单选题InwhichstatewasEmilyDicksonborn?A.Michigan.B.Ohio.C.Massachusetts.D.Washington.

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} Letter-writing goes back thousands of years but heated up during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Historically(perhaps now)letters were indicators of status and breeding. Like conversation, they were used to manipulate, embellish, entertain, threaten, seduce and of course do business. On the way home from discovering America, Christopher Columbus got caught in a storm and his mind turned—as a good bourgeois parent—to his two sons. Who would pay their school fees if he came to a watery end? He picked up a quill and documented his accomplishments on the voyage for his Spanish patrons, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, rolled up the letter in a wooden Madeira cask and threw it into the sea. This was not so much for posterity but rather what University of York professor William H. Sherman has called "a father's desperate petition for the future support of his children." The 18th century was strong on the epistolary book, which made authors' quarrels especially amusing. Tobias Smollett wrote Travels Through France is this the fruit of your Promises and Vows ... how comes it then to pass, that you forsake me, ruine my Reputation, and leave me to become the Map of Shame and Ignominy ..." I long to use the Map of Shame bit but I suspect it was as unhelpful then as boiling bunnies is now. A Vanderbilt University study says children taught cursive writing learn and express themselves better. If so, I have a few suggestions for our educators; How about letters "On Reprimanding a Person of Difference Without Incurring Hate Charges", or "An Ailing Citizen to His Callous Minister of Health." The possibilities are, sadly, limitless.

单选题Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following talk on the world's changing climate. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.

单选题As we age, the lenses in our eyes lose their flexibility (灵活性). Eventually, most of us need glasses for reading. The problem is that reading glasses will not work for seeing distant object, so we need bifocals, trifocals or multiple pairs of spectacles. This soon may change if a new development by The Egg Factory proves its worth. Optometrist (验光师，配镜师) Ronald D. Blum, head of The Egg Factory and its subsidiary eVision LLC, is leading the development of glasses that automatically change their focus as the wearer looks at objects at different distances. The eVision researchers claim to have produced a "crude" working prototype. The idea is based on patented technology from Motorola Inc. that describes eyeglasses with lenses that change their refractive (反射的，反光的) index when a voltage is applied. The eVision"s lenses are broken up into pixels that also respond to voltage by changing the refractive index. The glasses would carry a small onboard computer and infrared (红外线的) rangefinder (测距仪) that would determine the focal distance and transmit this information to the computer, which would adjust the refractive index of the pixels accordingly. Besides the ease of handling only one pair of glasses, the system offers people two other benefits. Users could cut down on the number of visits to the optician because a prescription change would be accomplished by changing the computer program. In addition, the system theoretically could give users "super vision" by compensating for imperfections in their vision in much the same way that adaptive optics allow astronomers to compensate for atmospheric turbulence. The eVision has several challenges to overcome before the spectacles are ready for market. The lens materials must transmit as much light as possible, and the electronics and chemical contacts must be nearly transparent. The researchers must shrink the computer and IR rangefinder to fit comfortably on a pair of glasses. Another packaging challenge is style. Most consumers will not wear bulky "geek (怪的) glasses" But eVision is undaunted. It believes the technology has the potential to generate more than $1 billion annually within five years.

单选题Paul Straussmann, retired vice president of Xerox,, indicates in his book Information Pay-off that" almost half of the U. S. information workers are in executive, managerial, administrative and professional positions. " He further states that "managers and professionals spend more than half of their time in communicating with each other. " In other words ,people are a corporation"s most expensive resource. For a typical office, over 90 percent of the operating budget is for salaries, benefits and over head. With this investment, is it any wonder that managers are focusing more and more attention on employee productivity? They realize that the paper jungle cannot be tamed simply by hiring more people. To receive a return on their investment, wise corporate executive officers are realizing what industrialists and agriculturists learned long ago--efficient tools are essential for increased productivity. A direct relationship exists between efficient flow of information and the quality and speed of the output of the end product. For those companies using technology, the per document cost of information processing is only a fraction of what it was a few years ago. The decreasing cost of computers and peripherals( equipment tied to the computer) will continue to make technology a cost-effective tool in the future. An example of this type of saving is illustrated in the case of the Western Division of General Telephone and Electronics Company(GTE). By making a one-time investment of $10 million to automate its facilities, management estimates an annual saving of $ 8.5 million for the company. This savings is gained mainly through the elimination of support people once needed for proposal projects. Through a telecommunications network that supports 150 computer terminals with good graphics capabilities, the engineers who conceptualize the projects are now direct participants. They use the graphics capacities of the computer rather than rely on drafters to prepare drawings, they enter their own text rather than employ typists, and they use the network to track project progress rather than conducting meetings.

