填空题《复合题被拆开情况》 Some doctors are taking an unusual new approach to communicate better with patients—they are letting【C1】________read the notes that physicians normally share only with each other. After mee

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》 Pay and productivity, it is generally assumed, should be related. But the relationship seems to weaken【C1】________people get older. Mental ability declines【C2】________age. That is the same

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》 Pay and productivity, it is generally assumed, should be related. But the relationship seems to weaken【C1】________people get older. Mental ability declines【C2】________age. That is the same

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》 I always eat breakfast, and suggest that you do too. We all need food in the morning to supply ourselves【C1】________sources of glucose,【C2】________is not stored in the body and【C3】________n

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》According to Casey, what do designers often forget in designing a system or a product?

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》 Among the raft of books, articles, jokes, romantic comedies, self-help guides and other writings discussing marriage, some familiar ideas often crop up. Few appear more often than the【C1】__

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》 Some doctors are taking an unusual new approach to communicate better with patients—they are letting【C1】________read the notes that physicians normally share only with each other. After mee

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》 Among the raft of books, articles, jokes, romantic comedies, self-help guides and other writings discussing marriage, some familiar ideas often crop up. Few appear more often than the【C1】__

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》 Between 1852, when【C1】________was first established that Mount Everest was the highest mountain on earth, and 1953, when Edmund Hillary, and Tenzing Norgay finally reached the peak’s summit

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》In his book Mr. Brooks describes the robotics present and________.

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》According to Casey, what do designers often forget in designing a system or a product?《问题》：When talking about human errors, what term does Casey prefer to use?

阅读理解In an up market restaurant near Cambridge city centre, twelve young men and women sit around a large, linen-covered table set with plates and dishes, glasses and cutlery. To one side is a man in a wheelchair. He is older than the others. He looks terribly frain, almost withered away to nothing, slumped motionless and seemingly lifeless against the black cloth cushion of his wheelchair. His hands, thin and pale, the fingers slender, lie in his lap. Set into the centre of his sinewy throat, just below the collar of his open-necked shirt, is a plastic breathing device about two inches in diameter. But despite his disabilities, his face is alive and boyish, neatly brushed brown hair falling across his brow, only the lines beneath his eyes belying the fact that he is a contemporary of Keith Richards and Donald Trump. His head lolls forward, but from behind steel-rimmed spectacles his clear blue eyes are alert, raised slightly to survey the other faces around him. 66. ( ) There is an air of excitement in the restaurant. Around this man the young people laugh and joke, and occasionally address him or make a flippant remark in his direction. A moment later the babble of human voices is cut through by a rasping sound, a metallic voice, like something from the set of Star Wars — the man in the wheelchair makes a response which brings peals of laughter from the whole table. 67. ( ) As the diners begin their main course there is a commotion at the restaurant''s entrance. A few moments later, the head waiter walks towards the table escorting a smiling redhead in a fake-fur coat. Everyone at the table turns her way as she approaches and there is an air of hushed expectation as she smiles across at them and says "Hello" to the gathering. She appears far younger than her eyes and looks terribly glamorous, a fact exaggerated by the general scruffiness of the young people at the table. Only the older man in the wheelchair is neatly dressed, in a plain jacket and neatly pressed shirt, his immaculately smart nurse beside him. "I''m so sorry I''m late," she says to the party. "My car was wheel-clamped in London. " Then she adds, laughing, " There must be some cosmic significance in that!" Faces look towards her and smile, and the man in the wheelchair beams. She walks around the table towards him, as his nurse stands at his side. 68. ( ) For the rest of the meal Shirley McLaine sits next to her host, playing him with question after question in an attempt to discover his views on subjects which concern her deeply. She is interested in metaphysics and spiritual matters. Having spoken to holy men and teachers around the world, she has formulated her own personal theories concerning the meaning of existence. She has strong beliefs about the meaning of life and the reason for our being here, the creation of the Universe and the existence of God. But they are only beliefs. The man beside her is perhaps the greatest physicist of our time, the subjects of his scientific theories are the origin of the Universe, the laws which govern its existence and the eventual fate of all that has been created — including you, me and Ms Shirley MacLaine. His name has spread far and wide, his name known by millions around the world. 69. ( ) The professor is neither rude nor condescending; brevity is simply his way. Each word he says has to be painstakingly spelt out on a computer attached to his wheelchair and operated by tiny movements of two of the fingers of one hand, almost the last vestige of bodily freedom he has. His guest accepts his words and nods. 70. ( ) A. She asks the professor if he believes that there is a God who created the Universe and guides His creation. He smiles momentarily, and the machine voice says, "No. " B. For the next two hours, until tea is served in the common room, the Hollywood actress asks the Cambridge professor question after question. C. Beside him sits a nurse, her chair angled towards his as she positions a spoon to his lips and feeds him. Occasionally she wipes his mouth. D. The woman stops two steps in front of the wheelchair. Crouches a little and says, "Professor Hawking, I''m delighted to meet you. I''m Shirley MacLaine. " E. His eyes light up, and what has been described by some as "the greatest smile in the world" envelops his whole face. Suddenly you know that this man is very much alive. F. What he is saying is not what she wants to hear, and she does not agree — but she can only listen and take notes for it, nothing else, his views have to be respected.

