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填空题 Pollution is a "dirty" word. To pollute means to contaminate--to spoil something by introducing impurities which make {{U}}(31) {{/U}} unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it, {{U}}(32) {{/U}} it, drink it, and stumble through it. We literally lived in and breathe pollution, and {{U}}(33) {{/U}} surprisingly, it is beginning to {{U}}(34) {{/U}} our health, our happiness, and our very civilization. Once we thought of pollution {{U}}(35) {{/U}} meaning simply smog--the choking, stinging, dirty {{U}}(36) {{/U}} that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is {{U}}(37) {{/U}} the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several {{U}}(38) {{/U}} attack the most basic life functions. Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, {{U}}(39) {{/U}} the wildlife. By {{U}}(40) {{/U}} sewage and chemicals into river and lakes, we have contaminated our {{U}}(41) {{/U}} water. We are polluting the oceans, too, killing the fish and {{U}}(42) {{/U}} depriving ourselves {{U}}(43) {{/U}} an invaluable food supply. Part of the problem is our exploding {{U}}(44) {{/U}}. More and more people produce more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our "throw-away" technology. Each year Americans {{U}}(45) {{/U}} of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper, 25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is no longer fashionable to {{U}}(46) {{/U}} anything. Today almost everything is disposable. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} of repairing a toaster or a radio, it is easier and cheaper to buy a new one and discard the old, even {{U}}(48) {{/U}} 95 percent of its parts may still be functioning. Baby diapers, which used to be made of reusable cloth, are now paper throw-aways. Soon we will wear clothing made of {{U}}(49) {{/U}} :"Wear it once and throw it away, "will be the slogan of the fashion. Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem? {{U}}(50) {{/U}} solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious.

填空题WhousuallytakecareoftheelderlypeopleintheUnitedStates?

填空题covers an area of over 69 square miles.

填空题Accordingtothepassage,whatwereparentsusuallyexpectedtoprovidefortheirchildren?

填空题 Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Pollution is a "dirty" word. To pollute means to contaminate--topsoil or something by introducing impurities which make{{U}} (31) {{/U}}unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it,{{U}} (32) {{/U}}it, drink it, and stumble through it. We literally lived in and breathe pollution, and{{U}} (33) {{/U}}surprisingly,it is beginning to{{U}} (34) {{/U}}our health,our happiness,and our civilization. Once we thought of pollution{{U}} (35) {{/U}}meaning simply the smog—the choking, stinging, dirty{{U}} (36) {{/U}}that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is{{U}} (37) {{/U}}the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several{{U}} (38) {{/U}}attack the most basic life functions. Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land,{{U}} (39) {{/U}}the wildlife. By{{U}} (40) {{/U}}sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have contaminated our{{U}} (41) {{/U}}water. We are polluting the oceans, too, kilting the fish and{{U}} (42) {{/U}}depriving ourselves{{U}} (43) {{/U}}an invaluable food supply. Part of the problem is our exploding{{U}} (44) {{/U}}. More and more people are producing more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our "throw-away" technology. Each year Americans{{U}} (45) {{/U}}of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper, 25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is no longer wise to{{U}} (46) {{/U}}anything. Today almost everything is disposable.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}of repairing a toaster or a radio, it is easier and cheaper to buy another one and discard the old,even{{U}} (48) {{/U}}95 percent of its parts may still be functioning. Baby diapers,which used to be made of reusable cloth, are now paper throw-aways. Soon we will wear clothing made of{{U}} (49) {{/U}}:" Wear it once and throw it away" will be the slogan of the fashionable consciousness. Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump,or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem?{{U}} (50) {{/U}}, solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious.

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填空题 You'll hear a talk on Open University. As you listen, you must answer questions 21—30 by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided for you, you 7l hear the talk TWICE.

填空题has strengthened links with the Southern part of China?

