作文题You have read an article in a magazine which states, "Currently it is hard for university graduates to find jobs. Therefore, they should be encouraged to start their own businesses." Write an article for the same magazine to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument and include an example. You should write no less than 250 words.

作文题A mother wrote to a newspaper inquiring whether her son should go abroad to study as an undergraduate or he should go to a Chinese university before going abroad to study as a postgraduate. Write a letter to the editor of the same newspaper to give your suggestions to this confused mother, and give reasons to justify your suggestions. You should write no less than 250 words.

作文题You have read an article in a magazine which states, "The Internet has now become an important learning tool for children, exposing them to a whole new world, which can contribute greatly to their education and development." Write an article for the same magazine to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument and include an example. You should write no less than 250 words.

作文题You have read an article in a magazine which states, "By law, cigarette advertisements are strictly prohibited on the media. Some people think there should also be a ban on the advertising of alcohol." Write an article for the same magazine to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument. You should write no less than 250 words.

作文题You have read an article in a magazine which states, "With the ever-increasing house prices in big metropolises, it is better for college graduates to work and live in small or medium-sized cities." Write an article for the same magazine to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument and include an example.

作文题Some parents allow their children to watch TV for hours a day, but you never let your children watch TV for more than one hour a day. Write an essay telling the parents why you think TV is harmful to children. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

作文题You have read a newspaper article arguing that women should stay at home taking care of their children. Do you think women should go out to work or stay at home? Is it unfair for the children to have a working mother? You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

作文题You sometimes hear your colleagues complaining that it is difficult for them to get a day''s leave from work. Write a composition telling them how to solve this problem. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

作文题Some people claim that television is good for children because it gets children cleverer by watching it, while others think that television is bad for children. Write an article to express your point of view on this topic. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

作文题Write an article entitled as "Knowledge Economy". You should write it according to the following outline. Outline: (1) a new knowledge economy age is coming near; (2) what is " knowledge economy" ; (3) the knowledge economy age presents both opportunities and challenges to us. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

作文题Write an article for the readers to clarify your points of view about this issue．You should use your own ideas，knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument． 　　You should write no less than 250 words．Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2．

作文题With an aging population growing rapidly, China is faced with a prospect of labour shortage. Some people suggest that the government should modify its family-planning policy in order to maintain a sufficient labour force while others argue that the huge population still remains a serious challenge to China, therefore, the government should continue its family-planning policy. Write an article to express your opinion on this issue. You should use your knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument. You should write no less than 250 words.

单选题 {{B}} Questions 14 to 16 are based on a news report about retirement. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14 to 16.{{/B}}

单选题

单选题

单选题Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following monologue about American Blacks. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 to 20.

