填空题Thewomanwasworryingabouther______.

填空题could contribute to global warming?

填空题Legislation makes big progress in 20 years CHINA has made great achievements over the past two decades in its legal construction, said a recent article in China Daily. In line with a market economy, many laws and regulations in the country have been established or revised. Reform of state-owned enterprises is the key to China's economic reform drive. Its goal is to make firms responsible for their own gains and losses in the market place. In 1988, a new law gave a legal basis for the State enterprises' independent management. 67. ______ The newly issued Company Law is important in protecting the interests of both companies and shareholders. The law clearly defines the organization and operation of companies and thus guarantees order for the country's overall economic situation. China witnessed a great development in township enterprises in the past 20 years. To support and guide the development of township firms, and to boost economic development in rural areas, a law on these township enterprises was formulated. Establishment of a modern corporate system, which is at the core of a market economy, has been promoted by the country's progress in legislation. To set up a healthy macro-ecomomic control system, promoting a balanced allocation of resources, is an important aspect of economic reform. 68. ______ The division of central and local taxes represents a significant step forward in reforming the country's fiscal mechanisms. Backup laws and regulations have been mapped out on supervising tax collection. The Budget Law has helped strengthen government administration and macro-economic control measures to guarantee sound economic development. In the financial sector, the People's Bank of China has been identified through legislation as the central bank of the country. At the same time, policy banks and commercial banks have also been established. 69. ______ The world's most populous country, China has more than 80 percent of its population in rural areas. The country's further development largely depends on development of those regions. A law on agricultural development has been launched to guarantee the basic role of agriculture and the interests of rural businesses and residents. 70. ______ Laws regarding forests, water, water conservancy and flood prevention have played an important role in the country's agricultural development. Environmental protection is now one of the country's basic policies. To protect natural resources and maintain sustainable development, relevant laws and regulations have been promulgated. Promoting the market economy and guaranteeing fair competition, the Ethical Competition Law has also been enacted. At the same time, laws on product quality, consumer protection and advertising have helped maintain market order and healthy economic development. 71. ______ To guarantee the smooth development of infrastructure, laws regulating post and telecommunications, electricity, railways and highways have been inaugurated. Science and technology are essential to the country's overall progress. To promote progress in these fields, the country has set up laws on science and technology development, technological contract and utilization of science and technology in production. In line with the opening-up policy, laws and regulations on foreign-funded firms and Sino-foreign joint ventures have been launched, which are introducing foreign investment into the country. A. Different from last year, the government needs to collect more money to support the judiciary and security departments, because these departments have recently turned over their affiliated enterprises to the government. B. By relevant laws and regulations, agriculture's fundamental role in the national economy has been confirmed. C. To accelerate the reform, the National People's Congress has passed a series of laws on such issues as pricing, auditing, accounting statistics and metrology. D. A law to promote agro-technologies has greatly developed the application of science and technology in agriculture. E. Relevant regulations on the transitional period of State firm reform had also been established. F. Also, special laws and regulations have been drafted on the transfer and assignment of State owned land resources.

填空题It is a timeworn sign of old age and frailty. Yet arthritis often (1) ______ the young. (1) ______ This disease of the body also has a (2) ______ impact on the mind. (2) ______ "got very (3) ______. I couldn't sleep. (3) ______ When pain is (4) ______ like that, it changes your personality. (4)______ And it affected everyone around me," says Nora Baldner, who had arthritis in both hips. "I'd pour (5) ______ milk on my kids' cereal because I didn't want to walk to the back of the supermarket where the real milk was." (5) ______ Joint problems are now hurting and crippling 43 million Americans, and they're more (6) ______ than cancer or diabetes. (6) ______ The most common form, osteoarthritis, affects about 21 million. Rheumatoid arthritis, another common type, hits slightly more than 2 million. (There are 95 or so other forms, often affecting fewer people.) And the numbers are going up (7) ______. (7) ______ By 2025, the total is expected to top (8) ______ million, (8) ______ as an obese population pounds more heavily on its joints and an active generation of baby (9). ______ grinds them down. (9) ______ What's worse, these people will be fighting the disease without medicines that had become staples of treatment: The drugs Vioxx and Bextra have just been yanked off the market because they appear to (10) ______ the risk of heart disease, (10) ______ and that same shadow of fear has been cast over remaining drugs like Celebrex and even ibuprofen-- a medicine that had already worded doctors because heavy use can cause bleeding in the stomach.