填空题Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards, from 1 praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, 2 research the relation 3 actions and their consequences argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain 4 rewards often destroy creativity 5 encouraging dependence 6 approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially 7 educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks 8 in grade-school children, suggesting 9 properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, 10 to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. "If kids know they"re working for a 11 and can focus 12 a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity", says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it"s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for 13 performance or creating too 14 anticipation for re-wards. "A teacher 15 continually draws attention to rewards or who hands 16 high grades for ordinary achievement ends up 17 discouraged students, Eisenherger holds. 18 an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing 19 . In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in 20 students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

填空题Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be required more than once. A=Saturn B=Venus C=Mercury Which planets ... · has been explored by 15 spacecraft? 21. ______ · has a system of rings and more than I satellites? 22. ______ · has a weak magnetic field? 23. ______ · has the lowest density? 24. ______ · is named after the Roman goddess of beauty? 25. ______ · was believed to have a sinister influence upon people? 26. ______ · was thought by ancient people as two separate stars? 27. ______ · is completely covered with opaque clouds? 28. ______ · are closer to the Sun than the Earth? 29. ______ 30. ______ Saturn For beauty and interest alike, there are few objects in the starry heavens to compare with Saturn. This magnificent planet, with the system of rings that encircles it, provides an unforgettable spectacle when it is viewed through a powerful telescope. The Saturnian system includes not only the planet and its rings, but also 11 or more satellites, or moons. To the ancients Saturn appeared to be the most insignificant of the heavenly bodies that were supposed to circle the earth (the sun, the moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn), as distinguished from the fixed stars. The glorious rings that surround the planet were invisible before the invention of the telescope in the first decade of the seventeenth century. Otherwise this magnificent crown might have saved Saturn from the sinister reputation that it once bore. Ancient astrologers maintained that it had a sinister influence upon people. Saturn is far from the center of the solar system. The mean distance of Saturn from the sun is 1,428,000,000 kilometers, or about 9.5 times the distance of the earth from the sun. The density of Saturn is very low, much lower than that of any other planet. In fact it is only about three-quarters that of water. Because of this fact some astronomers hold that Saturn is far from having reached the solid condition. Venus The beautiful white planet whose orbit lies between those of Mercury and of the Earth is called Venus after the Roman goddess of beauty. The planet is similar to our earth in size and mass. Its diameter is about 12,100 kilometers; the earth's is 12,725 kilometers. Its mass is a little more than four-fifths that of the earth. Its density is about nine-tenths that of our planet. Venus revolves around the sun once every 225 days in an orbit that is very nearly circular. As the planet revolves, it rotates about its axis once every 243.1 earth days, from east to west instead of in the west-to-east direction of most other celestial bodies. The planet is tilted only slightly with respect to the plane of its orbit. As it proceeds along its orbit, Venus is sometimes on the far side of the sun from the earth, or at superior conjunction. At other times Venus is between the sun and the earth, at inferior conjunction. At superior conjunction it is quite far form earth. But at inferior conjunction it is only about 41,840,000 kilometers away -closer than any other planet. These variations in distance result in notable differences in the apparent size of the planet as viewed from the earth, at inferior conjunction, the apparent diameter is six times greater than at superior conjunction. Venus has been explored by 15 spacecraft of which five were from the United States and ten were from the soviet Union. Some of these were orbiters, some were landers, and some were both. The planet is completely covered with opaque clouds, which make an almost perfect reflecting layer. Mercury Mercury is the nearest of the planets to the sun. It is the smallest of all and also, at certain intervals, one of the brightest. In spite of that fact, it is generally not easy to see with the naked eye. For one thing, it appears in the heavens only during the hours of twilight and dawn, when even very bright stars do not appear at their best. Besides, it is often obscured by haze near the horizon. The great Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus once lamented the fact that he had not been able to see Mercury at all in his many years of observation of the heavens. Perhaps this was due to the nature of the district where he lived -the low and misty region of eastern Prussia where the Vistula flows into the Baltic. Mercury makes such a small circuit around the sun that it is always comparatively near that body. It never rises in the morning or sets in the evening much before or after the sun. Because of its appearance sometimes in the east and sometimes in the west, some ancient peoples including the Egyptians, Hindus, and Greeks, thought of it as two separate heavenly bodies -a morning star and an evening star. The Greeks called the morning star "Apollon" after the god of the sun, and the evening star "Hermes," the name of the swift messenger of the gods, because the planet's apparent motion among the stars was so swift. It is said that the Greek philosopher Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century B.C., was the first to recognize that the morning star and evening star were one and the same heavenly body. That fact was well known to Roman astronomers. Hermes was worshiped by the Romans under the name of Mercury. Scientists were surprised to discover that Mercury has a very thin atmosphere consisting of helium. It is so thin that the word "atmosphere" gives the wrong impression, but no such gas envelope has been expected at all. Another surprise was that Mercury has a weak magnetic field. Whether this field is produced by the planet itself or produced in some way by the solar wind -the stream of particles flowing out from the sun -is not yet certain. But at any rate, the interior of Mercury is probably earthlike in composition, with an iron core and a less dense outer crust.

