问答题Remarks on Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves at the Clinton Global Initiative Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton September 21, 2010 Sheraton Towers New York, New York

问答题Ladies and Gentlemen, I am very honoured to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience of university presidents, vice-chancellors and accomplished scholars from around the world. I must congratulate theAssociation of University Presidents of China on its achievements since its establishment in 1997. [TONE]∥[TONE] It is the first association of its kind, and it will be a strong force for enhancing academic cooperationbetween Hong Kong and the mainland and between China and the world. I also applaud the Associationfor organising this meaningful event which draws together so many top brains from around the world. Thesynergy it generates will point the way for the development of the global tertiary education sector into thenext century. [TONE]∥[TONE] Today, whilst innovation and technology are the driving force of the world and fuel its engine, it is thepeople that make the engines work. We wish to see in our younger generation an all-round developmentcovering ethics, intellect, physique, social skills and aesthetics. We wish to see in our younger generations theability to assimilate modern technology and ideas. [TONE]∥[TONE] We wish to see in our younger generation creativity, critical thinking and a global outlook. We wishto see in our younger generation a strength of character, a spirit of enterprise, the desire for continuousimprovement and the versatility to cope with the changing needs of our community. And we wish to see inour younger generation a sense of responsibility towards one's own family, one's own community, one's owncountry and indeed the world. [TONE]∥[TONE] In Hong Kong we strongly believe education enables us to cultivate these noble qualities in our nextgeneration. Education also creates and expands the pool of talents to maintain Hong Kong's economicdevelopment and international competitiveness. That is why education is always one of our top priorities and continues to be the single biggest item of the Government's budget, accounting for 19% of our total public recurrent expenditure. Despite the economic downturn, public expenditure on education will have about 8%growth in real terms in this fiscal year. [TONE]∥[TONE] Our best universities are among the top ten in the region, and our best students are among the best in theworld. However, the success ofHong Kong lies in our flexibility to respond to changes and our determinationfor improvement. We have to inject new life into the whole education sector. To achieve this, we areundergoing major reforms in our education system, our examination system, our education regulators, ourschools, our teachers and, above all, our attitude towards education. [TONE]∥[TONE] Education is a continuum. The inputs into the tertiary sector are the outputs from the school sector. Wehope that several years down the road, the tertiary sector is able to reap the benefits from our reforms in thebasic education sector which we are now embarking on. But universities cannot simply wait. They have toensure that their current outputs, that is, their graduates and their research work, meet the aspirations of thecommunity. [TONE]∥[TONE]

问答题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} It is a great honor for me to speak at one of China's great academic institutions—one that is helping to revive and maintain your country's historic tradition of leading the world in science and technology, and one whose alumni are to be found in positions of leadership throughout the country. Here, as in so many other places in China, no visitor can help feeling the excitement of a great country developing at breakneck speed, and every day opening up new vistas of knowledge and opportunity to its citizens. You can be really proud of your country and what it has achieved in the last 25 years. // As I look out over the young faces in this audience I cannot help envying the international students—more than a thousand, I am told, from over 50 countries—who have the privilege of sharing your learning experience here. It reminds me for a moment of my own student days, when my country, Ghana, was newly independent. We felt we were suddenly reaching out to the world, and making new discoveries every day. But then I also remember that times of rapid change can bring pain and confusion, even destruction, as well as progress and excitement. // The more rapid and exciting it is, the more change calls for careful management, and wise, humane leadership. Order and stability have to be preserved, but without choking off the freedom to enquire, and experiment, and express oneself, since—as you young researchers know better than anyone—knowledge and science have a vital role in national development. And technical expertise needs to be harnessed to the development and security of society as a whole, so that it not only creates greater wealth for the few, but enables all citizens to feel safer and more prosperous. // The development of such a great country as China cannot happen in isolation. It affects the whole world, and it draws you into new relationships with other parts of the world. Increasingly, your economy depends on exchanges with other countries—both imports and exports, of both goods and capital. Foreign investment plays an essential role in your growth, while your holdings of foreign currencies—and your management of your own currency—are coming to play a vital part in the international monetary system. This means that you have a stake in the development and prosperity of the wider world. And your security, too, depends on international peace and stability. // Your Government shows that it understands this, by the role that it plays in the United Nations, and elsewhere. And, increasingly, Chinese citizens are called on to take risks, and make sacrifices, in the interests of global security. It was impressive to see, in our newspapers the other day, pictures of Chinese policemen in blue helmets preparing to join the United Nations mission in Haiti—an island buffeted by both human and meteorological storms, which is literally on the far side of the world from here. So I am here, in part, to express the world's gratitude. Clearly, you in China have understood, as your saying goes, that we all "share the same breath". Human misery knows no frontiers, and nor should human solidarity. //

