the evolving epidemic. One of the important lessons learned during the past decade is that an effective response to HIV/AIDS requires the full participation of people and communities affected by the virus. Although people living with HIV/AIDS are among the most successful advocates and communicators for prevention, too often their voices are not heard or heeded. Greater involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS is essential to creating the supportive political, legal and social environments needed to control the epidemic. Section B In December 1994 at the Paris AIDS Summit, representatives of 42 governments adopted resolution pledging greater support for networks of people living with HIV/AIDS. Before and during the summit, members of these networks worked with government and multilateral organizations, including USAID, to develop a plan for translating the words of the resolution into concrete action. The Agency is committed to ensuring that people living with HIV/AIDS are accepted in full partnership with governments, international organizations and the private sector in developing, implementing and evaluating HIV/AIDS policies and programs. People living with HIV/AIDS and community-based organizations have been at the forefront of efforts to draw attention to the connection between compassionate AIDS care and effective HIV prevention. In the absence of a vaccine or cure, USAID continues to emphasize HIV/AIDS prevention. But as the number of people suffering from AIDS-related illness begins to increase dramatically, the Agency is also exploring ways to reduce the social impact of AIDS and enhance prevention efforts by integrating prevention and care. The Agency will also continue to pioneer regional approaches to an epidemic that does not recognize national boundaries. Crossborder interventions throughout the world will target mobile populations, including migrant workers, tourists, traders, transport workers and people displaced by war and, social disruption. Results from USAID-supported research on preventing HIV/AIDS in women, from microbiocide development to behavioral research on communication between men and women, will play a key role in slowing the rapid spread of the epidemic in the future. The Agency will continue to support research designed to strengthen programs for women and will move quickly to incorporate promising prevention methods into field activities. USAID will also work to reduce women's vulnerability to HIV prevention by promoting multisectoral efforts to improve their economic and social status. Section C Recognizing the growing threat HIV/AIDS poses to child survival, the Agency will support efforts to identify and test methods of preventing transmission from mother to child, such as Vitamin A supplements and other promising interventions. In addition, USAID will expand efforts to reduce HIV/AIDS among women and children by integrating prevention interventions into its family planning and child survival programs. Effective use of integrated interventions is critical for HIV/AIDS prevention because the virus affects people who are most active in the development process. Decades of progress in health and development are jeopardized by the social and economic impact of the epidmic. Without careful planning, development activities, in trun, can promote the spread of HIV/AIDS by encouraging migration and the separation of workers from their families. Most integration efforts to date have been in health and family planning, but other development sectors have an important role to play in HIV/AIDS prevention. In the future, the Agency will pursue opportunities for reducing HIV transmission and mitigating the impact of the epidemic on sustainable development through its programs in education, agriculture, and human resource and micro-enterprise development. USAID's approach to HIV/AIDS has evolved along with the epidemic. To meet the challenges ahead, the Agency will continue to adapt its strategies and programs in order to benefit from lessons from the field and new opportunities for building effective partnerships. Given the epidemic's profound implications for health, economic growth and social stability, USAID's investment in HIV/AIDS prevention will save millions of lives and promote sustainable development throughout the world.

填空题The author changed his minors.