单选题AccordingtoMr.Tait,whatshouldwedotoimprovethesituationoftoothdecay?A．Spendmoremoneyinfightingtoothdecay.B．Havebettereducation.C．Improvepeople'sstandardofliving.D．Getridofsomeofourteeth.

单选题Banking is about money; and no other familiar commodity arouses such excesses of passion and dislike. Nor is here any other about which more nonsense is talked. The type of thing that comes to mind is not what is normally called economics, which is inexact rather than nonsensical, and only in the same way as all sciences are at the point where they try to predict people's behavior and its consequences. Indeed most social sciences and, for example, medicine could probably be described in the same way. However, it is common to hear assertions of the kind "if you were left alone on a desert island a few seed potatoes would be more useful to you than a million pounds" as though this proved something important about money except the undeniable fact that it would not be much use to anyone in a situation where very few of us are at all likely to find ourselves. Money in fact is a token or symbolic object, exchangeable on demand by its holders for goods and services. Its use for these purposes is universal except within a small number of primitive agricultural communities. Money and the price mechanism, i. e., the changes in prices expressed in money terms of different goods and services, are the means by which all modern societies regulate demand and supply for these things. Especially important are the relative changes in price of different goods and services compared with each other. To take random examples: the price of house-building has over the past five years risen a good deal faster than that of domestic appliances like refrigerators, but slower than that of motor insurance or French Impressionist paintings. This fact has complex implications for students of the industry, trade unionism, town planning, insurance companies, fine-art auctions, and politics. Unpacking these implications is what economics is about, but their implications for bankers are quite different. In general, in modern industrialized societies, prices of services or goods produced in a context requiring a high service-content (e. g. a meal in a restaurant) are likely to rise in price more rapidly than goods capable of mass-production on a large scale. It is also a characteristic of highly developed economies that the number of workers employed in service industries tends to rise and that of workers employed in manufacturing to fall. The discomfort this truth causes has been an important source of tension in western political life for many years and is likely to remain so for many more.

单选题What may be the best title of this passage?