问答题{{B}} Passage 4 {{/B}} The birth of a child is a time of hope. Its new life is a symbol of potential for growth. Its death is a denial of progress. When I was born in 1945, the child mortality rate in Korea was 152 per 1000 live births. That's roughly the equivalent today of the death rates in Benin, or Mozambique, Swaziland, Cameroon, or Ethiopia. // Tremendous progress is possible. The mortality rate in my country has now dropped to just 5 children per 1,000. That's one of the lowest rates in the world, lower than the rates in New Zealand, the United States, or the United Kingdom. // Our goals—part of the Millennium Development Goals—are to cut child deaths by two thirds by 2015 from 1990 rates, and maternal deaths by three quarters. Every minute 20 children under the age of five die. More than 70% of all child deaths are caused by preventable and treatable conditions, like malaria, measles, HIV or diarrhea. The greatest risk is in their first four weeks of life when babies die from conditions like low birth-weight, birth trauma, asphyxia, and severe infections like pneumonia, meningitis or tetanus. // This is Elizabeth. She lives in Ethiopia. Malaria is endemic, yet only 17% of children under five in this country sleep under mosquito nets. Elizabeth's family can only afford one net, which she and her mother sleep under. Many of the local children have died from the disease. // Nine-month-old Lang lives in the Lao Democratic People's Republic. Like 82% of children in her country, she sleeps under a bednet. The family has two nets, but the insecticide treatment wore them off a long time ago, and they are full of holes. Many people in their district fall ill from malaria, including Lang's father, who is unable to work at times. // Simpler and effective protection measures, like treated bednets, make the difference. But only if every family uses one. Elizabeth and Lang's mothers try to make their home as protected as possible for their children. It's natural to see home as a safe place. Sadly it's not. // Just last month WHO launched a report on domestic violence. One of the more shocking facts revealed by that report was the extent of violence against women during pregnancy. One quarter to one half of the women who reported this abuse, said that they had been deliberately kicked or punched in the abdomen. Unsurprisingly, women in violent relationships are significantly more likely to suffer miscarriages, or to undergo abortion. // The study also found that, in some settings, a significant proportion of women thought it was acceptable for a man to beat his wife under certain circumstances. Women in these violent households have more health problems than others, yet often feel unable to talk to anyone about their situation or seek help. This violence is also associated with low birth weight, and with higher infant and under-five mortality. // Every minute a woman is dying from complications in pregnancy and childbirth. Almost all of these deaths—99%—are taking place in low and middle income countries. Mothers and children from the poorest families in Sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia are the most likely to die. Malnutrition contributes strongly to these deaths, increasing the risk of dying from other causes. Lack of access to food is one reason for malnourishment, but poor feeding practices and infection also contribute. // ("Make Every Mother and Child Count—Tracking Progress in Child Survival" by LEE Jong-wook, former Director-general of WHO in London, United Kingdom, 13 December 2005)

问答题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} 我国金融改革的不断深化将为外资银行与中资银行的合作带来新的机遇。银监会鼓励外资银行通过参股中资银行，在业务、客户和市场方面获得突破；同时，在公司治理、内控、风险管理和经营理念方面带来先进的经验和做法，使中、外资银行在合作中共同获得发展。 作为深化金融改革的一个重要方面，我们欢迎合格的境外战略投资者按照自愿和商业原则，参与我国银行业余融机构的重组和改造。经国务院同意，银监会决定将单个外资机构入股的比例由原来规定的15%提高到20%；合计外资投资所占比例如低于 25%，被入股机构的性质和业务范围不发生改变。 截至目前，经国务院同意，我过已有5家股份制商业银行和城市商业银行获准吸收境外投资者入股，其中单个外资机构入股中资银行的最高比例为15%。吸收外资入股，在改善中资金融机构的资本结构，引进先进管理模式和经营理念，促进经营方式与国际接轨等方面发挥了明显和积极的作用。在这里举两个例子。 上海银行：上海银行吸收了国际金融公司、汇丰银行、香港上海商业银行投资入股，三个外方股东总共持股18%。外方股东通过提供各种技术援助和派驻董事发挥作用，使上海银行在完善治理结构、引进先进的经营管理理念和技术、加强内控等方面取得了很大进步，在城市商业银行中较早采用了规范的申报制度，披露经营管理状况。 南京市商业银行：吸收国际金融公司入股，持股比例为15%，是第三大股东。IFC入股后，在完善南京市商业银行的治理结构、经营管理体制、信贷结构、会计制度等方面提出了大量建议，其中很多建议已在实施之中，对促进南京市商业银行提高经营管理水平发挥了重要作用。