阅读理解The place seemed as unlikely as the coming together of the two principals. In June 1995, Princess Diana went to visit Mother Teresa in New York City''s South Bronx, where the founder of the Missionaries of Charity was recovering from an illness at one of her order''s residences. 66. ( ) So they met and chatted about the work they loved, for no more than an hour. Diana helped Mother Teresa rise from her wheelchair, and the two of them emerged from a private conversation holding hands, to be greeted by squealing children in a crowd. Diana, in a cream-colored linen suit, stood over her companion. 67. ( ) Now they are dead, within a week, and one wonders how to grasp what has been lost. In a way, their deaths are the ending to two stories. 68. ( ) When she was killed, her story was curtailed, and the silence that followed was overwhelming. One reason that masses stood in lines all over the world is that they knew a story they yearned to hear, and thought would go on, was over. Mother Teresa''s story was more of process and had fewer elements with which the audience could easily identify. For most of the years of her life, no cameras followed her when she bent down in the wretched streets of Calcutta to take dying people in her arms or when she touched the open wounds of the poor, the discarded and alone. When the Nobel Committee blasted her with fame, she had already written most of the tale of her life, which was without much plot,, was propelled by a main character who never changed direction, yet had a great theme. The end of Mother Teresa''s story is not the end of her order''s work, which is one reason (her age is another) that her death makes one sad without shock. The two women were united by an impulse toward charity, and charity is tricky way to live. A nun I know in Brooklyn, Sister Mary Paul, who has worked with the down-and-nearly-out all her life, once told me, " People in the helping professions are curious. I think they may feel something is missing in their lives. There can be a lot of ego, a lot of indirect fulfillment. One wants to see oneself as a good and giving person. There is nothing wrong in that, but it can''t be the goal. The ultimate goal must be a change in the system in which both the giver and taker live. " 69. ( ) The idea behind such thinking is that life is a journey and one catches others on the way. Mother Teresa must have felt this. Within whatever controversies arose about her work, the central gesture of her life was to bend toward the suffering and recall them to the world of God''s province. The people she inclined toward had been chewed by rats and had maggots in their skin. 70. ( ) The public mourning for Diana has so outrun the importance of the event that it has taken on the cast of an international grieving unrelated to any particular cause. It is as if the world has felt the need to be moved, to feel sympathy itself, and if that feeling of sympathy is fleeting, it will still have brought a general catharsis. Perhaps this is counterfeit emotion, aroused by television, and fueled and sustained by itself. That would not be true of the emotion shown at the death of Mother Teresa, who will draw fewer mourners to her funeral but more in the long run of history. A. She doesn''t like the word charity except in the sense of caritas, love. "Love," she said, " is not based on marking people up by assets and virtues. Love is based on the mystery of the person, who is immeasurable and is going somewhere I will never know. " B. That is why the princess came to meet the nun, to pay her respect to the woman whose devotion to the poor and dying she was beginning to absorb. Surrounding the world''s two most recognizable women were the dusty tenements and deserted cars of the not yet revived area. The Saint of the Gutters was in her element, which more recently had become Diana''s too. C. Princess Diana''s was the less significant but the more enthralling, a royal soap opera played by real people suffering real pain. D. All she wanted for them was the dignity of being human. E. Like Mother Teresa, the princess addressed to the children she came across, and nurseries, kindergartens and schools were the places where she was most frequently spotted. F. They were affectionate to each other. Mother Teresa clasped her palms together in the Indian namaste, signifying both hello and farewell. The princess got into her silver car. And that was that.

