问答题Throughout our country, more and more private schools are set up. Some people doubt about the effectiveness of these private schools. They say adequate money doesn't necessarily guarantee better education. Write an article to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to support your argument. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题You have read a review on a website which states: "People receive a lot of information from news reports presented by journalists. However, some people claim that we cannot believe that news that we are presented with. In addition, what qualities do you think journalists should have?" Write an article for the website to clarify your own points of view on this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. You should write no less' than 250 words.

问答题Presentation (This part will take about 8 minutes.) Now, in this part of the test I'm going to give each of you a list of three different topics. I'd like you to select one of the topics and give a short presentation of about 2 minutes. When... (say the name of candidate A) has finished talking, I'd like you... (say the name of candidate B), to ask him/her one or two questions. You may make notes while you are preparing and take notes while the other person is talking. All right? Here are your topics. (Hand over the topic card, A and B, some blank paper and a pencil to each candidate.) Now you have 2 minutes to prepare. (The candidates are given 2 minutes.) Topic Card {{B}}A{{/B}} a. Housing How to solve the housing problem in bigCities? b. Brain Drain What should be done to stop the braindrain? c. Tourism What suggestions would you offer todevelop tourism? {{B}}B{{/B}} a. Studyingabroad What are the advantages and disadvantagesof attending school abroad? b. Health What is the relationship between healthand sports? c. Examination Is it necessary to have examinationsnowadays? All right. Now... (say the name of candidate A), would you begin by telling us which topic you have chosen and then give your presentation please?

问答题Discussion Topic: Emotional Energy Now, Candidate A and Candidate B, here is a list of strategies to get emotional energy. (Hand out the list to the candidates and let them read it through. ) What do you think are the most important strategies to get emotional energy? I'd like each of you to choose three from the list and tell each other why. If you hold different opinions you may argue and you may also add your own ideas that are not listed here. You just talk to each other and I won't join you. You have 5 minutes. All right. Would you begin? (The interlocutor may sit back and intervene only when necessary. ) Most Important Strategies to Get Emotional Energy: ●Do something new ●Reclaim Life's meaning ●Put yourself in the fun zone ●Bid farewell to guilt and regret ●Make up your mind ●Give to get (For candidates)

问答题You will hear a talk. As you listen, you must answer Questions 1～5 by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words.

问答题Interlocutor: Good morning/afternoon. Could I have your mark sheets, please? Thank you. (Hand over the mark sheets to the Assessor. ) My name is... and this is my colleague... He/She will just listen to us. So, you are... (name) and ... (name) ? Thank you. First of all, we'd like to know something about you, so I'm going to ask you some questions. (Select two or more questions from each of the following category for candidates. ) What should people do when they cross the road? Do you always obey the traffic rules? Why?/Why not? Do you like movies? Who's your favorite film star? What kind of place is your hometown?

问答题Self-introduction(This task will take about 2 minutes.) Interlocutor: Good morning (afternoon/evening). Could I have your mark sheets please? Thank you (Hand over the mark sheets to the Assessor) My name is... and this is my colleague... He/She is not going to ask you any questions, but he/she is just going to be listening to us. So, your name is... and... ? Thank you. First of all we'd like to know something about you, so I'm going to ask you some questions about yourselves. (Begin with Candidate A, then move on to Candidate B) Now... (Say the name of the Candidate A and ask questions.)

问答题You are expected to write at least 250 words about the following topic. Some people claim one has to be fraudulent to make money in business. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view?

问答题It is often said that the subjects taught in schools are too academic in orientation and that it would be more useful for children to learn about practical matters such as home management, work and interpersonal skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree? You should write no less than 250 words.

问答题Interlocutor: Now, in this part of the test I'm going to give each of you a list of three different topics. I'd like you to select one of the topics and give a short presentation of about 2 minutes. When Candidate A has finished talking, I'd like you, Candidate B, to ask him/ her one or two questions. You may make notes while you are preparing and take notes while the other person is talking. All right? Here are your topics. (Hand over the Topic Cards and some blank paper and a pencil to each candidate. ) Now you'll have 2 minutes to prepare. (The candidates are given 2 minutes. ) All right. Now Candidate A, would you begin by telling us which topic you have chosen and then give your presentation, please? (Listen to the presentation of Candidate A. ) Thank you. Now Candidate B, would you like to ask Candidate A some questions? (Allow a maximum of 2 questions by Candidate B, followed by one more question by the interlocutor. ) Now Candidate B, would you begin by telling us which topic you have chosen and then give your presentation, please? (Listen to the presentation of Candidate B. ) Thank you. Now Candidate A, would you like to ask Candidate B some questions? (Allow a maximum of 2 questions by Candidate A, followed by one more question by the interlocutor. ) List for candidates: Topic Card A a. Economy What do you think of marketing? b. Food What is fast food? c. College What should students take into consideration when they choose professors? Topic Card B a. Discipline Are you an honest person? Why should people be honest? b. Travel Where do you like to take a vacation? c. Lifestyle Do you save money? Why? Interlocutor: Thank you. That is the end of the test.