问答题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} It is a pleasure to be here today to commemorate the first Earth Day with you by looking through this "Window on the American Environment." While I have not yet viewed the television series, from the accompanying book I can see that it is a very ambitious effort. The producers have interviewed a large number of environmental leaders in the United States, from early founders back in the 1970s through those involved in the contemporary movement.// I am sure you will hear many different opinions, because the diversity of the American environmental movement is part of its strength. The ability of individuals and non-governmental organizations to express their opinions and make their voices heard in the press and in the electoral process is the root of the movement and why it flourishes today. I vividly remember going outdoors with my elementary school class on Earth Day 1970 to examine our environment by looking at what grew in the pond behind our school. The motto of that first Earth Day was "think globally, act locally," and our young teacher wanted us to better understand what was right around us.// Nowadays teachers have access to all sorts of wonderful educational materials to help students study the environment and learn about concepts like biodiversity, climate change and protection of the ozone layer that were still foreign to us in 1970. But we knew then about toxic chemicals, deforestation, water pollution -- the subject of our pond study -- and land use issues, and we were learning to understand how much of an impact these could make on our futures.// Earth Day 1970 was a novel idea proposed by individuals -- not a government—that grew on its own, so that in that very first year, over 20 million Americans participated. We said, "think globally," but Americans were not yet thinking as much beyond their borders as we do today. Equally it would have been unimaginable in 1970 that China would air a 22-part television series on the United States. It would be another two years before the images of President Nixon's famous trip to China would be broadcast on our television screens in the United States and we started to have the opportunity to learn about each other.// Today the United States and China have a great deal to celebrate together for Earth Day. We are working together in areas from water conservation to the protection of endangered species to the development of new, cleaner sources of energy. We have an active program to work with Beijing to support its goal of a Green Olympics in 2008. Together we are researching climate change and exploring the possibilities for using hydrogen and fusion as energy sources. The United States government, through agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Parks Service and dozens more has an active program of cooperation with its Chinese counterparts.//

问答题女士们，先生们，晚上好。很荣幸应邀到普林斯顿大学参加你们的研讨会，对我本人，我的同学及许多中国人来说，普林斯顿大学的名字早已是耳熟能详。它的历史比这个国家还长。从这个校园里走出来的美国第二十八任总统伍德隆威尔逊、伟大科学家爱因斯坦、著名诗人T.S.艾略特等众多杰出人物。正如前总统克林顿在1996年普大建校250周年时所说，在美国历史上的每一个紧要关头，普林斯顿大学及其师生都发挥了关键作用。令人高兴的是，在座诸位对中国事务都有研究兴趣。虽然我们两国地理上相距万里，但在日常生活中却非常相近。好莱坞影片中的麦当劳快餐成了许多人生活中的内容，而中国加工的服装，日用品也天天伴随着美国人民。我希望通过今天的交流，能增进诸位对中国及中国外交政策的了解，为未来彼此的友谊与合作锦上添花。

问答题Thank you all. Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you. And it is, as always, such a personal pleasure for me to join this remarkable gathering. And I look out at this audience and there are just too many people here who deserve recognition to name all of you, so let me just express my deep appreciation to all the representatives of foreign governments as well as the leaders and advocates who are here with us and who will be sharing the stage. And of course, I do want to thank someone very special, namely my husband, for organizing this event – (applause) – and instilling it with his very special spirit of activism, innovation, and commitment that is contagious.