填空题 Once the exclusive domain of executives with expense accounts, the mobile phone is set to become one of the central technologies of the 21st century. Within a few years, the mobile phone will evolve from a voice-only device to a multi-functional communicator capable of transmitting and receiving not only sound, but video, still images, data and text. A whole new era of personal communication is on the way. Thanks in part to the growth of wireless networks, the telephone is converging with the personal computer and the television. Soon lightweight phones outfitted with high-resolution screens—which can be embedded in everything from wristwatches to palm-held units—will be connected to series of low orbit satellites enabling people to talk, send and receive e-mail, or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. These phones might also absorb many of the key functions of the desktop computer. Mobile devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new personalized services that are becoming available via the Internet, such as trading stocks, gambling, shopping and buying theater and airline tickets. The communications revolution is already taking shape around the globe. In Europe, small scale trials are under way using mobile phones for electronic commerce. For example, most phones contain a subscriber identification module (SIM) card that serves primarily to identify a user to the phone network. But the card could also facilitate limited financial transactions. Deutsche Bank and Nokia, for example, are working together to develop mobile banking services. Some manufacturers plan to upgrade the SIM card to an all-in-one personal identification and credit card. Another approach is to add a slot to mobile phones for a second smart card designed specifically for mobile e-commerce. These cards could be used to make payments over the Internet or removed from the phone for use in point-of-sale terminals to pay for things like public transportation, movie tickets or a round of drinks at the bar. In France, {{B}}Motorola{{/B}} is currently testing a dual slot phone, the StarTACD, in a trial with France Telecom, while in Finland {{B}}Nokia{{/B}} is testing a phone that uses a special plug-in reader for a tiny smart card. {{B}}Siemens{{/B}} is pursuing a different approach. Since it is not yet clear whether it's best to do everything with a single device, {{B}}Siemens{{/B}} is developing dual slot phones and Einstein, a device equipped with a smart card reader and keypad that can be linked to the phone via infrared wireless technology. For those who want to, though, it will be possible to receive almost all forms of electronic communication through a single device, most likely a three-in-one phone that serves as a cordless at home, a cell phone on the road and an intercom at work. "The mobile phone will become increasingly multifunctional," says Burghardt Shallenberger, vice president for technology and innovation at {{B}}Siemens{{/B}} Information and Consumer Products in Munich, "and fingerprint technology or advanced speech recognition will ensure that only one or two authorized users will be able to operate it." New hybrid devices, such as {{B}}Nokia{{/B}}'s 9110 Communicator, a combination phone and personal digital assistant (PDA), are already on the market. But some customers feel the keyboard and screen are too small and complex for comfort. To get around these problems, {{B}}Nokia{{/B}}'s 7110 mobile phone has a larger screen and is operated by a tracking ball in addition to a keyboard. The phone has found a ready market among young people, who tend to scud more text messages than they make mobile phone calls—not surprising given the fact that text is approximately a tenth as costly as voice. The {{B}}Nokia{{/B}} 7110 also offers Internet access via Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), an open standard that allows streamlined versions of website contents to be displayed on mobile phone screens. Phones equipped with WAP enable people on the move to access basic information—such as news services, stock prices and flight timetables—from specially "cut-down" sites. For some, any device that bridges the gap between handwriting and keying in text will be a world-beater. {{B}}Ericsson{{/B}} is researching a "smart quill" pen that could do just that. Though the smart quill looks like any other pen, it permits writers to write on any surface—or even in the air—while a microchip in the tip of the pen records the shape of the scribblings and transmits them to a remote PC, where special software converts them into normal text. Could this mean the end of typing? Not yet. {{B}}Ericsson{{/B}} cannot say when a prototype will be ready. Keyboards might eventually be unnecessary on mobile handsets if speech recognition software continues to improve. Mobile phones might then be reduced to a few computer chips, a microphone and a receiver embedded in an earring. The {{B}}Philips{{/B}} Genie, a lightweight m6bile phone, can be operated by uttering a single word. When you type a name into the Genie's keypad, the system asks whether you would like to assign a voice-dial tag to that name. Through a series of yes or no prompts, the Genie compiles a list of up to 10 voice tags. The next time you want to call a person listed as one of these tags, just say that person's name or a relevant code word. The word home, for example, is sufficient to place a call to your family.·has a small and complex keyboard and screen? {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}·has combined handwriting and keying? {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}·can recognize voices? {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}·has a voice dial tag? {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}·has a pen which can write in the air? {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}·might carry out financial transactions? {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}·are working on dual slot phones? {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}·can be connected to your home by a saying "Home"? {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}} {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}·is both a phone and personal digital assistant? {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}

填空题 Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or {{U}}(31) {{/U}} that can easily be identified {{U}}(32) {{/U}} measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student {{U}}(33) {{/U}} grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language — all these are examples of people who have measurable {{U}}(34) {{/U}} to show for their efforts. {{U}}(35) {{/U}} contrast, the process of personal growth is {{U}}(36) {{/U}} more difficult to determine, since {{U}}(37) {{/U}} definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks {{U}}(38) {{/U}} the way. The process is not the road itself, but {{U}}(39) {{/U}} the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this {{U}}(40) {{/U}} , the journey never really ends; there are {{U}}(41) {{/U}} new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges {{U}}(42) {{/U}} accept. In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to {{U}}(43) {{/U}} risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. {{U}}(44) {{/U}} we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves {{U}}(45) {{/U}} quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open {{U}}(46) {{/U}} unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're slow to adapt {{U}}(47) {{/U}} change or that we're not smart {{U}}(48) {{/U}} to cope with a new challenge? Then we are {{U}}(49) {{/U}} to take a more passive role or not try at {{U}}(50) {{/U}}.