阅读理解Does the publisher of Douglas Starr''s excellent Blood — An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce actually expect to sell many copies? Whoever chose the title, certain to scare off the squeamish, and the subtitle, which makes the effort sound like a dry, dense survey text, has really done this book a disservice. In fact, the brave and curious will enjoy a brightly written, intriguing, and disquieting book, with some important lessons for public health. 66. ( ) The book begins with a historical view on centuries of lore about blood — in particular, the belief that blood carried the evil humors of disease and required occasional draining. As recently as the Revolutionary War, bloodletting was Widely applied to treat fevers. The idea of using one person''s blood to heal another is only about 75 years old — although rogue scientists had experimented with transfusing animal blood at least as early as the 1600s. The first transfusion experiments involved stitching a donor''s vein (in early cases the physician''s) to a patient''s vein. 67. ( ) Sabotaged by notions about the "purity" of their groups''blood, Japan and Germany lagged well behind the Allies in transfusion science. Once they realized they were losing injured troops the Allies had learned to save, they tried to catch up, conducting horrible and unproductive experiments such as draining blood from POWs and injecting them with horse blood or polymers. 68. ( ) During the early mid-1980s, Starr says, 10,000 American hemophiliacs and 12,000 others contracted HIV from transfusions and receipt of blood products. Blood banks both here and abroad moved slowly to acknowledge the threat of the virus and in some cases even acted with criminal negligence, allowing the distribution of blood they knew was tainted. This is not new material. But Starr''s insights add a dimension to a story first explored in the late Randy Shihs''s And the Bond Played On. 69. ( ) Is the blood supply safe now? Screening procedures and technology have gotten much more advanced. Yet it''s disturbing to read Starr''s contention that a person receiving multiple transfusions today has about a 1 in 90,000 chance of contracting HIV — far higher than the "one in a million" figure that blood bankers once blithely and falsely quoted. Moreover, new pathogens threaten to emerge and spread through the increasingly high-speed, global blood-product network faster than science can stop them. This prompts Starr to argue that today''s blood stores are "simultaneously safer and more threatening" than when distribution was less sophisticated. 70. ( ) A. The massive wartime blood drives laid the groundwork for modem blood-banking, which has saved countless lives. Unfortunately, these developments also set the stage for a great modern tragedy — the spread of AIDS through the international blood supply. B. There is so much drama, power, resonance, and important information in this book that it would be a shame if the squeamish were scared off. Perhaps the key lesson is this: The public health must always be guarded against the pressures and pitfalls of competitive markets and human fallibility. C. In his "chronicle of a resource" , Starr covers an enormous amount of ground. He gives us an account of mankind''s attitudes over a 400-year period towards this " precious, mysterious, and hazardous material" ; of medicine''s efforts to understand, control, and develop blood''s life-saving properties; and of the multibillion-dollar industry that benefits from it. He describes disparate institutions that use blood, from the military and the pharmaceutical industry to blood banks. The culmination is a rich examination of how something as horrifying as distributing blood tainted with the HIV virus could have occurred. D. The book''s most interesting section considers the huge strides transfusion science took during World War II. Medicine benefited significantly from the initiative to collect and supply blood to the Allied troops and from new trauma procedures developed to administer it. It was then that scientists learned to separate blood into useful elements, such as freeze-dried plasma and clotting factors, paving the way for both battlefield miracles and dramatic improvement in the lives of hemophiliacs. E. Starr''s tale ends with a warning about the safety of today''s blood supply. F. Starr obtained memos and other evidence used in Japanese, French, and Canadian criminal trials over the tainted-blood distribution. ( American blood banks enjoyed legal protections that made U. S. trials more complex and provided less closure for those harmed. ) His account of the French situation is particularly poignant. Starr explains that in postwar France, donating blood was viewed as a sacred and patriotic act. Prison populations were urged to give blood as a way to connect more with society. Unfortunately, the French came to believe that such benevolence somehow offered a magical protection to the blood itself and that it would be unseemly to question volunteer donors about their medical history or sexual or drug practices. Combined with other factors, including greed and hubris, this led to tragedy. Some blood banks were collecting blood from high-risk groups as late as 1990, well into the crisis. And France, along with Canada, Japan, and even Britain, stalled approval and distribution of safer, American heat-treated plasma products when they became available, in part because they were giving their domestic companies time to catch up with scientific advances.

