单选题{{I}} Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following talk on printing. You now have I5 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.{{/I}}

单选题We gather from the passage that his main purpose in travelling was to ______.

单选题Why will the Japanese reduce the price at 5 per cent？ Because ______. 　　（1）the Japanese producer holds a large quantity of stores and can't sell them out 　　（2）the Japanese have improved their production means and can turn out more products 　　（3）they expect to go on dealing with the Irish in the coming year 　　（4）the Irish think the prices in the past are unfair 　　（5）they try to sell more products in the past are unfair 　　（6）they want to appreciate the Irish's co-operation

单选题Does caffeine affect the heart? In 1972 and 1973 Dr. Hershel Jick and fellow researchers at the Boston University Medical Center published two studies on coffee and myocardial infarction, the most common type of heart attack. They concluded that people who drank one to five cups of coffee daily ran a 50-percent greater risk of heart attack than those who drank no coffee, and that those who drank six or more cups daily were at ll0-percent greater risk. On the surface this made sense, for coffee can influence pulse rate and blood pressure. But other scientists criticized Jick and questioned his methods of selecting subjects for the study. They noted that Jick had found no link between myocardial infarction and the drinking of tea, which also contains caffeine. And they asked why he had overlooked the possibility that heavy coffee drinking and heart problems might both be results of certain personality traits. Other major studies contradicted Jick's findings. In the Framingham heart-disease epidemiology study, researchers began in 1949 to monitor more than 5 100 citizens of the Massachusetts town. They found no link between coffee consumption sumption and heart problems. A similar study on 2 500 Georgia residents and another on 1 700 men in Chicago also failed to connect heart disease and coffee drinking. Dr. Jick's studies have been interpreted by other scientists to show that coffee drinkers are more likely to survive a heart attack than are non-drinkers, because caffeine acts as a mild stimulant. For people with arrhythmia(irregularity of heartbeat), coffee drinking should be approved by a physician, because heavy doses of caffeine can alter heart rhythms. Those with high blood pressure should also consult their doctors because caffeine might raise that pressure. Several studies on laboratory animals have found evidence that caffeine can elevate the level of free fatty acids, lipids and cholesterol in the blood. But most of the major studies find little or no link between heart disease and coffee drinking.

单选题Questions 1～3 are based on the following passage; listen and choose the best answer.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} The linear flight formations of migratory birds are called echelons. The V and the J structures are typical and are the most readily recognized flock echelons, but other variations also occur. Studies of several species have shown that a true V-shaped echelon is, in fact, less common than a J formation is. There are two well-supported and complementary explanations for why birds fly in formation. One is to conserve energy by taking advantage of the upward vortex fields created by the wings of the birds in front. The other is to facilitate orientation and communication among the birds. These explanations are not mutually exclusive, and both have been backed by a variety of studies. The relative importance of each undoubtedly shifts as various factors, such as the season of the year or the purpose of individual flights, change. During local feeding flights, for example, energy conservation is probably much less important than careful orientation and collision avoidance are. During long-distance migration, orientation and communication remain necessary, but there is also much to be gained for each bird in the flock by optimizing its position to conserve energy. Fluid dynamics and energy wave configuration calculations have been used to test predictions of where birds should position themselves in relation to others to conserve the most energy as they travel through the air. Analyses of flock formations using photography have measured bird positions and found them to almost always be located such that they gain some energetic advantage. The animals are not very often in the expected optimal location, however, indicating that other factors also influence position in the formation. Knowledge of birds' visual axes, "blind spots" and field of vision has allowed researchers to pinpoint the best locations for birds within a flock to maintain optimal visual positioning. Actual positions of the animals are usually positively related to these predictions but are, again, not always optimal. Studies have categorized the positions of birds and found that some individuals take positions that are most closely predicted to satisfy the energy conservation hypothesis; others are in better visual contact positions; and still others are not apparently responding to either benefit or are in a position that should gain some advantage from both benefits. The leaders of formations change from time to time, but the causes, frequency and characteristics of these changes have not yet been determined. Sustained observation from the ground of flocks covering great distances in the air is very difficult. There are plenty of intuitive predictions about leader choice that quickly come to mind relative to the age, experience, sex, condition and social status of the leaders, but researchers have not figured out how to overcome the prohibitive logistic issues to test them. Some scientists have trained birds to fly in formation with small aircraft; perhaps their experiences will yield opportunities to test these ideas.

单选题 Questions 11 to 13 are based on a talk about one of the World Wonders, the legendary Hanging Gardens. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.