填空题 A = Chang Ling B = Ding Ling C = Emperor Qian kong"s Tomb Which tomb... ·was opened to the public as early as 19787 71. ______. ·served as a model for the remaining 12 for its good preservation? 72. ______. ·is of higher artistic quality than most imperial tombs? 73. ______. ·is the largest tomb? 74. ______. ·is the first imperial tomb to have been excavated in China? 75. ______. ·has the inner walls and arched ceilings of its gateway and halls decorated with four ·celestial guardians? 76. ______. ·owns three coffins within it? 77. ______. ·holds the coffin of an emperor which was placed over a well? 78. ______. ·has a large red gate with a significant bronze lion which marks the entrance to the ground? 79. ______. ·was a huge and costly construction project which began in 1743? 80. ______. Maintaining an imperial tradition that originated from the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1066- 1221 BC), the Ming emperors selected the location and design of their tombs while they were still alive. The selection of sites, based on the prevailing winds and the water level, ensured that only benevolent spirits were in habiting the area. Of the 16 Ming emperors, 13 chose to be buried in this serene valley (Shisanling) just north of Beijing. The Sacred Way The road to the tombs, which branches off the route to the Great Wall, was once a 6.4 km (4 mi) long sacred way, forbidden to all but the emperor"s funeral cortege. The road begins at a five-arched marble gate, built in 1540. A mile further down stands a three- arched gateway, the Dahongmen (Great Red Gate). The emperor"s body was carried through the central archway. Only on this one occasion was the center door opened. Just beyond the gate sits a huge stone tortoise(symbol of longevity)with a 9.1 m (30 ft) stele mounted on its back. The stele, the largest such tablet in China, was inscribed by the fourth Ming emperor at the time of the death of his predecessor, Yang Le, in 1424. This tortoise marks the beginning of the famous Avenue of the Animals. Lions, camels, elephants, horses, and two sets of mythical (or at least unrecognizable)beasts, 12 statues in all, line either side of the road, alternately standing and kneeling and most, these days, supporting tourists on their backs while being photographed. Beyond the animal figures stretch a series of 12 stone human statues, dating from the 15th century: four military men, four civilian officials, and four obedient retainers, all with stately postures and fixed stares--an honor guard for the dead emperor. A legend says that an emperor of the later Qing Dynasty wanted to transport the statues to line the road to his own tomb. One of the emperor"s ministers was told, in a dream, that the statues were eternally loyal to the Ming emperors and therefore should not be moved. The Qing emperor took this as a warning that if the statues were disturbed, a deadly wind would blow down from the Ming Tombs upon the capital and he abandoned the project. Chang Ling Of the 13 tombs, only two have been excavated, those of Chang (the burial name for Yong Le, 1403 - 1424), and Ding (Emperor Wan Li, 1562- 1620). The Chang Ling tomb is the largest and best preserved of the tombs; it served as a model for the remaining 12. Visitors enter through a red gate which opens toward a courtyard. From here they pass under the Gate of Eminent Favors(Lingenmen)into a second courtyard, in which stands the marble Hall of Eminent Favors (Lingendian), surrounded by pine trees(another ancient symbol of longevity) . The roof of the hall is supported by 32 giant tree columns. Beyond this hall is a third courtyard, where the visitor will see a simple stele with the inscription Da Ming--Great Ming. This marks the passage to the sepulcher. Ding Ling Also known as the Underground Palace, this is the first imperial tomb to have been excavated in China. The work was completed over a period of three years (1956- 1959). Ding(Emperor Wan Li) was buried here in 1620 with two of his wives in a deep marble vault located four stories underground(on the hottest of summer days the vault remains mercifully cool) . The entrance to the grounds is marked by a large red gate with a magnificent bronze lion. Gigantic marble doors stand at the entrance to the first of the three burial chambers. (After burial, a "locking stone", similar to the modem "police" lock, was rolled in front of the tomb itself. ) Inside are three coffins. Twenty six chests of jewelry and other artifacts were discovered at the foot of the coffins, and many of these finds can be viewed in the two exhibition halls constructed above ground. The broad, tree shaded grounds surrounding the tomb are dotted with stone picnic tables and seats. Tour groups are usually provided with box lunches which may be eaten outdoors or in a "picnic room" at the foot of the Great Wall. Emperor Qian Long"s Tomb In 1978, the tomb of the Qing emperor Qian kong( 1736 - 1796), located about 100 km (62.5 mi) east of Beijing, was opened to the public. Known as Yu Ling, the tomb is on a grander scale and of higher artistic quality than most imperial tombs. Construction began in 1743 and cost 90 tons of silver. The wood used was the durable, fragrant, close-grained nanmu. Some logs weighed up to 20 tons. The tomb is, in fact, an underground palace, similar to the tomb of Ding Ling. Nevertheless, Yu Ling has distinctive architectural features. Flanking the roadway leading to the tomb are eight pairs of stone sculptures depicting civil officials, military officers, horses, qilin ( a mythical "animal of good omen), elephants, camels, suanni (mythical monsters), and lions. Each figure was carved from a single stone block. The largest weighs about 43 tons. The underground palace contains three stone halls and four pairs of stone gates, all arched. The overhanging eaves, tile gutters, ridges, and animal-shaped ornaments on the gate comers are in white marble. Each gate weighs about two tons and contains a Bod-hisattva, each with a different mien.. The inner walls and arched ceilings of the gateways and halls are decorated with four celestial guardians(also called Deva kings), seated statues of gods and Budd has, carvings of potted flowers, and small three-legged tables to hold incense burners and Buddhist scriptures. The coffin of Qian Long lies in the innermost recess of the underground palace. It was placed over a well that never runs dry.

填空题Howmanylanguagesareusedthroughouttheworldtoday?