阅读理解China has made great achievements over the past two decades in its legal construction, said a recent article in China Daily. In line with a market economy, many laws and regulations in the country have been established or revised. Reform of state-owned enterprises is the key to China''s economic reform drive. Its goal is to make firms responsible for their own gains and losses in the market place. In 1988, a new law gave a legal basis for the State enterprises'' independent management. 66.( ) The newly issued Company Law is important in protecting the interests of both companies and shareholders. The law clearly defines the organization and operation of companies and thus guarantees order for the country''s overall economic situation. China witnessed a great development in township enterprises in the past 20 years. To support and guide the development of township firms, and to boost economic development in rural areas, a law on these township enterprises was formulated. Establishment of a modern corporate system, which is at the core of a market economy, has been promoted by the country''s progress in legislation. To set up a healthy macro-economic control system, promoting a balanced allocation of resources is an important aspect of economic reform. 67. ( ) The division of central and local taxes represents a significant step forward in reforming the country''s fiscal mechanisms. Backup laws and regulations have been mapped out on supervising tax collection. The Budget Law has helped strengthen government administration and macro-economic control measures to guarantee sound economic development. In the financial sector, the People''s Bank of China has been identified through legislation as the central bank of the country. At the same time, policy banks and commercial banks have also been established. 68. ( ) The world''s most populous country, China has more than 80% of its population in rural areas. The country''s further development largely depends on development of those regions. A law on agricultural development has been launched to guarantee the basic role of agriculture and the interests of rural businesses and residents. 69. ( ) Laws regarding forests, water, water conservancy and flood prevention have played an important role in the country''s agricultural development. Environmental protection is now one of the country''s basic policies. To protect natural resources and maintain sustainable development, relevant laws and regulations have been promulgated. Promoting the market economy and guaranteeing fair competition, the Ethical Competition Law has also been enacted. At the same time, laws on product quality, consumer protection and advertising have helped maintain market order and healthy economic development. 70. ( ) To guarantee the smooth development of infrastructure, laws regulating post and telecommunications, electricity, railways and highways have been inaugurated. Science and technology are essential to the country''s overall progress. To promote progress in these fields, the country has set up laws on science and technology development, technological contract and utilization of science and technology in production. In line with the opening-up policy, laws and regulations on foreign-funded firms and Sino-foreign joint ventures have been launched, which are introducing foreign investment into the country. A. Different from last year, the government needs to collect more money to support the judiciary and security departments, because these departments have recently turned over their affiliated enterprises to the government. B. By relevant laws and regulations, agriculture''s fundamental role in the national economy has been confirmed. C. To accelerate the reform, the National People''s Congress has passed a series of laws on such issues as pricing, auditing, accounting statistics and metrology. D. A law to promote agro-technologies has greatly developed the application of science and technology in agriculture. E. Relevant regulations on the transitional period of state firm reform had also been established. F. Also, special laws and regulations have been drafted on the transfer and assignment of state-owned land resources.