填空题 Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Henry Kissinger was born in a small town, located {{U}}(31) {{/U}} the south German province of Franconia, on May 27,1923. His father was a Professor at a local high school, his mother was a house-wife; the setting was typical German-middleclass. {{U}}(32) {{/U}} the Kissingers were a Jewish family in Germany that was on the brink of Nazism. He and his younger brother were often beaten by anti-Semitic youngsters on their way to and {{U}}(33) {{/U}} their school; finally they were expelled and {{U}}(34) {{/U}} to attend an all-Jewish institution. Their father was forced to resign his professor-ship. After years of social torture, the family {{U}}(35) {{/U}} to the United States in 1938. In America, the Kissinger {{U}}(36) {{/U}} lived in New York City, in a neighborhood of Upper Manhattan among thousands of other {{U}}(37) {{/U}} and Austrian refugees. Henry Kissinger was never assimilated by the culture and society that made up America; in taste {{U}}(38) {{/U}} style, he would always be distinctly European. After four years in a New York City high school, {{U}}(39) {{/U}} he had shown special {{U}}(40) {{/U}} in mathematics, Kissinger began to study accounting at night sessions of the City University of New York, earning his tuition during the daytime. But then, in 1943, he was drafted by the US Army, an army which was at {{U}}(41) {{/U}} with the Axis Powers. After the war, his friend Kraemer got him a job {{U}}(42) {{/U}} an instructor in an Army training school that paid $10,000 a year. "That was real {{U}}(43) {{/U}} power in 1946," Kraemer would remark later. But Kissinger was {{U}}(44) {{/U}} interested in that materialist lure; he felt he wanted {{U}}(45) {{/U}} education of his own. And so he won a New York State scholarship, gave up his well-paying {{U}}(46) {{/U}}, and enrolled at Harvard in September 1946. Since the Civil War, Harvard had carefully nurtured its pipeline to the nation's capital. In the postwar years, the Department of State was small and unsteady; in many situations, its first reflex was to turn {{U}}(47) {{/U}} Harvard's area specialists. In late 1965, Kissinger {{U}}(48) {{/U}} invited to Saigon to investigate American involvement in Vietnam. In the following decades he {{U}}(49) {{/U}} a famous activist of political and diplomatic {{U}}(50) {{/U}}.

填空题A Caesars Palace Hotel Casino: This is one of the older grand hotel casinos in the heart of the strip, and it remains one of the most spectacular. It is decorated in an Imperial Roman theme with 3,348 rooms on 29 floors. The 1,000 seat Circus Maximus theater presents major entertainment events, the Omnimax theater features film spectacles, Cleopatra's Barge has dancing and Ceaser's Magical Kingdom presents a magical experience. The property's other amenities include the new Qua Baths and Spa, a luxurious retreat with an array of unique treatments and services, including Roman Baths. The Garden of the Gods Pool Oasis features four pools and two whirlpools. The 129,000-square-foot casino offers slot machines, table games, poker, keno, and a race and sports book. The Coliseum at Caesars Palace is a 4,000-seat stadium is now home to Bette Midler starting February 2008, Elton John's The Red Piano, and other events. Two onsite shopping venues hold more than 120 stores. The property also features a wedding chapel, a beauty salon, 24-hour room service, tour assistance, golfing arrangements, dry cleaning and laundry services, and a business center. B Circus Circus Hotel Casino: Circus Circus is one of the older hotel casinos located along the northern end of the Strip. In the Big Top, circus performances are held all day long every day. There is a large midway with carnival games for children and a huge computer gaming room with rides and other entertainment activities for children of all ages. The adult casino features low-stakes games and old-time slot machines. The Adventuredome, America's largest--and the Strip's only--indoor theme park features the world's only indoor double-loop, double-corkscrew roller coaster, an IMAX Ridefilm unitizing state-of-the-art motion-simulator technology, and scores of other exciting rides. The world's largest buffet is just one of the dining options on site; others are the family-style pizzeria, snack bar, and award-winning steakhouse. A wedding chapel, three outdoor swimming pools, and a shopping area round out the hotel's offerings. Each of the 3,700 rooms has air-conditioning, cable TV, pay-per-view, telephones, hairdryers, and video check-out. Non-smoking and handicap-accessible units are available on request. The Circus Circus Manor Motor Lodge, the two-star area of Circus Circus, is made up of five three-story buildings approximately a half-block behind the main casino with easy access to all main buildings, and an enclosed, moving walkway, and convenient parking. C Mandalay Bay Hotel Casino: The 60-acre Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino features a large pool area with a wave pool, an aquarium, and a casino. Located on the Las Vegas Strip, a complimentary monorail connects the hotel to the Luxor and Excalibur. This is one of the new hotel casinos, famous for its exotic tropical island theme. It has 3,700 rooms, 13 restaurants and snack bars, a huge spa, two wedding chapels and a shopping mall. It has a 12,000-seat events center that features major entertainments, a smaller House of Blues that features famous jazz and blues musicians and a theater that features Broadway type shows. Newly renovated Deluxe Rooms are the perfect blend of comfort and style, feature an extended living area, floor to ceiling windows, pillow top mattress, 42 inch plasma TV, iPodcompatible alarm clock/radio, his and her closets, desk area with wireless internet, mini bar, cordless phone. D MGM Grand Hotel Casino: This grand-scale hotel casino is located at the south end of the Strip across the boulevard from New York, New York. It is based on the theme of a large Hollywood movie studio. The hotel has 5,005 rooms, an amusement park, 16 restaurants, a fast food court and a small shopping mall. It has 3 outdoor stages, two large indoor theaters, a 16,325-seat auditorium plus a large dance club. The theaters feature major entertainers, rising comedy performers, and featured shows. The auditorium hosts many major sports events and performances by superstars. The MGM Grand Hotel and Casino embodies the spirit of Vegas, complete with posh accommodations, invigorating live shows and nightlife, front-door access to the Strip, and services that are more than enough for even the most pampered celebrity. The Grand Garden Arena hosts world class-boxing events and concert tours by the hottest headline performers. Current shows include the acrobatic spectacle KA by Cirque du Soleil. MGM Grand's Crazy Horse Paris celebrates beautiful women and the artistry of the nude. The 740-seat Hollywood Theatre features top-tier performers in a more intimate setting.The resort also features a Lion Habitat with big cats decended from Leo, the original MGM lion. The casino offers table games, slot machines, poker, and a race and sports book.·has the largest number of rooms among the four hotel casinos? 71. ______·features golfing arrangements? 72. ______·is home to America's largest indoor theme park? 73. ______·has a tropical theme? 74. ______·hosts sport events? 75. ______·caters to families with children? 76. ______·hosts magical performances? 77. ______·has free connecting monorail to its neighbours? 78. ______·has the world's largest buffet? 79. ______·features large windows in its Deluxe rooms? 80. ______

