语法与词汇Because the droplets or ice crystals in clouds are exceedingly small， the effect of gravity on them is minute

语法与词汇A certain amount of unemployment lubricates labor markets，maintaining a ready supply of workers for expanding businesses

语法与词汇The biggest challenge for hikers in this part of the mountain range is that water is scarce

语法与词汇Nowadays we can see numerous foreign films and TV programs________in and many other imported products dominating our markets

语法与词汇The nonverbal________communicated in business interactions through facialexpressions and the movements of arms, legs and hands are very important

语法与词汇The World Health Organization has helped to set up a surveillance system to ________ and control outbreaks of infectious diseases in the poor country

语法与词汇Volunteering on political campaigns can help students become a more attractive candidate for jobs in government

语法与词汇Researchers hypothesize that sharks sometimes confuse humans for another type of animals they usually consume，different from seals or fish

语法与词汇And by the third year of training, most residents have had didactic teaching about psychodynamic psychotherapy, but many have not had experiential clinical exposure to it

语法与词汇Some people find extremely difficult to get up early in the morning and do not seem able to get going very well until afternoon

语法与词汇As a comets orbit brings it closer to the sun，first the comet grows，then two ________tails usually form

语法与词汇The traffic police stopped three trucks heavily loading with merchandise that looked as grain bags

语法与词汇If researchers can determine exactly what is wrong with people who suffer from this condition, they may be able to suggest treatments that could relieve the effects of the damage

语法与词汇When stopped at a roadside hot dog stand, an airplane flew over our heads with such a deafening roar that we almost choked on the sodas we were drinking

语法与词汇United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining________ of tooth decay

语法与词汇Poland is somewhat a new destination for Chinese tourists, and Warsaw, the capital city, is an important business center with________night life and elegant dining

填空题Robert Rosenthal Born in 1933, Robert Rosenthal dashed over the academic hurdles in record time. He received his B. A. at twenty years of age and his Ph.D. by the time he was twenty-three, both at the University of California at Los Angeles. He then spent brief periods at UCLA, Ohio State, and the University of North Dakota. His work 21 increasing notice throughout the professional world. The idea of the self-fulfilling 22 was not new to psychology. What was new, however, was Rosenthal"s 23 to demonstrate how often this phenomenon was 24 the work of the psychologists themselves. His 25 were almost immediately 26 . And, as if to create ore controversy among psychologists, since his early work had not 27 been replicated, the department of social relations at Harvard University 28 halfway across the country to North Dakota and offered Rosenthal a Harvard 29 , all by the time he was twenty-nine years old. 30 the move to the East and more time for research, Rosenthal sifted into 31 gear. He not only replicated his original findings but began to produce 32 on his important concept in a wide variety of areas. As 33 in the text, each time one of his studies is criticized, he has been able to 34 the critics not with rhetoric but rather with more research data to 35 his position. The controversy itself, of course, continues. The 36 outcome has been to produce more evidence, more sophisticated research 37 , and thus more comprehensive information for educational psychology. In 38 , he has now established the importance of nonverbal channels as the meaning of communicating expectations to others.