填空题 Machines and foreign competition will replace{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}of American jobs. But work will be plentiful for people{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}in the occupations of the future. The Labor Department predicts a net increase of 25 million new jobs in the United States in 1995,{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}service-industry jobs growing three times{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}rapidly as factory jobs. "Work will shift its emphasis from the fatigue and{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the production line and the typing pool to the more interesting challenge of the electronic service center, the design studio, the research laboratory, the education institute, and the training school, "predicts Canadian economist Calvert. Jobs in high-tech fields will multiply fastest,{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}from a low base. In{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}of actual numbers, more mundane occupations will experience the biggest surge: custodians, cashiers, secretaries, waiters and clerks. Yet much of the drudge work will be taken{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}by robots. The{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}of robots performing blue-collar tasks will increase{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}3 000 in 1981 to 40 000 in 1990, says John E. Taylor of the Human Resources Research Organization in Alexandria, Va. Robots might also be found on war zones,{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}space-even in the office, perhaps{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}coffee, opening mall and delivering messages. One unsolved problem: what to do{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}workers displaced by high technology and foreign competition.{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}the world "the likelihood of growing permanent unemployment is becoming{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}accepted as a reality among social planners," notes David Macarov, associate professor of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Meantime, the percentage of time people{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}on the job is{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}to continue to fall. Robert Theobald,{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}of Avoiding 1984, fears that joblessness will{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}to increasing depression, bitterness, and unrest. "The dramatic consequences of such a shift on the Western psyche,{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}has made the job the way we value human beings, are almost incalculable, "he comments.

填空题A=Rotherhithe B=Barnes C=Willesden D=King's Cross Which city... ·used to have lot of problems such as drugs, street crime, etc. ? 71. ______ ·has the unpopular style of architecture? 72. ______ ·has the most expensive properties? 73. ______ ·offers big out-fashioned houses at lower price? 74. ______ ·is located in a quiet residential area? 75. ______ ·saw a big increase in price last year? 76. ______ ·will build a lot of new facilities? 77. ______ ·is estimated to be a good investment? 78. ______ ·encourages night-life culture for young people? 79. ______ ·creates energetic multi-cultural atmosphere? 80. ______ A Rotherhithe Rotherhithe may be most famous for its congested tunnel but many young buyers are warming to its riverside charms. It is still much cheaper than its waterside neighbors. The housing stock is predominately 1980s flats, many arranged in cul-de-sacs (死胡同)and closes around Surrey Quays Road. The unpopular architecture has led to the area being called the Milton Keynes of London but properties are spacious and unfashionable style has kept prices down. Paul Mitchell, of estate agents Alex Nell, says, "There is precious little period property, but you will get far more for your money here than a Victorian house with lots of original features down the road in Bermondsey. " Surry Quays shopping center provides all the amenities of a high street but the area is lacking in fun. However, Southwark Council is in talks to develop the "night time economy" which could well lead to an increase in bars and restaurants to cater for the growing number of young professional residents. "It is possible to get a good three-bedroom house in Rotherhithe for 280,000, " says Sumine Jordaan-Robinson, of agents Burwood Marsh , "About eight minutes; walk from the Jubilee line which will have you in Bond street in 15 minutes. There are not that many areas in London where that is possible. " B Barnes Barnes sits just across the river from Hammersmith in southwest London, but it could not be more different from the noise and bustle of the opposite bank. It has been called one of the last true London "villages" with happy residents keeping its old school charms quiet from nosey outsiders and potential developers. Being by the river and predominately residential gives Barnes an attractively lazy vibe. It has a traditional village green complete with idyllic duck pond and quaint pub. The high street is about as far from the Pound Shop and Primark ambience of its neighbors as is possible. But buying into Barnes is not cheap. "Family houses are snapped up incredibly quickly, " claims Chris Carney, sales negotiator at Boileaus estate agents. "It is very hard to get properties of this size, with outside space so close to London, which is why they are expensive. " Large detached Victorian houses on the two main roads, Castlenau and Lonsdale, normally have between five and seven bedrooms, gardens of 120 ft and off street parking. These sell for anything between ￡2 million and ￡5 million. By the village green there are rows of immaculate terraced house on a number of streets that run off Church and Station roads, and four bedroom houses of this kind sell for around ~ 1 million. C Willesden Green Willesden Green has both suffered and benefited from its famous neighbors. Despite its growing popularity, the area remains interesting and multicultural, injecting a little bit of soul into what could otherwise become just another yuppie backwater. "Willesden Green has a diverse range of properties from 1930s semi-detached houses to large Victorian properties and new-builds which attract all kinds of buyers, " says Richard Chiti, sales manager at estate agents Ellis and Co. "The roads bordering West Hampstead are popular, as they are wide, tree lined streets with sizeable family houses. Properties in and around Dobree Road, which lead down to Kensal Rise, are also in high demand. " Estate agents and residents agree that the area used to be regarded as dangerous and undesirable, but this has changed over the last decade. It's popular because it is still affordable, although prices have rocketed over the last year. D King's Cross King's Cross used to be renowned for problems including drugs, prostitution and street crime but a ￡2 billion regeneration programme should help the area lose its seedy reputation. The project includes a new Eurostar terminal opening this year and a spruced-up tube station, alongside hundreds of new homes, offices and leisure facilities set to be completed in 2015. Such development has had a predictable effect on house prices. "There are a lot more amenities now, such as supermarkets, cafes and bars and the issue people used to have with safety a few years ago has disappeared. " By the canal basin, new build flats and luxury ware house conversions form the bulk of property, and at the top end of the market there are stunning penthouses available with views across London. Much of the new development is centered on the back of the station, off York way, and flats are being sold to eager buyers off plan. The older properties are mainly mid-Victorian terraces around Caledonian Road and the streets heading towards Angel, and ex-local authority blocks where it is possible to pick up a two-bedroom refurbished flat for under ￡250,000. Smith adds, "Investment-wise, King's Cross is a good bet. There is a big rental market here and prices will go up. There are still cheaper properties available, one to two bedroom flats in Victorian conversions, or ex-council properties. But people are holding on to them for dear life in the hope they will go up in value. If you find one, it is worth investing in. /