填空题As international commerce grows, there is an amazing development which is expanding at ever-increasing rate—business on the Internet. One of the most arresting auction business is called e-Bay. Down at the local auction house in the city, you would normally find excited bidders raising their hands or nodding agreement as the auctioneer rattles off the prices for a set of bookshelves, heater or second-hand television set. Now the same cut and thrust of auction selling is drawing not the hundreds who cram into a crowded auction room, but millions of Internet surfers who visit e-Bay, the biggest online auction site, and others of similar style. (66) For example, in one month when I looked at the colorful e-Bay site, these were numbers of items for sale in some of the major categories: Collectibles 684,473; Sports Memorabilia 269,051; Books, Movies, Music 267,324; Toys 242,155; (67) According to the e-Bay promotion, users can find the unique and the interesting on e-Bay—everything from chintz china to chairs, teddy bears to trains, and furniture to figurines. So why do people come to e-Bay? As the leading person-to-person trading site, Buyers trade on e-Bay because of the great number of items available. If you want it, somebody's probably selling it on e-Bay. Similarly, sellers are attracted to e-Bay to conduct business because e-Bay has the most buyers. There are over a million auctions happening on e-Bay every day. (68) "People tell us that they come for all the cool stuff they can get, But they stay, even after they finish their collection, for the fun people they meet at e-Bay. 'take your time, and get to know the e-Bay world' is their advice." So how do you make a bid and buy something at this auction? (69) First I had to register my name, email address and password with e-Bay. So they can track the sales and make sure that everybody is fair dealing. Remembering that bidding online is the same as buying or entering a contract with the seller, I searched under guitars in the Musical Instruments section with my mouse clicking on the various pages. I had a good look at the seller's feedback record. If the person selling goods on e-Bay has tried to cheat, or back out of a deal, email users of e-Bay can leave their own feedback comments, praising or criticizing the e-Bay seller, or bidder. This is everyone can see what is going on. The e-Bay company can ban anyone who has not acted by the rules. (70) The auction details were set out and the day the auction was to end (in one week's time). There was a nice picture of the guitar. I reviewed my bid of $20 to ensure that all the information was correct and clicked on the button "Place Bid". Unfortunately I was notified that my bid was not the highest—someone else had bid more money, so I missed out. However, if I had put in the highest bid, the e-Bay website would have notified me that I was the highest bidder for the time being. When the auction ends, the highest bidder buys the goods. A. Among the special items for sale are an illustration of the winners from 84 Years of the USA Open Golf tournament, signed by the famous golfers, and framed. There is a Beatles Original Coin, especially minted for the first US tour in 1964 of the famous Liverpool pop music group. Furniture, new kitchen knives, guitar study programs, computers—you name it e-Bay auction site has it, as people world-wide take advantage of the chance to sell their goods to the biggest market in the world—the cyberspace community of Internet watchers. B. This is a business that allows customers to buy and sell goods by offering them for sale, or bidding for items displayed at the e-Bay website, as if they were at an auction. Currently, e-Bay has listed at its website 2.14 million items for sale in 1,627 categories. Each month the e-Bay site has 1.5 billion visitors who view the e-Bay pages, looking for bargains or working out how much to charge for that bed or unwanted TV they want to list for auction. C. I was looking for a guitar and this is what I did. D. There are not many stores in the world where they praise you as a good shopper or give you minus points in public if you are a bad customer. But this is the kingdom of the Internet where the rules are being constructed as the system develops. E. According to an e-Bay spokesperson, e-Bay is more than just a place to trade. It's also a place to meet that one other person in the world who shares your passion for your own particular interest, whether it's stamps, war memorabilia, sporting goods, furniture or computer programs, for example. F. Then I was ready to bid. It does not cost any money to bid on items at e-Bay. Of course, if you win the auction, you must pay the seller directly, But you will not be charged anything by e-Bay.

填空题·would remain silent in the event of theft?

填空题Accordingtotheman,manyanimalsaresolitarymostofthetime.