填空题Our Perception Most of us assume that our eyes send an accurate copy of the external world along nerve pathways to the brain, where it is projected on a kind of screen. Yet there is a good deal of evidence that our impressions are not simply mental photographs of what is going on "out there." Rather, our perceptions are filtered through the lens of our previous experiences, attitudes and beliefs. This is true of even the simplest kinds of perception. For example, when a car appears on the 1 your eyes send an image of a miniature automobile to your 2 , an image that grows larger as the car approaches. What you 3 , however, is a normal-sized car, because you know that cars do not 4 and contract. If the car is yours and you know it"s 5 , you will perceive it as blue whether it"s in bright sunlight, dark shadow, or under a yellow 6 . In much the same way, we adjust our social perceptions to 7 what we know—or think we know. An old 8 illustrates this. A man and his son are in an accident. The 9 is killed; the boy is rushed to the hospital for emergency 10 . The surgeon comes into the operating room, looks at the boy, and 11 , "I can"t operate. That"s my son." Who is the surgeon? The boy"s mother. Many people are 12 by this riddle because they expect a doctor (especially a surgeon) to be a 13 . All of us have this tendency to interpret communications in the 14 of our own ideas and beliefs. Sometimes, different people may 15 different messages in the same communication. Take the TV 16 All in the Family . Students viewers who had been identified 17 highly prejudiced saw the main character, a bigoted white man 18 Archie Bunker, as a likeable grouch who won most of his 19 with members of his family. Students who were low in prejudice thought 20 Archie lost these arguments and that the whole point of the show was to ridicule his prejudices. In short, our perceptions of the social world are anything but accurate copies of what is going on outside. We pick and choose, according to our expectations, and we fit what we see into a mental image of reality which we have already formed. In large part, what we "see" is determined by where we stand in the social system. Ask a fourth-grader, a teacher, a principal, a janitor, and a parent to describe the same school, and you will get five different pictures. Each has different information, and each looks at the same "facts" in a different way. Ask a man and wife to describe their marriage, and you might not know they were talking about the same family. "His" marriage and "her" marriage may be quite different. What is common sense to a man may be nonsense to a woman!

填空题World Water Shortage A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world"s people may not have enough water by the year 2025. A private American organization called 1 Action International did the new study. It says 2 than three-hundred-thirty-five-million people 3 enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight 4 . Most of the countries are in Africa or the 5 East. P-A-I researcher Robert Engelman says 6 the year 2025, about three-thousand-million people 7 lack water. At least 18 more countries are 8 to have severe water problems. The demand 9 water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth 10 the same. Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is 11 faster than in other parts of the world. He says 12 growth in these countries will continue to 13 . The report says lack of water in the future may 14 in several problems. It may increase health 15 . Lack of water often means drinking 16 not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems 17 over the world because of diseases, such as cholera, 18 are carried in water. Lack of water may also result 19 more international conflict. Countries may have to 20 for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan, and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.

填空题Bertrand Russell—The Analysis of Mind (Truth and Falsehood) On the features which distinguish knowledge from accuracy of response in general, not much can be said from a behaviourist point of view without referring to purpose. But the necessity of SOMETHING besides accuracy of response may be brought out by the {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}consideration: Suppose two persons, of whom one believed {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}the other disbelieved, and disbelieved whatever the other {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}. So far as accuracy and sensitiveness of response alone are concerned, {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}would be nothing to choose between these two persons. A thermometer {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}went down for warm weather and up for cold might be just as {{U}} {{U}} 21 {{/U}} {{/U}}as the usual kind; and a person who always believes falsely is just as {{U}} {{U}} 22 {{/U}} {{/U}}an instrument as a person who always believes truly. The {{U}} {{U}} 23 {{/U}} {{/U}}and practical difference between them would be that the one {{U}} {{U}} 24 {{/U}} {{/U}}always believed falsely would quickly come to a bad end. This {{U}} {{U}} 25 {{/U}} {{/U}}once more that accuracy of response to stimulus does not alone {{U}} {{U}} 26 {{/U}} {{/U}}knowledge, but must be reinforced by appropriateness, i. e. suitability for {{U}} {{U}} 27 {{/U}} {{/U}}one's purpose. This applies even in the apparently simple {{U}} {{U}} 28 {{/U}} {{/U}}of answering questions: if the purpose of the answers is to deceive, their {{U}} {{U}} 29 {{/U}} {{/U}}, not their truth, will be evidence of knowledge. The proportion of the {{U}} {{U}} 30 {{/U}} {{/U}}of appropriateness with accuracy in the definition of knowledge is difficult; it seems that both enter in, but that appropriateness is only required as regards the general type of response, not as regards each individual instance.