单选题{{I}}Questions 17-20 are based on the following conversation. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 -20{{/I}}

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Ours is a world in which no individual, and no country, exits in isolation. All of us live simultaneously in our own communities and in the world at large. The same icons, whether on a movie screen or computer screen, are recognizable from Berlin to Bangalore. We are all influenced by the same tides of political, social and technological change. Pollution, organized crime and tile proliferation of deadly weapons likewise show little regard for the niceties of borders; they are "problems without passports". We are connected, wired, interdependent. Much of this is nothing new — human beings have interacted across the planet for centuries. But today's "globalization" is different. It is happening more rapidly. And it is governed by different rules or, in some cases, by no rules at all. Globalization is bringing us new choices and opportunities. It is making us more familiar with global diversity. Yet, millions of people experience it not as an agent of progress, but as a disruptive force that can destroy lives, jobs and traditions. Faced with the potential good of globalization as well as its risks, faced with the persistence of deadly conflicts in which civilians are the primary targets, faced with the pervasiveness of poverty and injustice, we must be able to identify the areas where collective action is needed to safeguard global interests. Local communities have their fire departments and town councils. Nations have their courts and legislatures. But in today's globalized world, the mechanisms available for global action are hardly more than {{U}}embryonic{{/U}}. It is high time we gave more concrete meaning to the idea of the "international community". What makes a community? What binds it together? For some it is faith. For others it is the defense of an idea, such as democracy. Some communities are homogeneous, others multicultural. Some are as small as schools and villages; others as large as continents. Specifically, what binds us into an international community? In the broadest sense there is a shared vision of a better world for all people, as set out, for example, in the founding Charter of the United Nations. There is our sense of common vulnerability in the face of global warming and the spread of weapons of mass destruction. There is the framework of international law, treaties and human-rights conventions. There is equally our sense of shared opportunity, which is why we build common markets and joint institutions such as the United Nations. Together, we are stronger.

单选题WhatisADD?A.Overlyactiveandunabletocontroltheirbehavior.B.Forgeteasilyandneverseemtofinishtask.C.Achemicalimbalanceinthebrain.D.Learningdisabilities.

单选题{{I}} Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following talk on the world's changing climate. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.{{/I}}

单选题 {{I}}Questions 14～16 are based on the following conversation. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14～16.{{/I}}

单选题Which of the following factors did not contribute to the London dialect becoming Standard English?

单选题Howmuchtimedothemanandthewomanhavebeforetheyaddresstheclass?A.Lessthantenminutes.B.Abouttwentyminutes.C.Fortyfiveminutes.D.Overanhour.

单选题Questions 14 to 16 are based on a conversation between two persons talking about computer. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 to 16.

单选题

单选题{{I}}Questions 17 ～ 20 are based on the following talk. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 ～ 20.{{/I}}

单选题Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American astronauts in tip-top condition, with fair hair, crew-cuts, good teeth, an uncomplicated sense of humour and a severely limited non-technical vocabulary.　　What marks out an astronaut from his earthbound fellow human beings is something of a difficult problem. Should you wish to interview him, you must apply beforehand, and you must be prepared for a longish wait, even if your application meets with success. It is, in any case, out of the question to interview an astronaut about his family life or personal activities, because all the astronauts have con- tracts with an American magazine under conditions forbidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives.　　Certain obvious qualities are needed. Any would be spaceman must be in perfect health, must have powers of concentration ( since work inside a spacecraft is exceptionally demanding) and must have considerable courage. Again, space-work calls for dedication. Courage and dedication are particularly essential. In the well-known case of the Challenger seven crew members lost their lives in space because of the faulty equipment in the shuttle. Another must is outstanding scientific expertise. It goes without saying that they all have to have professional aeronautical qualifications and experience.　　A striking feature of the astronauts is their ages. For the younger man, in his twenties, say, space is out. Only one of the fifty men working for NASA in 1970 was under 30. The oldest astronaut to date is Alan Shepard, America's first man in space, who, at nearly fifty, was also the man who captained Apollo 13. The average age is the late thirties. The crew members of Apollo 11 were all born well before the Second World War. In 1986 the Challenger astronauts had an average age of 39. The range was from 35 to 46.　　In a society where marital continuity is not always exhibited, the astronauts' record in this respect hits you in the eye. Of all the married men in NASA group, only two or three are divorced from their wives. Mind you, it is hard to tell whether something in the basic character of an astronaut encourages fidelity or whether the selection process demands that a candidate should be happily married.　　The NASA astronauts live in unattractive small communities dotted here and there around the base in Texas. You would expect them to find their friends from among their professional associates, but this is not the case. Rather, they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts, A good job, too, Astronauts, like everybody else, must get fed up with talking shop all the time, and, whereas they are indeed an elite, their daily life outside work should be as normal as possible, if only for the sake of their families.　　As for the astronauts' political leanings, they seem to be towards the right. This may be due to the fact that a large proportion of the astronauts have a military background. On the other hand, it could be just coincidence.

单选题Questions 14 to 17 are based on an interview about swimming. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 to 17.