填空题Wherewastheletterprobablyplacedmanyyearsago?

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填空题Accordingtotheman,manyanimalsaresolitarymostofthetime.

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填空题{{B}} A = Part Ⅰ B = Part Ⅱ C = Part Ⅲ D = Part Ⅳ Which part(s) says that...{{/B}} {{B}} A Part Ⅰ{{/B}} 1. Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey with 8. 8 million inhabitants (1996 estimate, within municipal borders), is situated on both sides of the Bosporus, making it a city of two continents, Europe and Asia. It is the capital of Istanbul province with 10 million inhabitants (2004 estimate ). 2. The name "Istanbul" comes from the Greek phrase "eis ten polin" used by Constantinople's inhabitants, and which meant "in the city". The Arabs adopted it and used it as a name for the city, Istinbolin. There are 3 major parts of Istanbul. Larger Istanbul is 45 km wide and 35 long from south to north. The city continues all along the strait of Bosporus, which connects-the Black Sea to Sea of Marmara and the Mediterranean further south. 3. The original Constantinople was surrounded by seven hills, just like Rome. 6 crests lies along the Golden Horn, while the 7th lies alone about a km south. The hills have plat summits, and steep slopes. 4. This, the original part of the city, now Corresponds to Stamboul, which is the main focus of tourism, with the many sights from the city's long history. Beyoglu is the modem part of today's Istanbul, housing many theatres, government offices and businesses. The waters from the Black Sea thrust south through the Bosporus. Underneath there is strong undercurrent coming from the Mediterranean Sea. The currents change 7 times through the strait, often making it difficult to pass for smaller vessels. Istanbul is connected to Europe and the rest of Turkey with highways and railroads.{{B}} B Part Ⅱ{{/B}} 5. The bridges crossing the Bosporus are among the longest highway suspension bridges in the world. Istanbul's airport is called Yesilk International Airport, and located 27 west of the city. The largest and culturally and historically most important part lies in Europe, while the richest part lies in Asia. 6. About 35% of Turkey's manufacturing plants are located to the area around Istanbul. The city is the chief seaport as well as the commercial and financial centre of Turkey. A large scale of industries are found here: automobile and truck assembly, shipbuilding and ship repairing; cement production, cigarettes; food products, fruit, olive oil, silk; glass, cotton, leather, pottery and more. Istanbul is also an important centre for banking and insurance. Another important source of income for the city is tourism. 7. Constantinople was for centuries one of the most important cities in the world. With the decline of Rome, Constantinople took over as the leading city. It allowed for a fusion of several cultures, in customs, art and architecture. The coin of Constantinople, solidus, was the dominating monetary standard of its time.{{B}} C Part Ⅲ{{/B}} 8. Istanbul has a wide range of sights of great historical and cultural interest. There are many churches preserved in the city, many have been converted into mosques. 9. The Hagia Sophia was originally a church, but was converted into a mosque in 1453, and in 1932 into a museum. It is now known as Aya Sophia, and lies near the Sea of Marmara in the Stamboul quarters. The church was erected in the 6th century by the architects Arthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus. The dome, 33 metre wide, was among the most ambitious building projects of pre-Medieval times. The dome was completed within a period of 5 years. It would take 10 centuries before any architects dared to challenge its size, but then without full success. 10. But it would take only 20 years after its completion before serious weaknesses with the construction became evident. An earthquake made central parts of the dome collapse, and a nephew of Isidore of Miletus, called Isidorus the Younger, made changes. Among the changes were to close several of the windows, resulting in the dim half-light that characterizes the building even today.{{B}} D Part IV{{/B}} 11. While the conversion of the church to a mosque in the 15th century was hard enough, it was Crusaders in 1203, who made themselves guilty of the worst case of desecration Hagia Sophia ever saw. They tore up the altar, all valuables were taken away and a prostitute was placed on the patriarch's chair, while the hymns and processions of the eastern church were ridiculed. 12. The palace, situated on the tip of old Constantinople, was the political centre of the Ottoman Empire for 4 centuries. Large parts of the palace were devoted to offices and state institutions as well as a palace school. Only about half was the residence of the sultan and his harem. The harem women counted as many as 809 during the reign of Sultan Abdaziz in the late 19th century. 13. The palace was built between 1459 and 1465, but was in the beginning not the residence of the sultan. He stayed in his palace where the Istanbul University now is located, together with his harem. Later on all this moved into the Topkapi, but in the middle of the 19th century, a new palace was constructed a few kilometres further up the Bosporus.·there is a palace situated on the tip of old Constantinople? 71. ______.·Constantinople was another important city in the world? 72. ______.·Istanbul is connected to Europe and the rest of Turkey with Highways and railroads, including the bridges crossing the Bosporus? 73. ______. 74. ______.·Aya Sophia experienced an earthquake which made central parts of the dome collapse? 75. ______.·Stamboul is the main focus of tourism with many sights from the city's long history? 76. ______.·Tourism generates an important source of income? 77. ______.·Istanbul is a city of two continents? 78. ______.·The Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque in 14537 79. ______. 80. ______.