问答题When did she discover resistance?

What is Love? Valentine"s Day—thoughts turn to, or are supposed to turn to "love" but what is it, does it actually exist, and can social science help? There"s a seemingly endless list of descriptions and definitions of love from Shakespeare"s "as a fever, longing still" to Erich Segal"s hopelessly unpragmatic "never having to say you"re sorry". Traditionally, love has been considered so complex and mysterious that the whole breathless, smouldering, messy business was left to writers, fifties crooners—and the occasional Irish boy band. But, not any more. These days, psychologists are keen to nail down that which was once left to the poets, and lay bear what love is, how it works and why it exists in the first place. In his recent book, Love Sick, clinical psychologist Frank Tallis gives credence to popular term "madly in love" by setting out the similarities between falling in love and being mentally ill. Love, he argues, is characterised by mania (heightened emotions, inflated self-esteem and extravagant present giving), depression (tearfulness and loss of concentration) and extreme mood swings (on a high when beloved calls and in the depths when beloved doesn"t). Given the manic depressive symptoms, you wonder why we chase love rather than run screaming in the opposite direction. Love as mental illness is all very intriguing. But it comes wrapped Jn an unsettling suggestion. Tallis and others have proposed that love might eventually be treated—with a course of cognitive behaviour therapy—as if it were a sickness. More evidence that we live in a society where pills cushion us against all life"s ups and downs? It all seems a very long way from love as the poets saw it. Tallis, to be fair, insists that he accepts love as part of the human condition. His point is that for some people the effects of love are extremely debilitating. He claims to have patients who present with depression or anxiety only to discover they are suffering for love. While Tallis deals with the symptoms of the "loved up" but confused who pass through his consulting room, neuro-psychology—psychology"s cutting edge—is busy investigating the brain processes that underpin their behaviour. So what has neuropsychology discovered about that thing popular culture claims drives you insane, tends to be blind and can leave you as enslaved as a coke addict? Well, it"s discovered that all these claims for love are—in neurological terms—pretty accurate. In 2000, psychology professor Semir Zeki and his colleague Dr Andreas Bartels of University College London used Magnetic Resonance Imaging to scan the brains of 11 female and six male students, who claimed to be "truly, madly and deeply" in love. When the students were shown photographs of their lovers and friends, Zeki and Bartels discovered that very different areas of the cortex lit up. The researchers were surprised to discover that the "romantic love" brain areas were small compared to those activated by ordinary friendship, remarking in their eventual research paper that it was "fascinating to reflect that the face that launched a thousand ships should have done so through such a limited expanse of cortex". The second surprise was that the cortical romance zones did not overlap with areas associated with other emotional states such as anger and fear. Instead, the areas for romance were similar to those associated with addiction. As it turns out, the brain activation patterns of the madly-in-love look ever so similar to those of people under the influence of cocaine. So human beings might as well face it, they can indeed be addicted to love. That may soften criticism of Tallis"s talk of treatment. So love really is blind and irrational, or mad. When we are in its thrall, we are as enslaved as drug addicts and robbed of our ability to make sound judgments about the object of our affections. That explains why our friends can all see that the person we adore is shifty or deadly dull while we are entirely oblivious. Romantic love, of course, has a shelf life. By comparing the NGF (nerve growth factor) levels of the madly in love with those of established couples and singletons, the researchers concluded that romantic love dies within a year. That"s roughly the time it takes to realise that your beloved will never master screwing the top back on the toothpaste. We may be shedding new light on how love works, but the questions remains as to why it exists at all. Anthropologist Dr Helen Fisher of Rutgers University, in New Jersey, suggests that love comes in three forms—sexual lust, romantic love and long-term attachment. In Why We Love: The Nature and Chemistry of Romantic Love, Fisher argues that each of the three forms of love has its own emotional and motivational system, distinct biochemistry and is linked to its own distinct brain network. Lust, romance and attachment map on to mating, pair-bonding and parenting and Fisher argues each form of love is crucial to the survival of our species. Lust is driven by sex hormones that Fisher says, "get you out there looking for anything". If this leads to romance, we enter a stage when we can think of nothing but the person we love. We feel exhilarated and have obsessive thoughts about the object of our love. Fisher argues that the romantic phase, while necessary for a pair to form, doesn"t last because it"s too unstable a state for the rearing of children. Stable, secure long-term attachment is needed for that. For many sociologists, these theories of love from anthropologists and psychologists miss the point. They point out that the definition of love has varied through history and that the concept of falling in love, for example, did not exist until the 16th century. For sociologist Bernadette Bawin-Legros romantic love doesn"t boil down to timeless brain activation patterns and evolutionary imperatives. Romantic love is a narrative that has long-dominated popular culture. It is fragile in its contemporary form, she argues, because that form involves the impossible union of two ideals—fusion with another and the modern aspiration for autonomy and self-development. Whatever the desires of dreamy romantics for love to last forever, those two ideals are simply irreconcilable. Comprehension