阅读理解Too many people are haunted by five dismal words: " But it''s too late now. " An unfaithful husband would like to salvage his marriage. "But it''s too late now. " An office worker, fired because of her drinking problem, wishes she could conquer her alcoholism and begin again. " But it''s too late now. " Few families are without some broken personal relationships. At first those involved may be unwilling to hold out an olive branch. Then, when some time has passed, they may feel it''s too late to offer an apology or try to make amends. 66. ( ) Not long ago I came upon an article about the distinguished musician Robert Shaw, who was retiring as music director and conductor of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. Years earlier, when I was the new pastor of Marble Church in New York City, Shaw came to me and suggested we have a group of young people sing at our church services. He led such a chorale and was willing to make it available. 67. ( ) Unfortunately, some of the members of the congregation, including two of the elders who were strong traditionalists, thought the singing was too much of a departure from the accepted way of doing things at Marble Church. They made their displeasure known to me in unmistakable terms. 68. ( ) Almost half a century passed. In all that time I never saw or spoke to Shaw. But then, as I read the article, my conscience reminded me I had made a mistake that still was unrectified. When I got home, I wrote a letter to Robert Shaw telling him that I had been wrong and was sorry. 69. ( ) What a lift I got from that! What happy evidence it was that even after many years a word of apology is never too late. 70. ( ) Because it never is. A. This struck me as an idea that would appeal to the younger members of our congregation. So I told him to go ahead. The people who sang were spirited and enthusiastic, and I thought they added a new and welcome dimension to our worship services. B. Why not search your mind and see if there is some past episode that calls for a word of reconciliation, some personal problem unsolved, some good deed left undone? Even if a long time has elapsed, don''t assume it''s too late. C. I say to such people; "Nonsense! It''s never too late to make a fresh start. " D. Finally, against my better judgement, I told Shaw that I was sorry, but we would have to terminate the arrangement. He was disappointed, but said he understood. This incident would always bother me. I had failed to have the courage of my convictions. E. As we had to make the church hall available for other purposes, one day I came to Shaw and made this clear. Without a word, he made his way to me and gave me his hand, leaving me puzzled as to whether this was a gesture of agreement or disappointment. F. Almost at once a reply came from this great man of music, thanking me for " the generosity, grace and candidness" of my letter and claiming that the fault had been as much his as mine.

阅读理解Grown-ups, as any child will tell you, are monstrous hypocrites, especially when it comes to television. It is to take their minds off their own telly-addiction that adults are so keen to hear and talk about the latest report on the effects of programs on children. Surely all that nonsense they watch must be desensitizing them, making them vicious, shallow, acquisitive, less responsible and generally sloppy about life and death. But no, not a scrap of convincing evidence from the sociologists and experts in the psyches of children. For many years now parents, teachers and newspaper editors have been disappointed by the various studies, and sociologists are beginning to fall into disrepute for failing to come up with the desired results. The latest report, " Popular TV and Schoolchildren" , perhaps more attuned to the authoritarian times in which we live, assumes greater moral leadership and hands out laurels and wooden spoons to TV shows and asserts, as educators should, the importance of having values. The kids, on the other hand, will no be switching off Kenny Everett now they have been told how sexist and trivial he is. (As if they didn''t know! ) 66. ( ) The nation has lived with the box for more than 30 years now and has passed from total infatuation — revived temporarily by the advent of colour — to the present casual obsession which is not unlike that of the well-adjusted alcoholic. And now the important and pleasant truth is breaking, to the horror of program makers and their detractors alike, that television really does not affect much at all. 67. ( ) And if TV imparts little bad, there is no reason to think it does much good either. It has failed spectacularly to make our children more callous and violent, and it has failed by way of " Jackanory" or "Blue Peter" to forge a young nation of origami adepts, or dog handlers or builders of lawn mowers out of coat hangers and wire corks. Television turns out to be no great transformer of minds or society. We are not, en masse, as it was once predicted we would be, fantastically well-informed about other cultures or about the origins of life on earth. People do not remember much from television documentary beyond how good it was. 68. ( ) Documentaries are not what most people want to watch anyway. Television is at its most popular when it celebrates its own present. Its ideal subjects are those that need not be remembered and can be instantly replaced, where what matters most is what is happening now and what is going to happen next. Sport, news, panel games, cop shows, long-running soap operas, situation comedies — these occupy us only for as long as they are on. 69. ( ) The box is further neutralized by the sheer quantity people watch. The more of it you see, the less any single bit of it matters. Of course, some programs are infinitely better than others. There are gifted people working in television. But seen from a remoter perspective — say, four hours a night viewing for three months — the quality of individual programs means as much as the quality of each car in the rush-hour traffic. For the heavy viewer, TV has only two meaningful states — on and off. What are the kids doing? Watching TV. No need to ask what, the answer is sufficient. Soon, I''ll go up there and turn it off. Like a light bulb it will go out and the children will do something else. It appears that the nation''s children spend more time in front of their TVs than in the classroom. Their heads are full of TV — but that''s all, just TV. The Kojak violence they witness is TV violence, sufficient to itself. It does not brutalize them to the point where they cannot grieve the loss of a pet, or be shocked at some minor playground violence. Children, like everyone else, know the difference between TV and life. Lad knows its place. It imparts nothing but itself; it has its own rules, its own language, its own priorities. 70. ( ) Whatever the TV/video industry might now say, television will never have the impact on civilization that the invention of the written word has had. The book — this little hinged thing — is cheap, portable, virtually unbreakable, endlessly reusable, has instant replay facilities and in slow motion if you want it, needs no power lines, batteries or aerials, works in planes and train tunnels, can be stored indefinitely without much deterioration. A. Only those who knew something about the subject in the first place retain the information. B. Nor, I suspect, will they have become more sexist and trivial themselves from watching him. C. This is tough on those diligent professionals who produce excellent work; but since — as everyone agrees — awful programs far outnumber the good, it is a relief to know the former cannot do much harm. Television cannot even make impressionable children less pleasant. D. It is less amenable to censorship and centralized control, can be written and manufactured by relatively unprivileged individuals or groups, and — most sophisticated of all — dozens of different ones can be going at the same time, in the same room without a sound. E. It is because this little glowing, chattering screen barely resembles life at all that it remains so usefully ineffectual. To stare at a brick wall would waste time in a similar way. The difference is that the brick wall would let you know you were wasting your time. F. However good or bad it is, a night''s viewing is wonderfully forgettable. It''s a little sleep, it''s entertainment; our morals, and for that matter, our brutality, remain intact.