单选题"She was America's princess as much as she was Britain's princess, " wrote the foreign editor of the normally sharp Chicago Tribune a week after the death in Paris of Diana, Princess of Wales. He was not far off the mark. For Americans have indeed taken posthumous possession of Britain's "People's Princess". What was happening? How was it that a nation whose school children are taught in history class to look down on the "tyranny" of the English monarchy, suddenly appeared so supportive of a member of the British royal family? Why was it that numerous American commentators sought to expand into touch the rumour that Diana had planned to move to the United States to live? Part of the answer lies in America's status as the celebrity culture par excellence. It is from their celebrities that many Americans derive their sense of nationhood. Their presidents must be celebrities in order to be elected. Writer and commentator Norman Mailer made the point after the last presidential election that Bill Clinton won because he projected the image of a Hollywood star, while Bob Dole lost because he came across as a supporting actor. What seems to have happened is that the inhabitants of the nation that produced Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley have found it almost impossible to accept that Princess Diana, the world's biggest, classiest contemporary celebrity by far, should have come from another country. Even that, many seemed to say to themselves, was merely an accident of birth; because in many ways she was so American. Her New Age preferences--the astrologers, the psychics, the aromatherapy--were closer to the style of former US First Lady Nancy Reagan than the House of Windsor. Her dieting and her visits to the gym were lifestyle options that were typically American. Her famous TV confession of adultery and her (purportedly unauthorized) tell-all biography were also hallmarks of the American celebrity approach. Like another former First Lady, Jackie Kennedy, she auctioned her dresses-not in London or Pads, but New York. She visited America frequently and felt right at home there, reveling in the generous attentions of the rich and famous and delighting in the unreserved responsiveness of the public to her charms. For she seemed to have adapted brilliantly to another American invention: image manipulation, which all aspirants to political office in the US struggle to learn but which she appeared to have absorbed and refined naturally. She was, in short, a thoroughly modern woman and, like it or not, most of what is modern originates in the United States. But many Americans felt she also had more enduring qualities. Many viewed her as the incarnation of their country's dominant myth. As an editorial in the Miami Herald put it: "She was an American dream, a superstar Cinderella with the polish of a natural-born socialite... In a way she fulfilled the American dream: to emerge from insignificance and overcome hardship and make something of herself. " Elaine Showalter, a student of American popular culture who teaches English at Princeton University, noted the difference between the dullness of Prince Charles and Diana's "very American sensibility". "We have a sense here in America that anything is possible, that you are not a predetermined person; that if you are a woman from whom nothing is expected but you want to make your life count, you can do it. She shared that spirit and that's why she appealed so much to Americans. /

单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} Suppose you lost a lot of blood, what would a doctor do? Replace the blood as quickly as possible by giving you a transfusion of blood donated by another person. But the doctor can't use just anyone's blood. The donor's blood has to be of a type that won't be destroyed by your blood. Blood type? What's that? To find your blood type, the doctor sends your blood to a laboratory. There your red cells are separated from the other parts of your blood. These ceils may have certain antigens (special proteins) on their surfaces—"A" antigens and/or "B" antigens. If your red ceils have "A" antigens you are Type A; "B" antigens make you Type B; both "A" and "B" make you Type AB; neither "A" nor "B' antigens makes you Type O. How do you find these antigens? A lab technician mixes your red blood cells with two kinds of blood serum. One contains anti-A antibodies. The other kind contains anti-B antibodies. An antibody is a substance that "attacks" a particular antigen, in this case "A" or "B" antigens. The technician then looks at each mixture under a microscope to see what will happen to your red blood cells. Certain mixtures may make your red cells clump together. By finding which mixtures do this and which do not, the technician can figure out your blood type. But blood typing isn't the only reason to have a blood test taken. It can also check for signs of infection. How? When you have an infection, especially a serious one, the number of white blood cells soars. This is normal response of your body to an invasion of germs. This time a sample of blood goes to the lab for a CBC — complete blood count. A technician will examine your blood under a microscope — counting the white cells in a small marked-off area If the number is much higher than it ought to be, the doctor may need to treat you to be sure the infection doesn't spread. Other blood tests can determine the concentration of various chemicals in your blood or the variety and types of blood cells circulating in the blood. The information hidden in a drop of blood may lead a doctor to suggest ways to treat, or avoid dangerous health conditions. Was the stick in the finger or arm necessary? If protecting yourself from danger is necessary, the answer has got to be... yes!

单选题 {{B}} Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following talk on the Oscar nominations for the 79th Academy Awards. You now have l5 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.{{/B}}

单选题Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following news report. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 to 16.

单选题Which of the following about the Japanese aim of existence can be inferred from the passage?