For Proust it was a bite of a buttery madeleine; for some, it"s the taste of a gooey Mallomar. And for you, it might be a few notes of Yellow Submarine or the sight of a little girl stacking Legos that catapults your mind decades into the past. Under the right conditions, the tiniest trigger can unleash a flood of sunny memories in even the least sentimental among us. Such reminiscence can be healthier than you think. Despite nostalgia"s bittersweet rap and the oft-heard advice to live in the moment, recent studies suggest that the occasional detour down memory lane can give your spirits a significant lift. Thinking of good memories for just 20 minutes a day can make people more cheerful than they were the week before, and happier than if they think of their current lives, report researchers from Loyola University. Most people spontaneously reminisce when they"re alone or feeling down—or both—which suggests that we reach for pleasant memories as an antidote to feeling blue, says Loyola psychologist Fred Bryant. Think of a new arrival to a big city then remember good times with friends back home. Or a premed struggling with college chemistry which bolsters his confidence with memories of high school triumph. "Reminiscence can motivate you," says Bryant. More important, it can give you "a sense of being rooted, a sense of meaning and purpose—instead of being blown around by the whims of everyday life". Researchers at the University of Southampton in the UK have also found nostalgia to be a potent mood booster. Since memories often star important people in our lives, they may give us a comforting sense of belonging. According to studies by psychologist Tim Wildschut and colleagues, people who write about a nostalgic event are more cheerful after the exercise compared with people who write about an everyday experience. The studies also show that people who write about good memories report higher self-esteem and feel more positively about friendships and close relationships. Wildschut adds that people who are disposed to experience nostalgia also tend to see their past as positive, adding support to the idea of a nostalgia-prone personality. Previous research has shown that naturally nostalgic people have high self-esteem and are less prone to depression. They cope with problems more effectively and are more likely than not to receive social support after experiencing stress. Not surprisingly, these well-rooted folks also see their families more often. But even people who aren"t particularly nostalgic can enjoy the benefits of recalling the good old days. For best results, try reminiscing in your head rather than on paper, suggests a forthcoming study in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. When Sonja Lyubomirsky, a psychologist at the University of California at Riverside asked participants to either write or think about their happiest life experience, she found that those who replayed their happiest moments in their heads later experienced greater well-being than the writing group. Interestingly, a large body of research, including Lyubomirsky"s, shows that just the opposite happens when people process unpleasant life events: Ruminating about them retraumatises you, whereas analyzing them through writing helps you get past the trauma. But this dichotomy makes sense, since "you don"t want to get past a positive experience," explains Lyubomirsky. On the contrary, she says, "There"s a magic and mystery in positive events," so analyzing them lifts the veil and makes wondrous events more ordinary. For some people, reminiscing about good times can trigger painful emotions. Recalling a career triumph can make you feel like a has-been, and thinking back to cozy weekends with grandma might be a poignant reminder that she"s gone. But it needn"t be that way. "It"s what you focus on," says Lyubomirsky. "Do you focus on how positive it was then, or that it"s over now?" People who see each good experience as permanently enriching are more likely to get a mood boost. But a person who mainly focuses on the contrast between past and present damns every good experience with the attitude that nothing in the future can ever live up to it. To avoid dwelling on this contrast, Bryant recommends connecting the past with the present. As you think about your current job or family, for example, recalling your younger self who once dreamt of this future can enhance your outlook on the life you have now. "Recalled anticipation spices the moment," he says. Certainly, you can overdo reminiscence—"when there"s no joy in the moment except by resurrecting the past," says Bryant. He suggests a better approach to the passage of time: using positive reminiscence as part of a cycle that also includes savoring the present and looking forward to the future. Comprehension