填空题 It was a cold day. I sat in my room writing letters. I glanced out of the window. In the window directly opposite me stood Herr Stroh, gazing blatantly upon me. I was annoyed at his interest. I pulled down the blind and switched on the light to continue my writing. But the drawn blind and the artificial light irritated me, and suddenly I didn' t see why I shouldn' t write my letters by daylight without being stared at. I switched off the light and released the blind. Herr Stroh had gone. I concluded that he had taken my action as a signal of disapproval, and I settled back to write. 66. ____________ I left my room and went down to complain to Frau Lublonitsch. "She's gone to the market," Gertha said. "She' 11 be back in half an hour." 67. ____________ "I shall tell Frau Chef," she said. Something in her manner made me ask, "Has this ever happened before.'?" "Once or twice this year," she said. "I' 11 speak to Frau Chef." And she added, with her music-hall grimace, "He was probably counting your eyelashes." 68. ____________ For nearly an hour I sat patiently at the window. Herr Stroh rested his arms now and again, but he did not leave his seat. I could see him clearly, although I think I imagined the grin on his face as, from time to time, he raised the glasses to his eyes. There was no doubt that he could see, as if it were within an inch of his face, the fury on mine. It was too late now for one of us to give in, and I kept glancing down at the entrances to the hotel Stroh, expecting to see Frau Lublonitsch or perhaps one of her sons or the yard hands going across to deliver a protest. But no one from our side approached the Stroh premises. I continue to stare, and Herr Stroh continued to goggle through his glasses. Then he dropped them. It was as if they had been jerked out of his hands by an invisible nudge. He approached close to the window and gazed, but now he was gazing at a point above and slightly to the left of my room. After about two minutes, he turned and disappeared. 69. ____________ "Did she telephone to his house?" "No, Frau Chef doesn't use the phone; it mixes her up." "Who protested, then?" "Frau Chef." "But she hasn't been across to see him. I' ve been watching the house." "No, Frau Chef doesn't visit with him. But don't worry, he knows all right that he mustn't annoy our guests." When I looked out of the window again, I saw that the blind of Herr Stroh' s room had been pulled down, and so it remained for the rest of my stay. Meantime, I went out to post my letters in the box opposite our hotel, across the path. The sun had come out more strongly, and Herr Stroh stood in his doorway blinking up at the roof of the Guesthouse Lublonitsch. He was engrossed, he did not notice me at all. 70. ____________ Like most of the roofs in that province, the Lublonitsch roof had a railed ledge running several inches above the eaves, for the purpose of preventing the snow from falling in heavy thumps during the winter. On this ledge, just below an attic window, stood the gold-and-rose ormolu clock that I had seen in Frau Lublonitsch's splendid bedroom. I turned the corner just as Herr Stroh gave up his gazing; he went indoors, sullen and bent. Two car-loads of people who had moved into the hotel that morning were now moving out, shifting their baggage with speed and the signs of a glad departure. I know that his house was nearly empty. A. I didn' t want to draw his attention by following the line of his gaze but I was curious as to what held him staring so trancelike up at our roof. On my way back from the postbox I saw what it was. B. I caught sight of a tiled stove constructed of mosaic tiles that were not a local type. I also noticed, standing upon the cabinet, a large ornamental clock; each curve and twirl in the case of this clock was overlaid with that gildedbronze alloy which is known as ormolu. The clock twinkled in the sunlight which slanted between the window hangings. C. I looked up a few moments later, and this time Herr Stroh was seated on a chair a little way back from the window. He was facing me squarely and holding to his eyes a pair of field-glasses. D. I returned to my room. Herr Stroh still sat in position, the field-glasses in his hands resting on his knees. As soon as I came within view, he raised the glasses to his eyes. I decided to stare him out until such time as Frau Lublonitsch should return and take the matter in hand. E. Just then Gertha knocked at my door. "Frau Chef has protested, and you won't have any more trouble," she said. F. So I lodged my complaint with Gertha.

填空题was severely impaired in its economy by the crisis in and beyond Southeast Asia?

填空题takes advantage of market both at home and abroad?