阅读理解Supermarket shoppers have never been more spoilt for choice. But just when we thought traditional systems of selective farming had created the most tempting array of foods money can buy, we are now being presented with the prospect of genetically created strains of cabbages, onions, tomatoes, potatoes and apples. It may not tickle the fancy of food purists but it fires the imagination of scientists. Last week they discovered that the classic Parisian mushroom contains just the properties that, when genetically mixed with a wild strain of mushroom from the Sonora desert in California, could help it grow en masse while at the same time providing it with the resilience of the wild strain. 66. ( ) "We have found a way of increasing the success rate from 1% to 90%. " This is just one of the many products that, according to skeptics, are creating a generation of " Frankenfoods". The first such food that may be consumed on a wide scale is a tomato which has been genetically manipulated so that it does not soften as it ripens. 67. ( ) Critics say that the new tomato — which cost $25 million to research — is designed to stay on supermarket shelves for longer. It has a ten-day life span. Not surprisingly, the every — hungry U. S. is leading the search for these forbidden fruit. By changing the genes of a grapefruit, a grower from Texas has created a sweet, red, thin-skinned grapefruit expected to sell at a premium over its California and Florida competitors. For chip fanatics who want to watch their waist-lines, new high-starch, low-moisture potatoes that absorb less fat when fried have been created, thanks to a gene from intestinal bacteria. The scientists behind such new food argue that genetic engineering is simply an extension of animal and plant breeding methods and that by broadening the scope of the genetic changes that can be made, sources of food are increased. Accordingly, they argue, this does not inherently lead to foods that are less safe than those developed by conventional techniques. But if desirable genes are swapped irrespective of species barriers, could things spiral out of control? " Knowledge is not toxic," said Mark Cantley, head of the biotechnology unit at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, " It has given us a far greater understanding of how living systems work at a molecular level and there is no reason for people to think that scientists and farmers should use that knowledge to do risky things. " Clearly, financial incentive lies behind the development of these bigger, more productive foods. But we may have only ourselves to blame. In the early period of mass food commerce, food varieties were developed by traditional methods of selective breeding to suit the local palate. But as suppliers started to select and preserve plant variants that had larger fruit, consumer expectations rose, leading to the development of the desirable clones. Still, traditionalists and gourmets in Europe are fighting their development. 68. ( ) Even in the pre-packaged U. S. , where the slow-softening tomato will soon be reaching supermarkets, 1,500 American chefs have lent their support to the Pure Food Campaign which calls for the international boycott of genetically engineered foods until more is known about the consequences of the technology and reliable controls have been introduced. In the short term, much of the technology remains untested and in the long term the consequences for human biology are unknown. Questions have arisen over whether new proteins in genetically modified food could cause allergies in some people. 69. ( ) Then there are the vegetarians who may be consuming animal non-vegetable proteins in what they think is a common tomato, or the practicing Jew who unknowingly consumes a fruit that has been enhanced with a pig''s gene. As yet, producers are under no obligation to label "transgeneic" products. Environmentalists worry that new, genetically engineered plants may damage natural environment. A genetically engineered pest-resistant strain of plant that contacts with a native strain, for example, could turn them into virulent weeds beyond chemical control. Animal welfare groups worry about the quality of life of farm animals manipulated so that they produce more meat, milk, and eggs but which may suffer physical damage in the process. 70. ( ) Many of these fears spring from ignorance. And although it is hard to separate the paranoia from the benefits, the fact remains that genetic engineering offers ways of solving serious medical and agricultural problems. A. Western farmers have already bred cattle with more muscle than a skeleton can carry. B. Supporters say the tomato, unsurprisingly called Flaw Savr, will taste better because it will be able to mature on the branch longer. C. Consumer opposition means that there are genetically manipulated foods on the German markets, and the Norwegian government has recently put research into genetically engineered foods on hold. D. For example, if a corn gene is introduced into a wheat gene for pest resistance, will those who are allergic to corn then be allergic to wheat? E. "Mushrooms in the past were almost impossible to cross," says Philippe Callac, one of the three scientists working on the mushroom. F. Genetic engineering will interfere with the balance of nature.