单选题 Questions 14～16 are based on the following conversation. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14～16.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} Not long ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mail slot. The envelope was addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. The envelope wasn't sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was blank. Ed, my husband, explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper deliveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted a holiday tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. When your services are rendered at 4 a. m. , you can't simply hang around, like a hotel bellboy expecting a tip. You have to be direct. So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imagination, fires The New York Times from his hike aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks. With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. —wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite: I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past. I honestly hadn't realized I was supposed to. This was the first time he'd used the card tactic. So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style protection racket (收取保护费的黑社会组织) Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back from the curb when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadn't enclosed his own Christmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. "I know you don't care how merry my Christmas is, and that's fine," the gesture said. "I want $ 30, or I'll 'forget' to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day." I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning, Ed noticed that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadn't yet been picked up: "Someone stole Mickey's tip !" Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check. But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank on our steps. The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled. The following Tuesday morning, when Ed saw a truck outside , he ran out with his wallet. "Are you Mickey?" The man looked at him with scorn. "Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling. " Not only had Ed insulted this man by hinting that he was a garbageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for more funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole transaction. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. "Anyone else?" Had we consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute, this embarrassing breach of etiquette (礼节) could have been avoided. Under "trash/recycling collectors" in the institute' s Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says, " $10 to $ 30 each. " You may or may not wish to know that your pet groomer, hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy all expect a holiday tip.

单选题British Prime Minister Tony Blair belongs to ______. A. Democratic Party B. Whig Party C. Liberal Praty D. Labor Party

单选题 You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. Questions 11—13 are based on the following conversation.

单选题Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.Thehumannoseasanorganforbreathingandsmelling.B.Thenoseprovidinguswithvariousexpressions.C.Awomanpoet'swishtohavetwonoses.D.InterestingcommentsmadeonCleopatra'snose.