填空题·is most likely to suffer damage to the petrol supply in the case of frontal collision?

填空题I was not more than thirteen years old at the time, (31) , but I remember the moment as if it (32) yesterday. I had just taken my place in class, (33) I noticed a small shining coin a few feet away from my desk. I am sure it was not the desire for gain which prompted me to stoop and pick it up, (34) the coin was a farthing and almost completely worthless. But its newness (35) me, and the fact (36) I could not spend a coin of such small value, made me want to keep it forever (37) the teacher was talking to us. I pretended to (38) a pencil and bent over. From that moment, the coin was mine. The farthing and I remained firm friends for years. Trousers wore (39) , but the coin survived. It lived to see short trousers become long ones; it accompanied me in my youth and early manhood. It joined the army with me during the war, and later came to the office every day when I became a (40) again. Every night when I emptied my pockets and placed their contents on my bedside table, the coin (41) its appearance. Sometimes, it would pIay hide and seek with me and make me dig deeply into my pockets. But sure enough, it was always there, trapped inside larger items, (42) a penknife (43) in the folds of my handkerchief. It certainly kept strange company. When I was a boy, it would attach itself (44) sticky sweets, or get caught in pieces of wire. When I grew up, it took its place proudly beside the sliver coins that jingled in my pocket. It had reason to be proud, for I am sure it knew (45) I would rather have lost every single coin I had than part with the precious little farthing. It did not shine any more, but at night time it would unfailingly arrive, last but smiling, and look up at me (46) my bedside table. One night, (47) , the coin was missing. I searched everywhere, but weeks passed and I didn't find it. This time, I realized sadly that it had gone for (48) and could only hope it had found (49) nicer pocket to live (50) .

填空题What'stheaverageincreaseperyearofforeignstudentpopulationintheperiodbetween1985and1990intermsofpercentage?

填空题To live, learn, and work successfully in an increasing (56) ______complex and information-rich society, students must beable to use technology effectively. Within an effectiveeducational setting, technology can enable students tobecome able information users and effective users of (57) ______productivity tools. Parents want their children to graduate with skills thatprepare them to either get a job in today's marketplaceand advance to higher levels of education and training. (58) ______ Employers want to hire employees who are honest,reliable, literary, and able to mason, communicate, make (59) ______decisions, and learn. Communities want schools to preparetheir children to become good citizens and productivemembers of society in an increasingly technological andinformation-basing world. National leaders, the U.S. Department (60) ______of Education. and other federal agencies admit the essential role (61) ______of technology in 21st century education. The challenge facing America's schools is the empowermentof all children to function effectively in their future, the future (62) ______marked increasingly with change, information growth,and evolving technologies. Technology is a powerful toolwith enormous potential for paving high-speed highwaysfrom outdated educational systems to systems capableof providing learning opportunities for all, to better servefor the needs of 21st century work, communications, learning, (63) ______and life. Technology had become a powerful catalyst in promoting (64) ______learning, communications, and life skills for economicsurvival in today's world. Educational leaders are encouragedto providing learning opportunities that produce technology-capable (65) _____students.