阅读理解From her advantage point she watched the main doors swing open and the first arrivals pour in. Those who had been at the head of the line paused momentarily on entry, looked around curiously, then quickly moved forward as others behind pressed in. Within moments the central public area of the big branch bank was filled with a chattering, noisy crowd. The building, relatively quiet less than a minute earlier, had become a Babel. Edwina saw a tall heavyset black man wave some dollar bills and declare loudly, "I want to put my money in the bank. " 66. ( ) It seemed as if the report about everyone having come to open an account had been accurate after all. Edwina could see the big man leaning back expansively, still holding his dollar bills. His voice cut across the noise of other conversations and she heard him proclaim, "I''m in no hurry. There''s something I''d like you to explain. " Two other desks were quickly manned by other clerks. With equal speed, long wide lines of people formed in front of them. Normally, three members of staff were ample to handle new account business, but obviously were inadequate now. Edwina could see Tottenhoe on the far side of the bank and called him on the intercom. She instructed, " Use more desks for new accounts and take all the staff you can spare to man them. " 67. ( ) Tottenhoe grumbled in reply, "You realize we can''t possibly process all these people today, and however many we do will tie us up completely. " " I''ve an idea," Edwina said, " that''s what someone has in mind. Just hurry the processing all you can. " 68. ( ) First, an application form called for details of residence, employment, social security, and family matters. A specimen signature was obtained. Then proof of identity was needed. After that, the new accounts clerk would take all documents to an officer of the bank for approval and initialing. Finally, a savings passbook was made out or a temporary checkbook issued. Therefore the most new accounts that any bank employee could open in an hour were five, so the three clerks might handle a total of ninety in one business day, if they kept going at top speed, which was unlikely. 69. ( ) Still the noise within the bank increased. It had become an uproar. A further problem was that the growing mass of arrivals in the central public area of the bank was preventing access to tellers'' counters by other customers. Edwina could see a few of them outside, regarding the milling scene with consternation. While she watched, several gave up and walked away. Inside the bank some of the newcomers were engaging tellers in conversation and the tellers, having nothing else to do because of the melee, chatted back. Two assistant managers had gone to the central floor area and were trying to regulate the flood of people so as to clear some space at counters. They were having small success. 70. ( ) She decided it was time for her own intervention. Edwina left the platform and a railed-off staff area and, with difficulty, made her way through the milling crowd to the main front door. A. Yet she knew however much they hurried it would still take ten to fifteen minutes to open any single new account. It always did. The paperwork required that time. B. But still no hostility was evident. Everyone in the now jam-packed bank who was spoken to by members of the staff answered politely and with a smile. It seemed, Edwina thought, as if all who were here had been briefed to be on best behavior. C. A security guard directed him, "Over there for new accounts. " The guard pointed to a desk where a clerk — a young girl — sat waiting. She appeared nervous. The big man walked toward her, smiled reassuringly, and sat down. Immediately a press of others moved into a ragged line behind him, waiting for their turn. D. Even leaning close to the intercom, it was hard to hear above the noise. E. Even tripling the present complement of clerks would permit very few more than two hundred and fifty accounts to be opened in a day, yet already, in the first few minutes of business, the bank was crammed with at least four hundred people, with still more flooding in, and the line outside, which Edwina rose to check, appeared as long as ever. F. Obviously someone had alerted the press in advance, which explained the presence of the TV camera crew outside. Edwina wondered who had done it.