填空题A The East and the Gulf Coast The Atlantic Gulf Coastal Plain extends along the east and southeast coasts of the United States from Long Island to the Rio Grande; Cape Cod and the islands off Massachusetts are also part of this region. Although narrow in the north, the Atlantic Coastal Plain widens in the south, merging with the Guff Coastal Plain in Florida. The Atlantic and Gulf coasts are essentially coastlines of submergence, with numerous estuaries, islands and barrier beaches backed by lagoons. The northeast coast has many fine natural harbors, such as those of New York Bay and Chesapeake Bay. A principal feature of the lagoon-lined Gulf Coast is the great delta of the Mississippi River. The Atlantic Coastal Plain rises in the west to the rolling Piedmont ( the falls along which were an early source of waterpower ), a hilly transitional zone leading to the Appalachian Mountains. These ancient mountains, a once towering system now worn low by erosion, extend southwest from Canada to the Gulf Coastal Plain in Alabama. In New England, the Appalachians extend in a few places to the Atlantic Ocean, contributing to a rocky, irregular coastline. The Appalachians and the Adirondack Mountains of New York ( which are geologically related to the Canadian Shield) include all the chief highlands of E United States; Mt. Mitchell (6,684ft/ 2,037m high), in the Black Mts. of North Carolina, is the highest point of North America.B The Plains and Highlands of the Interior Extending more than 1,000 mi (1,610 km) from the Appalachians to the Rocky Mts. and lying between Canada (into which they extend) in the north and the Gulf Coastal Plain in the south are the undulating Interior Plains. Once covered by a great inland sea, the Interior Plains are underlain by sedimentary rock. Almost all of the region is drained by one of the world's greatest river systems-the Mississippi-Missouri. The Interior Plains may be divided into two sections: the fertile central lowlands, the agricultural heartland of the United States; and the Great Plains, a treeless plateau that gently rises from the central lowlands to the foothills of the Rocky Mts. The Black Hills of South Dakota form the region's only upland area.C The Western Mountains and Great Basin West of the Great Plains are the lofty Rocky Mountains. This geologically young and complex system extends into United States from Canada and runs into New Mexico. There are numerous high peaks in the Rockies; the highest is Mt. Elbert (14,433ft/4,399m). The Rocky Mts. are divided into four sections-the Northern Rockies, the Middle Rockies, the Wyoming (Great Divide) Basin, and the Southern Rockies. Along the crest of the Rockies is the Continental Divide, separating Atlantic-bound drainage from that heading for the Pacific Ocean. Between the Rocky Mrs. and the ranges to the west is the Intermontane Region, an add expanse of plateaus, basins, and ranges. The Columbia Plateau, in the north of the region, was formed by volcanic lava and is drained by the Columbia River and its tributary the Snake River, both of which have cut deep canyons into the plateau. The enormous Colorado Plateau, an area of sedimentary rock, is drained by the Colorado River and its tributaries; there the Colorado River has entrenched itself to form the Grand Canyon, one of the world's most impressive scenic wonders. West of the plateaus is the Basin and Range province, an area of extensive semidesert. The lowest point in North America, in Death Valley (282ft/86m below sea level), is there. The largest basin in the region is the Great Basin, an area of interior drainage (the Humboldt River is the largest stream) and of numerous salt lakes, including the Great Salt Lake. Between the Intermontane Region and the Pacific Ocean is the Pacific Mountain System, a series of ranges generally paralleling the coast, formed by faulting and volcanism. The Cascade Range, with its numerous volcanic peaks extends from Canada into California, and from there is continued south by the Sierra Nevada, a great fault block. Mt. Whitney (14,495ft/4,418m), in the Sierra Nevada, is the highest peak in the conterminous United States.D The Pacific Coast, Alaska, and Hawaii West of the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada and separated from them by a structural trough are the Coast Ranges, which extend along the length of the U.S. Pacific coast. The Central Valley in California, the Willamette Valley in Oregon, and the Puget Sound lowlands in Washington are part of the trough. The San Andreas Fault, a fracture in the earth's crust, parallels the trend of the Coast Ranges from San Francisco Bay to Mexico; earthquakes are common along its entire length. The Pacific Coastal Plain is narrow, and in many cases the mountains plunge directly into the sea. A coastline of emergence, it has few islands, except for the Channel Islands (see Santa Barbara Islands) and those in Puget Sound; there are few good harbors besides Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, and San Diego Bay. Alaska may be divided into four physiographic regions; they are, from north to south, the Arctic Lowlands, the coastal plain of the Arctic Ocean; the Rocky Mountain System, of which the Brooks Range is the northernmost section; the Central Basins and Highlands Region, which is dominated by the Yukon River basin; and the Pacific Mountain System, which parallels Alaska's southern coast and which rises to Mt. McKinley (Denali; 20,320ft/6,194m), be highest peak of North America. The islands of Alaska and those of the Aleutian Islands chain are partially submerged portions of the Pacific Mountain System and are frequently subjected to volcanic activity and earthquakes. These islands, like those of Hawaii, are the tops of volcanoes that rise from the floor of the Pacific Ocean. Manna Kea and Mauna Loa on Hawaii are active volcanoes; the other Hawaiian islands are extinct volcanoes.·is narrow in the north and wide in the south? (74) ·has one of the world's most impressive scenic wonders? (75) ·has large basins with interior drainage and salt lakes? (76) ·was once a towering system but now worn by erosion? (77) ·was once covered by a great inland sea? (78) ·is characterized by a structural trough ? (79) ·was formed by volcanic lava? (80) ·is lined by lagoons with beautiful harbors? (81) ·has the frequent occurrence of earthquake? (82) ·is drained by one of the world's greatest river systems? (83)