填空题A=Report 1 B=Report 2 C=Report 3 D=Report 4 Which report(s) say(s) that... · hot weather may cause serious health problems associated with air pollution? 71. ______ · a weather warning system is established to help people away from danger heat? 72. ______ · not only people but also animals and crops are victims of the heat wave? 73. ______ · there were controversies on the issue of global warming? 74. ______ · human activities contribute to global warming? 75. ______ · the deadly heat wave can kill people? 76. ______ · hot weather will have its effects on consumers? 77. ______ · reducing exposure to air pollution can decrease deaths associated with pollution? 78. ______ · hot weather had attacked France twice since 2003? 79. ______ · wildfires increased in North America and other parts of the world recently? 80. ______ A Report 1 A new study requested by the US Congress is helping clear up some of the controversies regarding global warming. It finds the warming of the northern hemisphere in the last decades of the 20th century was unprecedented in the past thousand years. It also says the decade of the 1990s was the warmest on record. Authors believe human activities are at least partly responsible for recent warming. The study comes as extreme weather has struck many parts of the United States. There was flooding in parts of the Midwest last week, more heavy rains this week in the southern and eastern United States. Scientists say that the warmer the air, the more evaporated water it holds. Winds pick up more moisture from the hotter ocean surfaces, resulting in heavier and more frequent downpours. Recent data compiled on wildfires indicate an increasing frequency in North America and elsewhere around the world. Scientists say generally over the last five decades snows are melting sooner and faster, producing hot, dry drought conditions in many parts of the world. Weather patterns have natural cycles, but this latest study suggests more frequent extremes of too dry and too wet conditions may exist for the rest of the decade and beyond. B Report 2 Scientists observed the highest air pollution on record above the Arctic Circle in May. Air pollution has been linked to a number of medical problems including heart attacks, asthma and stroke. It is so hot in many parts of the US that officials are cautioning people to stay indoors. Even short exposure to high temperatures can cause serious health problems. Heat is not the only danger factor. Hot weather with little or no wind can lead to high levels of air pollution, especially ozone. Last year researchers in Boston analyzed pollution rates in nine major US cities. They found the risk of stroke was one percent higher on days with relatively higher air pollution. Scientists say while this increase may seem small, it has a huge effect, since the number of people living in pollution-prone cities is so great. Researchers say pollution particles in the air may enter the body through the lungs and irritate the walls of blood vessels, encouraging clots that travel to the brain. The Hopkins scientists found these fine particles can reach the small airways and the air sacks in the lungs. A study found a link between fine particles in air pollution and risk of death It also found that reducing exposure to air pollution decreased the number of deaths associated with pollution. C Report 3 Europe is baking under a heat wave that has sent temperatures soaring past 36 degrees Celsius in some places. The sizzling weather is blamed for the deaths of at least half a dozen people. Temperatures in parts of France were expected to soar as high as 36 degrees Celsius Wednesday. Other parts of Europe are expected to be even hotter. So far, the heat wave has killed at least six people around Europe, including three in France. The heat is accompanied by unusually dry weather in many places. The sizzling scenario seems very similar to the heat wave of 2003, when heat was linked to the deaths of roughly 30000 people around Europe, half of them in France. Things are different this summer. French social workers and ordinary French are checking in on older people, to make sure they're OK. The government has established a weather warning system, and a help hot line for the elderly and other fragile people. Other European countries are taking similar preventative measures. Nobody wants a repeat of the killer heat wave of 2003. D Report 4 Eleven days of triple digit temperatures in California are taking a toll on the state agricultural industry. Meteorologists expect the deadly heat wave that has killed at least 60 people could subside by this weekend. But the relief may be too late for many California farmers. California dairy farmer Hank Van Excel is doing his best to keep his herds comfortable. But the effect of the heat on his dairy cows is evident. He has lost 14 cows and says milk production is down more than 20 percent. The heat has led to emergency declarations in several counties. The heat has been unprecedented. It's been oppressively hot at night. All of these factors coming together have made it very challenging for the local community. "And California's $ 50 billion-a-year dairy industry is not the only victim. In vineyard, the scorching temperatures will affect the taste of the wines and grapes are beyond raisin. Over in the tomato fields, the heat has killed about 15 percent of the blossoms that typically yield 46000 tons of tomatoes per season. People obviously losing money as the days continue to be hot. It's a story repeated in peach orchards and walnut groves and melon patches up and down the state. It's too early to assess total damages but consumers will feel the heat in their pocketbooks. The consumers deal with it in the prices they're going to pay when they go to the store or when they go to the restaurant./

填空题was a special Administrative Region within one country with a high degree of autonomy?

填空题Scientists Say Plants Helped Ants Evolve Ants evolved far earlier than (1) believed, as far back as 140 million to 168 million years ago -- and they have plants to (2) for their diversity, U.S. researchers reported on Thursday. Researchers at Harvard University used a genetic clock to reconstruct the history of ants, and found that the ant family (3) arose more than 40 million years (4) than previously thought. The family did not diversify into different genera and species (5) flowering plants came (6) the scene, they said. The study sheds light on one of the (7) important and numerous animals, which includes hundreds of (8) species. "We (9) that ant diversification took off (10) 100 million years ago, along with the rise of flowering plants, the angiosperms," Naomi Pierce, a professor of biology who (11) the study, said in a statement. "These (12) provided ants with new habitats (13) in the forest canopy and in the more complex leaf litter on the forest floor, and the herbivorous insects that evolved alongside flowering plants provided food for (14) ." Writing in Friday's (15) of the journal Science, the researchers said they reconstructed the ant family tree (16) DNA sequencing of six genes from 139 ant genera, encompassing 19 of 20 ant subfamilies around the world. Such "molecular clocks" are (17) used, alongside fossil and other evidence, to (18) how old species are. They work on the basis that DNA mutates at a steady and calculable (19) . "Ants are a dominant feature of nearly all terrestrial ecosystems, and yet we know surprisingly little about their evolutionary history: the major groupings of ants, how they are (20) to each other, and when and how they arose," said graduate student Corrie Moreau.