阅读理解In the front room of a shabby terraced house in Maryport, Cumbria, a woman lay on the sofa covered by a blanket, her body emaciated by years of illness. 66. ( ) His father, also a Maryport man, had been often out of work; his son, now 15, aspires no higher than a factory job because he knows that he will be lucky to get even this when he leaves school. The family is beset by poverty, illness and despair. The man is dependent on tranquilizers; his wife has been in and out of psychiatrichospital. She said: " I got run down because we had so much debt and things just got on top of me. " Unemployment, said the man, sapped all his vitality. " It''s the same thing every day. You get off bed in the morning, eat and then back to bed, and that''s it," he said. The three children would have no heavy clothes this winter. They all lived on canned food and could not remember when they last ate fresh meat. When the fuel bills came in the rent could not be paid. Unemployment in Maryport is running at about 12% , twice the national average. It has remained high since the 1930s and the town has been in decline for generations as the old industries of fishing, steel and coal disappeared. With cuts in regional aid the outlook is now even bleaker. 67. ( ) This perverse attitude is the distinguishing characteristic of this small, depressed port. For although the social problems arising from high unemployment are grave, a corresponding insularity and fear of the unfamiliar pervades the 11,000 or so inhabitants to the town. Many families depend on welfare benefits, as did their parents, and as, undoubtedly, their children will when they leave school. In parts of the town the social problems are as grave as they would be in any inner city slum. Two large housing estates, nicknamed " Bangladesh" and " Colditz" by everyone from the inhabitants to the civic dignitaries, contain a large proportion of problem families. 68. ( ) Social workers say that most of their cases involve inadequate families who have never been shown how to be good parents. There are two nursery schools in the town, but no day nurseries or preschool playgroups. The voluntary, community activity that characterizes most inner-city deprived areas is absent in Maryport. But the social workers are too busy running a crisis service to do any preventative work. Maryport people, they say, will not even travel to Workington, six miles down the coast, to get a job. A trip to Carlise, some 30 miles away, is a major event and happens infrequently. Many of the children have never seen a lake, although the Lake District is a few minutes''bus ride away. 69. ( ) Mr. Trevor Davies Hibbard, headmaster of Netherhall, the town''s comprehensive school, ascribed this insularity to chronic lack of self-confidence, generated by decades of unemployment and the ingrained belief that Maryport people were second best. The most pressing problem facing families on the council estates this winter is the fuel bills. These families have been moved from houses with coal fires to modern houses on the new estates which ate heated by air-duct central heating — one of the most expensive ways of heating a house — and they cannot cope. 70. ( ) Social workers are angry at being understaffed, and exasperated by city colleagues who say that rural social work is a cushy option. One social worker said, "You get a bit deadened to it all. You start off quite political, thinking the system must be changed, but after a while you just live from day to day and realize there are things you can''t realistically hope to change unless the whole emphasis of society changes and becomes more caring. " A. Despite the magnificent surrounding scenery the children of "Bangladesh" or "Colditz" are as deprived as if they lived in an inner city slum. Some of them will never have seen a traffic light, since Maryport does not possess one. B. Her husband, a labourer, had been out of work for 12 months; before his last job, he had been on the dole for five years. C. If money was put into Maryport, if people were working, they would gain some self-respect. D. So why didn''t this man move else where to look for work? "Oh, I''d never leave Maryport," he said, shocked. E. They quickly build up big debts. One social worker said, "I''ve seen people go onto that estate and slip down the social scale. " F. More than 37 per cent of the households living there depend on supplementary benefit, and large numbers of these are one-parent families.