填空题In the following article some paragraphs or sentences have been removed. For questions, choose the most suitable paragraph or sentence from the lists A —F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which doesn't fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1. Opinion polls repeatedly tell us that the only thing Americans worry about more than the environment is their health. This is entirely understandable, for health is obviously preferable to illness. What makes today's preoccupation with health slightly surprising is that Americans are far healthier now than they have ever been. 16.____________ Nonetheless, health — and the various threats to it — remains everyone's permanent concern. After all, more than half of us will die from either heart disease or cancer, if current trends continue. 17.____________ For instance, AIDS — if you get it—will probably be fatal after a number of years. Cancer induced by smoking or exposure to radiation, on the other hand, may take 20 to 30 years before its catastrophic effects show up. In making choices about health risks, therefore, it is important to bear in mind the likely time lag between taking a risk and suffering its consequences. Those with a mind to "live for today" are apt to be indifferent to health risks that have a very long incubation period. Although this is short-sighted, it does make sense to discount long-term risks more than short-term ones. 18.____________ One commonly used measure to deal with such problems is a concept called years of potential life lost. The idea is that for a 25-year-old, doing something that will kill him in 5 years is much more "costly" than doing something that will kill him in 40 years. Both may involve the same element of risk—the same probability of eventually dying from that activity — but a risk that may cause immediate damage is much more costly than one for which the piper needn't be paid for a long time. In the first case, he will have his normal life span cut short by about 45 years; in the latter case, the deficit is about 5 years. Thinking about matters in this light inevitably causes a reassessment of many of the threats to health. For instance, heart disease is the single largest killer of Americans, way in front of cancer or strokes. 19.____________ Hence, more YPLLs are lost to cancer than to heart disease despite the greater incidence of fatal heart cases. Specifically, cancers claim about 25 percent more YPLLs than heart disease. The concept of YPLLs has an important, if controversial, influence on issues in health care economics. It is frequently argued that money devoted to medical research on curing diseases should be divided up on the basis of the number of lives lost to each disease. Thus, some critics of the massive levels of funding devoted to AIDS research claim that compared to killers such as heart disease and cancer — AIDS receives a disproportionately high support. 20.____________ Put differently, finding a cure for AIDS would be likely to add about 25 to 30 years to the life of each potential victim. Finding a cure for heart disease, although it might save far more lives, would probably add only another 5 to t0 years to the life of its average victim. The assessment of the seriousness of a risk changes, depending upon whether we ask how many lives it claims or how many YPLLs it involves. Some of the differences are quite striking. For instance, accidental deaths appear relatively insignificant compared to cancer and heart disease when we just count the deaths caused. But once we look at the number of lost years, accidents loom into first place among the killers of Americans. These data show that we need to ask not only how large a risk is but also when it becomes payable. A. However, heart disease tends to strike the elderly in much greater proportions than younger people. Cancer, by contrast, kills fewer people but tends to strike somewhat earlier than heart disease. B. After all, when virtually any of us is confronted with the choice of doing something likely to kill us today versus doing something likely to kill us in two decades, the choice is going to be the lesser of the two evils. C. Many diseases that once struck terror into hearts have either been completely eliminated or brought under control. Although AIDS is a notable exception, few new mass killers have come along to replace the ones that have been eliminated. D. Other things being equal, the sooner a risk causes damage or death, the more that risk is to be avoided. E. That criticism fails to consider the fact that AIDS, by virtue of striking people 20, 000 deaths per year, bad as that is, might suggest. F. One major problem with any comparison of health risks — especially life-threatening ones — is that they differ enormously in their immediacy.

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填空题The year 1972 was marked by publication of a controversial book, The Limits to Growth. This study of the world"s future, done by a team of MIT scientists with the aid of computer "mode-is" of the future of our society, forecast a planet wide disaster unless humankind sharply limits its population growth and consumption of natural resources. 1 Many refused to believe that disaster is possible, probable, inevitable if we don"t change our mode of running Spaceship Earth. But science fiction people were neither surprised nor outraged. The study was really old news to them. They"d been making their own "models" of tomorrow and testing them all their lives. For what the scientists attempted with their computer model is very much like the thing that science fiction writers and readers have been doing for decades. Instead of using a computer to "model" a future world society, science fiction writers have used their human imaginations. This gives the writers some enormous advantages. 2 Science fiction writers are not in the business of predicting the future. They do something much more important. They try to show the many possible futures that lie open to us. For there is not simply a future, a time to come that"s inevitable. Our future is built, bit by bit, minute by minute, by the actions of human beings. One vital role of science fiction is to show what kinds of future might result from certain kinds of human actions. 3 For while a scientist" s job has largely ended when he" s reduced his data to tabular or graph form, the work of a science fiction writer is just beginning. His task is to convey the human story: the scientific basis for the possible future of his story is merely the background. Perhaps "merely" is too limiting a word. Much of science fiction consists of precious little except the background, the basic idea, the gimmick. But the best of science fiction, the stories that make a lasting impact on generations of readers, are stories about people. The people may be non-human. They may be robots or other types of machines. But they will be people, in the sense that human readers can feel for them, share their joys and sorrows, their dangers and their ultimate successes. 4 The formula for telling a powerful story has remained the same: create a strong character, a person of great strengths, capable of deep emotions and decisive action. Give him a weakness. Set him in conflict with another powerful character--or perhaps with nature. Let his exterior conflict be the mirror of the protagonist"s own interior conflict, the clash of his desires, his own strength against his own weakness. And there you have a story. Whether it" s Abraham offering his only son to God, or Paris bringing ruin to Troy over a woman, or Hamlet and Claudius playing their deadly game, Faust seeking the world" s knowledge and power--the stories that stand out in the minds of the readers are those whose characters are unforgettable. 5 The writer of science fiction must show how these worlds and these futures affect human beings. And something much more important, he must show how human beings can and do literally create these future worlds. For our future is largely in our own hands. It doesn"t come blindly rolling out of the heavens ; it is the joint product of the actions of billions of human beings. This is a point that"s easily forgotten in the rush of headlines and the hectic badgering of everyday life. But it"s a point that science fiction makes constantly, the future belongs to us whatever it is. We make it, our actions shape tomorrow. We have the brains and guts to build paradise (or at least try). Tragedy is when we fail, and the greatest crime of all is when we fail even to try. Thus science fiction stands as a bridge between science and art, between the engineers of technology and the poets of humanity. Never has such a bridge been more desperately needed. Writing in the British journal New Scientist, the famed poet and historian Robert Graves said in 1912,"Technology is now warring openly against the crafts, and science covertly against poetry. " What Graves is expressing is the fear that many people have: technology has already allowed machines to replace human muscle power; now it seems that machines such as electronic computers might replace human brainpower. And he goes even further, criticizing science on the grounds that truly human endeavors ours such as poetry have a power that scientists can"t recognize. A. The art of fiction has not changed much since prehistoric times. B. To communicate the ideas, the fears and hopes, the shape and feel of all the infinite possible futures, science fiction writers lean heavily on another of their advantages: the art of fiction. C. One of the advantages is flexibility. D. Most people were caught by surprise when the book came out. E. To show other worlds, to describe possible future societies and the five problems lurking ahead, is not enough. F. Apparently Graves sees scientists as a sober, plodding phalanx of soulless thinking machines, never making a step that hasn"t been carefully thought out in advance.