填空题But in preserving the balance we have to be clear where the problem actually lies. Of the total carbon dioxide emissions caused by burning fossil fuels, only 20 percent comes from transportation. 80 percent comes from static uses of energy — the energy used in our homes, in industry and in power generation. Of the total, 43 percent comes from petroleum, (67) On top of that, a further one megaton is produced by our chemical operations. If you add to that the carbon produced by the consumption of the products we produce — the total goes up to around 95 megatons. That is just 1 percent of the total carbon dioxide emissions which come from all human activity. (68) Only a fraction of the total emissions come from the transportation sector — so the problem is not just caused by vehicles. Any response which is going to have a real impact has to look at all the sources. That means ensuring our own house is in order. It also means contributing to the wider analysis of the problem — through research, technology and through engagement in the search for the best public policy mechanisms — the actions which can produce the right solutions for the long-term common interest. We have a responsibility to act, and I hope that through our actions we can contribute to the much wider process which is desirable and necessary. First we will monitor and control our own carbon dioxide emissions. This follows the commitment we've made in relation to other environmental issues. Our overall goal is to do no harm or damage to the natural environment. That's an ambitious goal which we approach systematically. (69) Now, as well as continuing our efforts in relation to the other greenhouse gases, it is time to establish a similar process for carbon dioxide. Our carbon dioxide emissions result from burning hydrocarbon fuels to produce heat and power, from flaring feed and product gases, and directly from the process of separation or transformation. So far our approach to carbon dioxide has been indirect and has mainly come through improvements in the energy efficiency of our production processes. Over the last decade, efficiency in our major manufacturing activities has improved by 20 percent. (70) It is a learning process — just as it has been with the other emissions we've targeted but the learning is cumulative and I think it will have a substantial impact. Other steps will require investment to make existing facilities more energy efficient. For instance, we're researching ways in which we can remove the carbon dioxide from large compressors and reinject it to improve oil recovery. That would bring a double benefit — a cut in emissions and an improvement in production efficiency. The task is particularly challenging in the refining sector where the production of cleaner products requires more extensive processing and a higher energy demand for each unit of output. That means that to make gasoline cleaner, with lower sulphur levels, takes more energy at the manufacturing stage. That's the trade off. In each case our aim will be to establish a database, including benchmark data; to create a monitoring process, and then to develop targets for improvement through operational line management. (71) We will increase our support for that work. That support will be focused on finding solutions and will be directed to work of high quality which we believe can address the key outstanding questions. A. Let me put that another way — to be clear. Human activity accounts for a small part of the total volume of emissions of carbon — but it is that part which could cause disequilibrium. B. As I said a few moments ago, there are still areas of significant uncertainty around the subject of climate change. Those who tell you they know all the answers are fools or knaves. More research is needed — on the detail of cause and effect, on the consequences of what appears to be happening, and on the effectiveness of the various actions which can be taken. C. Monitoring and controlling emissions is one step. The second is to increase the level of support we give to the continuing scientific work which is necessary. D. Now we want to go further. We have to continue to improve the efficiency with which we use energy. And in addition we need a better understanding of how our own emissions of carbon can be monitored and controlled, using a variety of measures including sequestration. It is a very simple business lesson that what gets measured gets managed. E. Our method has been to focus on one item at a time, to identify what can be delivered, to establish monitoring processes and targets as part of our internal management system and to put in place an external confirmation of delivery. In most cases the approach has meant that we've been able to go well beyond the regulatory requirements. F. We've looked carefully, using the best available data, at the precise impact of our own activities. Our operations — in exploration and in refining — produce around eight megatons of carbon.

填空题As the Internet has rapidly become a mainstream medium, the social impact of the Internet has been a topic of ongoing debate. Some studies have found that Internet use is associated with reduced social networks and increased loneliness. Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, 1 to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people 2 spent just a few hours a week 3 the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness 4 those who logged on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn"t 5 people who were already feeling had spent more time on the internet, 6 that using the Net actually appeared to 7 the bad feelings. Researchers are puzzling over the results, 8 were completely contrary 9 their expectation. They expected that the Net would 10 socially healthier than television, since the Net allows 11 to choose their information and to communicate 12 others. The fact 13 Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account 14 the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless "virtual" communication may be less psychologically satisfying than 15 conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. 16 possibility is that exposure 17 the wider world via the Net makes users less 18 with their lives. "But it"s important to remember this is 19 about the technology, per se; it"s about 20 it is used," says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study"s sponsors. "It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology."

填空题You will hear a talk about World Trade Organization. As you listen, you must answer Questions 35 to 44 by writing not more than three words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk twice. You now have I minute to read Questions 35 to 44.