单选题{{B}}Part C{{/B}} Read the following text and answer questions 1—10 by choosing A, B, C or D. Some choices may be required more than once. A = Washington D.C. B=New York City C=Chicago D=Los Angeles 71．________ is the head quarters of the Supreme Court. 72．________ was discovered as early as 1524 73．________ has served as the capital of the country. 74．________ is now the largest industrial city in the country. 75．________ leads the country in the manufacture of aircraft and spare parts. 76．________ is the largest city. 77．________ is the second largest city in population in U.S.A.. 78．________ has become one of the world' s busiest ports. 79．________ covers an area of over 69 square miles. 80．________ is now considered the center of industry, transportation, commerce and finance in the midwest area. 1. Washington D.C. Washington, the capital of the United States, is in Washington D.C. and is situated on the Potomac River between the two states of Maryland and Virginia. The population of the city is about 800,000 and it covers an area of over 69 square miles (including 8 square miles of water surface). The section was named the District of Columbia after Christopher Columbus, who discovered the continent. The city itself was named Washington after George Washington, the first president of U.S.A. The building of the city was accomplished in 1800 and since that year, it has served as the capital of the country. Thomas Jefferson was the first president inaugurated there. In the War of 1812, the British army seized the city, burning the White House and many other buildings. Washington is the' headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system: Congress, the Supreme Court and the Presidency. Apart from the government buildings, there are also some other places of interest such as the Washington Monument, the Lincoln Memorial, the Jefferson Memorial, the Library of Congress and Mt. Vernon, home of George Washington. 2. New York City New York City, located in New York State, is the largest city and the chief port of the United States. The city of New York has a population of over 7 million (1970) and Metropolitan, 12 million. The city has five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond. The city with its good harbor was discovered as early as 1524, and it was established by the Dutch who named the city New Amsterdam. In 1664, the city was taken by the English and it got the name New York as it bears now. During the American Revolution in 1776, George Washington had his headquarters for a time in New York City. The Declaration of Independence was first read there on July 4th, 1776. The city remained the nation's capital until 1790. New York became an important port early in the last century. A large portion of the national exports passed through New York Harbor. New York has become one of the world's busiest ports and also the financial, manufacturing, and travel center of the country. Some of the places of interest in the city are: the Statue of Liberty (152 meters high) which was given by the French people to the American people as a gift in 1877. It was erected on Liberty Island in the middle of New York Harbor. Broadway, Wall Street and Fifth Avenue are a few of New York's more famous streets. Wall Street, where many famous banks are centered, is the financial center of America and has become a symbol of the American monopoly capitalism. Fifth Avenue is the street with famous stores and shops. Time Square is in the center of New York City, at Broadway and 42nd Street. Greenwich Village is an art center. Many American artists and writers have lived and worked there. The group of the third largest city buildings of the United Nations stand along the East River at the end of the 42nd Street. 3. Chicago Chicago, the second largest city in population in the United States, lies on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan at a point where the Chicago River enters the lake. The city is now the largest industrial city in the country. Both heavy and light industries are highly developed, particularly the former. Black metallurgical industry and meat processing are assumed to be the head in the US It is now considered the center of industry, transportation, commerce and finance in the midwest area. The working class in Chicago has a glorious revolutionary tradition. On May 1st, 1886, thousands upon thousands of workers in the city and the country went on strike for the eight-hour workday and succeeded. Since 1890, May 1st has been observed every year as an International Labor Day. On March 8th, 1909, women workers in Chicago held a big strike for freedom and equal rights with men and since 1910, March 8th has been celebrated each year as an International Working Woman's Day. 4. Los Angeles Los Angeles is situated near the Pacific coast in California. It is an important center of shipping, industry and communication. The city was first founded by a Spanish explorer in 1542 and turned over to the US in 1845. The city leads the country in the manufacture of aircraft and spare parts and the area has become an aviation center. California is a leading state in the production of electronic products and the area of Los Angeles has grown into an important electronic center. Since the first American movie was made in Los Angeles in 1908, the city has remained the film center of the United States. Hollywood, the base of the film industry in the city, is a world famous film producing center.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1. {{B}}Text 1{{/B}} As long as her parents can remember, 13-year-old Katie Hart has been talking about going to college. Her mother, Tally, a financial-aid officer at a California University, knows all too well the daunting thing of paying for a college education. Last year the average yearly tuition at a private, four-year school climbed 5.5 percent to more than $17,000. The Harts have started saving, and figure they can afford a public university without a problem. But what if Katie applies to Princeton (she's threatening), where one year's tuition, room and board—almost $34, 000 in 2007—will cost more than some luxury cars? Even a number cruncher like Tally admits it's a little scary, especially since she'll retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time. Paying for college has always been a hard endeavor. The good news: last year students collected $ 74 billion in financial aid, the most ever. Most families pay less than full freight. Sixty percent of public-university students and three quarters of those at private colleges receive some form of financial aid—mostly, these days, in the form of loans. But those numbers are not as encouraging as they appear for lower-income families, because schools are changing their formulas for distributing aid. Eager to boost their magazine rankings, which are based in part on the test scores of entering freshmen, they're throwing more aid at smarter kids—whether they need it or not. The best way to prepare is to start saving early. A new law passed last year makes that easier for some families. So-called 529 plans allow parents to sock away funds in federal-tax-free-investment accounts, as long as the money is used for "qualified education expenses" like tuition, room and board. The plans aren't for everyone. For tax reasons, some lower and middle income families may be better off choosing other investments. But saving is vital. When's the best time to start? "Sometime," says Jack Joyce of the College Board, "between the maternity ward and middle school. " Aid packages usually come in some combination of grants, loans and jobs. These days 60 percent of all aid comes in the form of low-interest loans. All students are eligible for "unsubsidized" federal Stafford loans, which let them defer interest payments until after graduation. Students who can demonstrate need can also qualify for federal Perkins loans or "subsidized" Staffords, where the government pays the interest during school. Fortunately, this is a borrower' s market. "Interest rates are at their lowest level in the history of student loans," says Mark Kantrowitz, publisher of Finaid. Kantrowitz expects rates to fall even further when they're reviewed this summer. Traditional scholarships, academic or athletic, are still a part of many families' planning. Mack Reiter, a 17-year-old national wrestling champion, gets so many recruiting letters he throws most away. He'll almost certainly get a free ride. Without it, "we would really be in a bind," says his mother, Janet. For everyone else, it's worth the effort to pick through local and national scholarship offerings, which can be found on Web sites like college-board, com.