填空题Massive Growth of Ecotourism Worries Biologists Something weird is happening in the wilderness. The animals are becoming restless. Polar bears and penguins, dolphins and dingoes, even birds in the rainforest are becoming stressed. They are losing weight, with some dying as a result. The cause is a pursuit intended to have the opposite effect: ecotourism. 1. ______ Ecotourism has clear benefits. Poor countries that are rich in biodiversity benefit from the money tourists bring in, supposedly without damaging the environment. "Ecotourism is an alternative activity to overuse of natural resources," says Geoffrey Howard of the East Africa office of IUCN (the World Conservation Union) in Nairobi, Kenya. "Many of our projects encourage ecotourism so that rural people can make a living out of something apart from using too much of the forests or fisheries or wetlands." 2. ______ What is not considered are less obvious impacts. "Transmission of disease to wildlife, or subtle changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily routines or increased stress levels, while not apparent to a casual observer, may translate to lowered survival and breeding," says Philip Seddon of the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. 3. ______ Such changes in behaviour "are potentially serious for the population", says Gordon Hastie, a marine mammal expert at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. Hastie and his team have found that dolphins in the Moray Firth in Scotland spend significantly more time surfacing synchronously in the presence of boats than they do otherwise. This could lead to the animals resting more at night, possibly reducing the time they spend socialising and foraging. 4. ______ Markus Dyck and Richard Baydack of the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, have found that signs of vigilance among male bears increased nearly sevenfold when vehicles were around. Just one vehicle could disturb the bears. 5. ______ Such effects are seen among yellow-eyed penguins in the Otago peninsula in New Zealand. Observations by Seddon's team, also to be published in Biological Conservation, show that chicks in areas frequently visited by tourists weigh on average 0.76 kilograms less than chicks in an area not visited, a fall of over 10 per cent. This could be a result of parents taking longer to reach the chicks after they finish foraging at sea. "Yellow-eyed penguins tend to delay landing if people are clearly visible at their beach landing sites," says Seddon. "Penguins will run back into the sea if approached on the beach, and will wait beyond the breakers until a beach is clear." Such delays could mean that the birds digest some of the food that they would otherwise regurgitate to feed their chicks. Seddon found that the lighter chicks were less likely to survive, and he fears that heavy tourist traffic could ultimately spark the failure of a colony. A For instance, Rochelle Constantine of the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and her colleagues have been monitoring schools of bottlenose dolphins along the country's north-eastern coast since 1996. In an upcoming paper in Biological Conservation, they report that the dolphins become increasingly frenetic when tourist boats are present. They rest for as little as 0.5 per cent of the time when three or more boats are close, compared with 68 per cent of the time in the presence of a single research boat. B Like dolphins, the bears may pay a heavy price for such altered behaviour. The tourist visits could be increasing the animals' heart rates and metabolism when they ought to be conserving their energy, and this could be reducing their body fat and individual fitness, the researchers argue. "For slow-breeding animals the effects could take years to detect, by which time it may be too late to reverse the damage," says Constantine. C The massive growth of the ecotourist industry has biologists worried. Evidence is growing that many animals do not react well to tourists in their backyard. The immediate effects can be subtle -- changes to an animal's heart rate, physiology, stress hormone levels and social behaviour, for example -- but in the long term the impact tourists are having could endanger the survival of the very wildlife they want to see. D Ecotourism can have an even more detrimental effect in the wilderness regions of Africa and South America. "In more remote places such as the Amazon, there's not much control," says ecologist Martin Wikelski of Princeton University in New Jersey. E Land animals are affected too. Since the early 1980s, specialised vehicles have been taking people to watch polar bears during October and November in Manitoba, Canada, a time when the animals should be resting and waiting for Hudson Bay to freeze over so they can start hunting seals. But often the bears are not resting as they should. F But while the IUCN and other organisations, and governments of nations such as New Zealand and Australia, try to ensure that their projects are ecologically feasible, many ecotourist projects are unaudited, unaccredited and merely hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations. The guidelines that do exist mostly address the obvious issues such as changes in land use, cutting down trees, making tracks, or scaring wildlife.

填空题 You will hear a talk. As you listen ,you must answer Questions 21～30 by writing NO MORE THAN THREEwords. You will hear the talk TWICE.