填空题 {{B}} Which book...{{/B}}·places an stress on something that can hardly be learnt at school? 71. ______.·is particularly helpful for those who fear changes? 72. ______.·tells readers it doesn't follow that those who don't have good academic achieve- ·ment will not make a fortune? 73. ______.·is not written by a single writer? 74. ______.·tells a very simple story but it contains many messages? 75. ______.·seems not to express ideas straightforward? 76. ______.·is written by the one who also wrote a lot of other works with other writers? 77. ______.·is probably full of facts? 78. ______.·is not only statistical but also interesting? 79. ______.·is not related to finance? 80. ______.{{B}}A{{/B}} Change can be a blessing or a curse, depending on your perspective. The message of Who Moved My Cheese? is that all can come to see it as a blessing, if they understand the nature of cheese and the role it plays in their lives. Who Moved My Cheese? is a parable that takes place in a maze. Four beings live in that maze: Sniff and Scurry are mice--nonanalytical and nonjudgmental, they just want cheese and are willing to do whatever it takes to get it; Hem and Haw are "little people", mouse-size humans who have an entirely different relationship with cheese. It's not just sustenance to them; it's their self-image. Their lives and belief systems are built around the cheese they've found. Most of us reading the story will see the cheese as something related to our livelihoods--our jobs, our career path, the industries we work in--although it can stand for anything, from health to relationships. The point of the story is that we have to be alert to changes in the cheese, and be prepared to go running off in search of new sources of cheese when the cheese we have runs out. Dr. Johnson, co-author of The One Minute Manager and many other books, presents this parable to business, church groups, schools, military orgazinations--any place where you find people who may be nervous about or resist change. And although more analytical and skeptical readers may find the tale a little too simplistic, its beauty is that it sums up all natural history in just 94 pages: Thingy change. They always have changed and always will change. And while there's no single way to deal with change, the consequence of pretending change won't happen is always the same: The cheese runs out.{{B}}B{{/B}} Personal-finance author and lecturer Robert Kiyosaki established his unique economic perspective through exposure to a pair of disparate influences: his own highly educated but fiscally unstable father, and the multimillionaire eighth-grade dropout father of his closest friend. The lifelong monetary problems experienced by his "poor dad" (whose weekly paychecks, while respectable, were never quite sufficient to meet family needs) pounded home the counterpoint communicated by his "rich dad" (that "the poor and the middle class work for money", but "the rich have money work for them"). Taking that message to heart, Kiyosaki was able to retire at 47. Rich Dad, Poor Dad, written with consultant and CPA Sharon L. Lechter, lays out the philosophy behind his relationship with money. Although Kiyosaki can take a frustratingly long time to make his points, his book nonetheless compellingly advocates for the type of "financial literacy" that's never taught in schools. Based on the principle that income-generating assets always provide healthier bottom-line results than even the best of traditional jobs, it explains how those assets might be acquired so that the jobs can eventually be shed.{{B}}C{{/B}} What do you do after you've written the NO. 1 best-seller The Millionaire Next Door? Survey 1, 371 more millionaires and write The Millionaire Mind. Dr. Stanley's extremely timely tone is mixture of entertaining elements. It resembles Regis Philbin's hit show(and CD-ROM game) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, only you have to pose real-life questions, instead of quizzing about trivia. Are you gambling, divorce-prone, conspicuously consuming "Income-Statement Affluent" Jacuzzi fool soon to be parted from his or her money, or a frugal, Noyal, resole your shoes and buy your own groceries type like one of Stanley' s "Balance-Sheet Affluent" millionaires? "Cheap dates, "millionaires are 4.9 times likelier to play with their grandkids than shop at Brooks Brothers. "If you asked the average American what it takes to be a millionaire," he writes, "they'd probably quoted a number of predictable factors: inheritance, luck, stock market investments... Topping his list would be a high IQ, high SAT scores and gradepoint average, along with attendance at a top college." No way, says Stanley, backing it up with data he compiled with help from the University of Georgia and Harvard geodemographer Jon Robbin. Robbin may wish he'd majored in socializing at LSU, instead, because the numbers show the average millionaire had a lowly 2.92 GPA, SAT scores between 1100 and 1190, and teachers who told them they were mediocre students but personable people. "Discipline 101 and Tenacity 102' made them wealth. Stanley got straight C's in English and writing, but he had money-minded drive. He urges you to pattern your life according to Yale professor Robert Sternberg's Successful Intelligence, because Stanley's statistics bear out Sternberg's theories on what makes minds succeed--and it is not IQ. Besides offering insights into millionaires' pinchpenny ways, pleasing quips("big brain, no bucks" ), and 46 statistical charts with catchy titles, Stanley' s book booms with human-potential pep talk and bristles with anecdotes--for example, about a bus driver who made $ 3 million, a doctor(reporting that his training gave him zero people skills)who lost $ 1.5 million, and a loser scholar in the bottom 10 percent on six GRE tests who grew up to be Martin Luther King Jr. Read it and you'll feel like a million bucks.