单选题Travel is at its best a solitary enterprise: to see, to examine, to assess, you have to be alone and unencumbered. Other people can mislead you; they crowd your meandering impressions with their own; if they are companionable they obstruct your view, and if they are boring they corrupt the silence with non-sequiturs, shattering your concentration with "Oh, look, it''s raining" and " You see a lot of trees here". Travelling on your own can be terribly lonely ( and it is not understood by Japanese who, coming across you smiling wistfully at an acre of Mexican butter cups tend to say things like "Where is the rest of your team?" ) , I think of evening in the hotel room in the strange city. My diary has been brought up to date; I hanker for company; what do I do? I don''t know anyone here, so I go out and walk and discover the three streets of the town and rather envy the strolling couples and the people with children. The museums and churches are closed, and toward midnight the streets are empty. If I am mugged, I will have to apologize as politely as possible; "I am sorry, sir, but I have nothing valuable on my person. " Is there a surer way of enraging a thief and driving him to violence? It is hard to see clearly or to think straight in the company of other people. Not only do I feel self-conscious, but the perceptions that are necessary to writing are difficult to manage when someone close by is thinking out loud. I am diverted, but it is discovery, not diversion, that I seek. What is required is the lucidity of loneliness to capture that vision, which, however banal, seems in my private mood to be special and worthy of interest. There is something in feeling abject that quickens my mind and makes it intensely receptive to fugitive might also be verified and refined; and in any case I had the satisfaction of finishing the business alone. Travel is not a vacation, and it is often the opposite of a rest. "Have a nice time," people said to me at my send-off at South Station, Medford. It was not precisely what I had hoped for. I craved a little risk, some danger, an untoward event, a vivid discomfort, an experience of my own company, and in a modest way the romance of solitude. This I thought might be mine on that train to Limon.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta carotene which the body converts into vitamin A and additional iron, and they are working on three kinds of nutritionally in proved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi. Damage caused by pests is incredible. In trials of pest-resistant cotton in Africa yields have increased significantly. So far, fears that genetically modified, pest-resistant crops might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded. Viruses often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries. Two years ago Africa lost more than half its cassava crop — a key source of calories — to the mosaic virus. Genetically modified, virus resistant crops can re duce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortage limits the amount of land under cultivation. Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains excess aluminum, which can damage roots and cause many staple-crop failures. A gene that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity in rice has been identified. Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25% and help prevent the loss of those crops after they are harvested. Yet for all that promise, biotech is far from being the whole answer. In developing countries, lost crops are only one cause of hunger. Poverty plays the largest role. Making genetically modified crops available will not reduce hunger if farmers cannot afford to grow them or if the local population cannot afford to buy the food those farmers produce. Nor can biotech overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries. Taken as a whole, the world produces enough food to feed everyone {{U}}but much of it is simply in the wrong place.{{/U}} Especially in countries with undeveloped transport infrastructures, geography restricts food availability as dramatically as genetics promises to improve it. Biotech has its own "distribution" problems. Private-sector biotech companies in the rich countries carry out much of the leading-edge research on genetically modified crops. Their products are often too costly for poor farmers in the developing world, and many of those products won't even reach the regions where they are most needed. Biotech firms have a strong financial incentive to target rich markets first in order to help them rapidly recoup the high costs of product development. But some of these companies are responding to the needs of poor countries. To increase the impact of genetic research on the food production of those countries, there is a need for better collaboration between government agencies — both local and in developed countries — and private biotech firms. Biotech is not a {{U}}panacea{{/U}}, but it does promise to transform agriculture in many developing countries. If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people, who could suffer for years to come.

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} World leaders met recently at United Nations headquarters in New York City to discuss the environmental issues raised at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992．The heads of state were supposed to decide what further steps should be taken to halt the decline of Earth's life-support systems．In fact，this meeting had much the flavour of the original Earth Summit．To wit：empty promises，hollow rhetoric，bickering between rich and poor，and irrelevant initiatives．Think U.S. Congress in slow motion． Almost obscured by this torpor is the fact that there has been some remarkable progress over the past five years—real changes in the attitude of ordinary people in the Third World toward family size and a dawning realisation that environmental degradation and their own well-being are intimately，and inversely，linked．Almost none of this，however, has anything to do with what the bureaucrats accomplished in Rio． Or it didn't accomplish．One item on the agenda at Rio，for example，was a renewed effort to save tropical forests．(A previous UN-sponsored initiative had fallen apart when it became clear that it actually hastened deforestation．)After Rio，a UN working group came up with more than 100 recommendations that have so far gone nowhere．One proposed forestry pact would do little more than immunizing wood-exporting nations against trade sanctions． An effort to draft an agreement on what to do about the climate changes caused by CO2 and other greenhouse gases has fared even worse．Blocked by the Bush Administration from setting mandatory limits，the UN in 1992 called on nations to voluntarily reduce emissions to 1990 levels．Several years later，it's as if Rio had never happened．A new climate treaty is scheduled to be signed this December in Kyoto，Japan，but governments still cannot agree on these limits．Meanwhile，the U.S. produces 7% more CO2 than it did in 1990，and emissions in the developing world have risen even more sharply．No one would confuse the“Rio process”with progress． While governments have dithered at a pace that could make drifting continents impatient，people have acted．Birth-rates are dropping faster than expected，not because of Rio but because poor people are deciding on their own to reduce family size．Another positive development has been a growing environmental consciousness among the poor．From slum dwellers in Karachi，Pakistan，to colonists in Rondonia，Brazil，urban poor and rural peasants alike seem to realize that they pay the biggest price for pollution and deforestation．There is cause for hope as well in the growing recognition among business people that it is not in their long-term interest to fight environmental reforms．John Browne，chief executive of British Petroleum，boldly asserted in a major speech in May that the threat of climate change could no longer be ignored．

单选题______first proposed the Speech Act Theory. A. Searle B. Austin C. Grice D. Halliday