填空题{{B}} A = Mike Stone B = Anonymous C = Kirkus Reviews Which review ...{{/B}} {{B}}A{{/B}} Mike Stone: In this collection of humourous essays, Umberto Eco exemplifies my most favourite literary character: the lovable curmudgeon. Only he happens to be a curmudgeon blessed with world class wit, an encyclopedic knowledge of history and art and literature, and the reputation as the world's leading expert on semiotics. I enjoy his writing best when he's not wielding all of those swords at once. During those pieces the humour gets tangled up in the academia, causing migraine headaches for his less nimble-minded audience (an example of this is the long piece "Stars and Stripes", which in the interest of full disclosure I'll admit to not understanding). The better pieces are quick, to the point and almost existential. They are also very accessible. "On the Impossibility of Drawing a Map of the Empire on a Scale of 1 to 1" takes that wickedly mischievous proposition to its logical conclusion, and skewers the pomposity of academics who feel equipped to offer a truthful representation of the world. Eco himself knowingly gets caught in that cross fire, much to his own delight. My favourite piece is entitled "How Not to Use the Cellular Phone". In it, he rationally categorizes cell phone users (ranging from those so important they need to be on-call 24 hours a day, to those living lives so lame they must constantly be in contact with people who might be doing something interesting). Upon completion, I felt justified in my desire to never own one of those horrendous little gadgets. Once again, a funny little book that makes you look at the world you're living in just a bit differently. What more can you ask? {{B}}B{{/B}} Anonymous: How to Travel with a Salmon, or the logical illogic behind everyday life. Umberto Eco is one of my favorite writers/thinkers and I Was well pleased when he allowed some of his followers like me off the hook with a down-to-earth, easy-to-follow book. Sharp witted and clearly with tongue placed firmly in cheek, Eco skewers human habits and modern day customs with a faux/not faux rationalism, sometimes with the same stance you'd imagine he'd lecture a graduate course in the theories of semiotics. But, fear not, dear reader, Dr. Eco is just having a little fun. An essay entitled "How to Be a Television Host", turns out to be a parody on how the powers-that-be who produce entertainment/ shows/movies must think the audiences are really dumb. Even though he kinda went overboard with applause and the fictional Bonga nation (somewhere "between Terra Incognita and the Isle of the Blest"), it is truth. He even parodies himself and academicians like himself in the piece 'Three Owls in a Chest Drawer' (in which two more of my favorites—Erica Jong and Camille Paglia—get a nod) which ends with a wry punchline "This, and only this; is what Poetry demands of us." Eco says one should never fear exaggeration in writing parody. Well, truly, he is fearless in these essays. {{B}}C{{/B}} Kirkus Reviews: Popular novelist (The Name of the Rose, 1983, Foucault's Pendulum, 1989) and notorious semiologist (at the Univ. of Bologna) Eco shows himself to be a journalist as well with this generally diverting volume of short pieces. Eco calls these short essays diario minimo— minimal diaries—after the magazine column where he first published a series of such efforts (previously collected in Misreadings, not reviewed). The work presented here, much of which dates from the late '80s and early '90s, celebrates, or more often condemns, postmodern life in a style familiar to American readers. Occasional parodic fantasies in the mode of Borges or Calvino find Eco exploring the intriguing, if absurd, notion of a map in 1:1 scale, chronicling race relations in a future universe populated by humorously bizarre alien life-forms, or describing watches whose features cause one to lose track of the time. But Eco focuses on articulating his amusing complaints, analyzing our quotidian myths with light touches and lamentations that will recall Andy Rooney and Erma Bombeck—at best, an academic Mike Royko—sooner than Roland Barthes. Pieces on once-current events have been carefully excluded, but most of these essays remain essentially journalistic in their devotion to exploring contemporary life. The title piece pits Eco against an English hotel bureaucracy intent on making it difficult for him to refrigerate an expensive salmon that he has brought from Copenhagen; Others mock "how-to" essays--on fax machines and cellular telephones, for example; there are cautionary tales of encounters with Amtrak trains and Roman cabs. All have as their subtext the chaos brought in the wake of unbridled technological innovation and intercontinental travel. While he wastes some time exposing clichés—Indians in westerns, unworthy sequels—that are cliches to expose, Eco entertains with his clever reflections and with his unique persona, the featured player in his stories.·indicates that Eco is well acclaimed across the worl d? 71. ______·is more critical about the book than the other two? 72. ______·suggests that the book contains certain pieces that might havegone beyond the comprehension of it's readers? 73. ______·suggests that the book is quite accessible for those who loveEco's works? 74. ______·states that the influence of the book can be exerted in real life? 75. ______·gives the title of a book by the same writer which includesessays in the same form as the one in question? 76. ______·suggests that the book is not among the profound ones by othertop scholars? 77. ______·gives the book in question the highest appraisal among the three? 78. ______betrays the names of the writers the reviewer himself loves? 79. ______·indicates that How to Travel with a Salmon is one of the essaysincluded in the book? 80. ______