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Retailers" Ethical Policy Growing corporate interest in ethics may be explained by emerging contemporary issues such as bio-ethics, pollution control, and environmental awareness. The ethical wave has not bypassed the retailing sector and the number of retailers committed to "fair trade" is increasing. Specific ethical actions such as good social conduct codes or the rollout of the so-called ethical standard, SA 8000 (Carrefour-Promod), are spreading. Retailers have also defined new job positions such as Executive Manager for the Environment, Import and Social Ethics Manager, or Sustainable Development Manager. Of course, retailers" ethical concern is enmeshed with ulterior motives because of the huge stakes involved. Various consumer studies actually show that if a company were to seriously default on its social and environmental obligations, 62.7% of French consumers would be prepared to shun the purchase of its products and 51.2% would support a boycott. Against the backdrop of increasingly tough competition among retailers, the growing number of scandals and incidents of professional misconduct have also generated deepseated consumer mistrust. Thus, the retailers having suffered the hardest hit by the crisis of confidence erosion have been gradually prompted to revise their business concepts. They now have to forge close ties with consumers to regain their trust. From this standpoint, ethics is an integral part of the development of a durable relationship between companies and their customers and is an inescapable approach for retailers as well. The Place of Ethics in Business Business" recent interest in the concept of ethics was first triggered by "in-house reasons," i.e., globalization and various corporate takeovers weakened corporate culture, and specifically led to the loss of collective bearings. The outside factor of deregulation forced companies to question their values. A company needs to create a common cultural reference and to clarify values, and also to guide or deliberately control employee behaviors. A company will justify any acts or decisions according to moral standards and values. This translates into a formalization of ethics through ethical codes or ethics committees. However, external reasons, such as the pressure of the sociopolitical environment, also explain the ethical approach to business. Mass consumer culture has made way for a more demanding, aesthetic and cultural consumerism. Consumers do not only take into account the material aspects of the products they purchase, but also their symbolic and cultural quality. The new attitude toward consumerism is defined by the search for a social identity. Thus, the formalization of ethics fosters relations with shareholders while conveying a serious, quality image to consumers. The rollout of an ethical policy is sometimes a sincere, albeit opportunistic, reaction of businesses to prevent conflicts, or to deploy conflict risk management. As companies operate within a competitive world where trade battles are won in the field of corporate image, their ethical strategies become instruments extending their power and adding value to the brand. The ethical discourse enhances the brand with an axiological content. This is a good way of avoiding the trivialization of the corporate discourse and of building a bulwark against the competition. Reasons for Integrating Ethics While retailers cannot evade the ethical pressures on companies, they are also in a difficult position as brokers between vendors and consumers. Nevertheless, retailers would like to assert themselves as companies in their own right. They are no longer working to convey the image of their suppliers" products but are seeking to forge their own image and establish their position with regard to their competitors. For instance, aside from the banner store supply, a retailer will also offer a product supply to consumers as a means of differentiating itself from rival businesses and of strengthening consumers" perceived image of the retailer. According to J. Gulbert, who is in charge of the Carrefour advertising budget at BETC Euro RSCG, "The notion of responsibility has become an engine that drives in-store attendance in the same way as low prices do. Carrefour had not thought of communicating on this topic; we suggested it." "A business discourse can no longer be called such if it does not include either a societal or environmental scope," adds Sylvie Cole, Advertising Executive at Carrefour. Retailers build their image in much the same way as companies do. This is because the former are often faced with a conflict between satisfying consumers-to whom retailers would like to offer a wider variety of products at competitive prices-and vendors, reputedly being forced into bankruptcy because of retailers" purchasing policies. Furthermore, consumers" perceived image of the retailer stems from the behavior identified with the store. Consumers satisfied with the quality of the goods and services of the store have a favorable image while dissatisfied consumers form a negative image. Recent research confirms these, albeit old, study findings and shows that consumers will tolerate non-ethical behavior as long as they believe that their investments and income remain the same. Once consumers think that this is no longer the case, they will react either by complaining or by changing suppliers. That is why a retailer"s communication aimed at improving its image may trigger favorable attitudes and spur in-store attendance. The promotion of ethics thus becomes a way for retailers to improve a still negative image. Comprehension

判断题You will hear a conversation. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 5 by writing T (for True) or F (for False). You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE.

判断题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section: Part A, Part B, and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. NOT on the ANSWER SHEET. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet.{{B}}Part A{{/B}} You will hear a conversation. As you listen, answer Question 1 to 10 by circling True or False. You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE. {{B}}You now have 60 seconds to read Question 1～10.{{/B}}

判断题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{I}} You will hear a conversation. As you listen, answer Questions 1～10 by circling True or False. You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE. You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 1～10.{{/I}}