填空题{{B}} Which book...{{/B}}·places an stress on something that can hardly be learnt at school? {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}·is particularly helpful for those who fear changes? {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}·tells readers it doesn't follow that those who don't have good academic achieve- ·ment will not make a fortune? {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}·is not written by a single writer? {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}·tells a very simple story but it contains many messages? {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}·seems not to express ideas straightforward? {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}·is written by the one who also wrote a lot of other works with other writers? {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}·is probably full of facts? {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}·is not only statistical but also interesting? {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}·is not related to finance? {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{B}}A{{/B}} Change can be a blessing or a curse, depending on your perspective. The message of Who Moved My Cheese? is that all can come to see it as a blessing, if they understand the nature of cheese and the role it plays in their lives. Who Moved My Cheese? is a parable that takes place in a maze. Four beings live in that maze: Sniff and Scurry are mice--nonanalytical and nonjudgmental, they just want cheese and are willing to do whatever it takes to get it; Hem and Haw are "little people", mouse-size humans who have an entirely different relationship with cheese. It's not just sustenance to them; it's their self-image. Their lives and belief systems are built around the cheese they've found. Most of us reading the story will see the cheese as something related to our livelihoods--our jobs, our career path, the industries we work in--although it can stand for anything, from health to relationships. The point of the story is that we have to be alert to changes in the cheese, and be prepared to go running off in search of new sources of cheese when the cheese we have runs out. Dr. Johnson, co-author of The One Minute Manager and many other books, presents this parable to business, church groups, schools, military orgazinations--any place where you find people who may be nervous about or resist change. And although more analytical and skeptical readers may find the tale a little too simplistic, its beauty is that it sums up all natural history in just 94 pages: Thingy change. They always have changed and always will change. And while there's no single way to deal with change, the consequence of pretending change won't happen is always the same: The cheese runs out.{{B}}B{{/B}} Personal-finance author and lecturer Robert Kiyosaki established his unique economic perspective through exposure to a pair of disparate influences: his own highly educated but fiscally unstable father, and the multimillionaire eighth-grade dropout father of his closest friend. The lifelong monetary problems experienced by his "poor dad" (whose weekly paychecks, while respectable, were never quite sufficient to meet family needs) pounded home the counterpoint communicated by his "rich dad" (that "the poor and the middle class work for money", but "the rich have money work for them"). Taking that message to heart, Kiyosaki was able to retire at 47. Rich Dad, Poor Dad, written with consultant and CPA Sharon L. Lechter, lays out the philosophy behind his relationship with money. Although Kiyosaki can take a frustratingly long time to make his points, his book nonetheless compellingly advocates for the type of "financial literacy" that's never taught in schools. Based on the principle that income-generating assets always provide healthier bottom-line results than even the best of traditional jobs, it explains how those assets might be acquired so that the jobs can eventually be shed.{{B}}C{{/B}} What do you do after you've written the NO. 1 best-seller The Millionaire Next Door? Survey 1, 371 more millionaires and write The Millionaire Mind. Dr. Stanley's extremely timely tone is mixture of entertaining elements. It resembles Regis Philbin's hit show(and CD-ROM game) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, only you have to pose real-life questions, instead of quizzing about trivia. Are you gambling, divorce-prone, conspicuously consuming "Income-Statement Affluent" Jacuzzi fool soon to be parted from his or her money, or a frugal, Noyal, resole your shoes and buy your own groceries type like one of Stanley' s "Balance-Sheet Affluent" millionaires? "Cheap dates, "millionaires are 4.9 times likelier to play with their grandkids than shop at Brooks Brothers. "If you asked the average American what it takes to be a millionaire," he writes, "they'd probably quoted a number of predictable factors: inheritance, luck, stock market investments... Topping his list would be a high IQ, high SAT scores and gradepoint average, along with attendance at a top college." No way, says Stanley, backing it up with data he compiled with help from the University of Georgia and Harvard geodemographer Jon Robbin. Robbin may wish he'd majored in socializing at LSU, instead, because the numbers show the average millionaire had a lowly 2.92 GPA, SAT scores between 1100 and 1190, and teachers who told them they were mediocre students but personable people. "Discipline 101 and Tenacity 102' made them wealth. Stanley got straight C's in English and writing, but he had money-minded drive. He urges you to pattern your life according to Yale professor Robert Sternberg's Successful Intelligence, because Stanley's statistics bear out Sternberg's theories on what makes minds succeed--and it is not IQ. Besides offering insights into millionaires' pinchpenny ways, pleasing quips("big brain, no bucks" ), and 46 statistical charts with catchy titles, Stanley' s book booms with human-potential pep talk and bristles with anecdotes--for example, about a bus driver who made $ 3 million, a doctor(reporting that his training gave him zero people skills)who lost $ 1.5 million, and a loser scholar in the bottom 10 percent on six GRE tests who grew up to be Martin Luther King Jr. Read it and you'll feel like a million bucks.

填空题Earthquakes can be devastating (1) disasters. The infamous San Francisco earthquake of 1906 caused over $ 200 million worth of damage, (2) almost 30,000 buildings, and (3) about 450 persons. In Japan, the cities of Tokyo and Yokohama were leveled by the earthquake of 1923 in which more than 140, 000 persons were killed by falling buildings and fires, and over a million people were left (4) — all in 30 seconds. Hundreds (5) earthquakes occur every year (6) the world. Fortunately, (7) are as destructive as those described above. The development of (8) accurate system for predicting earthquakes would (9) the loss of life and (10) , but at present scientists can only study these phenomena. The study of earthquakes is called seismology. Seismographs, instruments sensitive (11) ground movement, are used to chart each motion, and the Richter Scale is commonly used to grade each earthquake's strength (12) a 1 to 10 scale. It is now known that earthquakes are created by sudden shifts that occur along faults deep in the earth's crust. (13) to the Theory of Continental Drift, the earth's crust consists (14) about twenty rigid sections, (15) plates that are in continuous (16) . This movement grinds and presses rock at the edge of the plates. (17) the pressure becomes too great, the rocks shift, and the resulting movement sends energy, or seismic waves, to the (18) of the earth. Most major earthquakes occur along the edge of the (19) , and the most damaging impact occurs at the first surface-point reached (20) the seismic waves.