问答题Meet Challenges Together As Equal Partners and Write a New Chapter in Asia-Europe Cooperation Remarks by H.E. Yang Jiechi Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China at the Ninth ASEM Foreign Ministers' Meeting Hanoi, Viet Nam 25 May 2009 Mr. Chairman, It gives me great pleasure to come to Hanoi for this ASEM Foreign Ministers' Meeting at a time when the city is about to celebrate its millennium anniversary. I wish to thank our Vietnamese host for the warm hospitality and thoughtful arrangements. I am confident that with the concerted efforts of all the participants, this meeting will be a productive one. Mr. Chairman, Last October, leaders of the 45 ASEM partners gathered in Beijing for the Seventh Asia-Europe Meeting amidst the spreading and worsening international financial crisis. With the aim of seeking win-win solution through vision and action, the leaders had in-depth discussions and reached broad consensus on working together to tackle global challenges such as the financial crisis, climate change, food security and disaster relief. The meeting issued three outcome documents, namely, the Statement on the International Financial Situation, the Beijing Declaration on Sustainable Development and the Chair's Statement, and approved 17 new initiatives. It was a fruitful meeting and fully demonstrated to the whole world our confidence, unity and commitment to cooperation. With deepening globalization, the destinies of Asia and Europe have been tied together. To resolve the common difficulties facing Asia and Europe, we must work together, deepen mutual trust, intensify cooperation and build a new and closer Asia-Europe partnership. To build such a partnership, we should foster mutual understanding through dialogue on an equal footing. We should be committed to the spirit of treating each other as equals, respecting each other, and expanding common ground while shelving differences. We should understand each other's social system and cultural background, respect each other's sovereignty and the right to independently choose social systems and development paths, and enhance mutual trust and friendship through dialogue on an equal footing, thus jointly creating a favorable political atmosphere for Asia-Europe cooperation. To build such a partnership, we should promote development through intensified cooperation. All parties should take economic cooperation as an important driving force for the new Asia-Europe partnership. We should bring into full play our respective strengths, intensify all-round exchanges and practical cooperation in economy, trade, finance, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), energy, transportation and other areas, thus bringing about the early recovery and further development of our respective economies and the world economy as a whole. To build such a partnership, we should advocate mutual tolerance through expanded exchanges. We should fully respect the diversity of Asian and European countries in terms of culture, religion and civilization. We should be open and inclusive, and oppose narrow-mindedness and prejudice. We should advocate tolerance and understanding, and abandon discrimination and exclusion. We should stand for dialogue and peace, and reject confrontation and conflict. We should learn from each other and work together for a harmonious world. To ensure the vitality of this now partnership, we should strengthen its institution building. Asia-Europe cooperation should maintain an open and evolutionary process, and we should bring into ASEM countries that are able and willing to contribute to the ASEM process at an appropriate time. We should further promote institution building of ASEM to provide stronger support and guarantee for Asia-Europe cooperation. Mr. Chairman, The international financial crisis is yet to reach its bottom, and the recovery of the global economy has been slow. This has presented difficulties for Asian and European countries. The recent outbreak of H1N1 flu has put people's health under threat. The drastic fluctuations in energy and food prices are affecting production and people's livelihood. At the same time, international and regional hotspot issues and other traditional security threats have become intertwined with non-traditional security threats, endangering stability and development of the relevant regions. To meet these challenges and implement the outcomes of the Seventh Asia-Europe Meeting more effectively, we should adhere to the basic principles guiding ASEM cooperation and take effective steps in the following areas: First, strengthen confidence and work together to overcome the international financial crisis. We should strive for economic recovery and growth by maintaining coordination of our macroeconomic policies and pursuing cooperation in trade, investment and other sectors of the real economy. We should stabilize markets, increase job opportunities, and improve people's well-being and mitigate the impact of the crisis on the real economy. We should work for a fair, just, inclusive and well-managed international financial order, draw up a roadmap for reforming international financial institutions within the agreed timeframe, maintain relative stability of exchange rates between major reserve currencies and establish a more diversified and rational international monetary system. We should firmly oppose all forms of protectionism, including raising the threshold for market access under various excuses and those beggar-thy-neighbor protectionist practices. We should fulfill the commitment made at the G-20 London Summit in real earnest and provide assistance and concessional financing to low-income and poor countries. Developed countries should accept their due responsibilities and obligations, take concrete actions to maintain and increase assistance to developing countries and help them maintain financial stability and promote economic growth. This will enable developing countries to meet the UN Millennium Development Goals on time. Second, think for the future and step up cooperation in tackling climate change. This year is a crucial year in climate change negotiations. We should step up negotiations with a view to achieving positive outcomes on comprehensively and effectively implementing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol at the Copenhagen Conference scheduled for the end of the year. In conducting the negotiations, we should stay within the framework of the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol, faithfully adhere to the mandate of the Bali Roadmap, and remain committed to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" between developed and developing countries. We should tackle climate change in the context of sustainable development, and place equal emphasis on mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer and financial support. Developed countries should continue to take the lead in reducing emissions in the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, and deliver on their commitment to supporting developing countries in financing, technology and capacity building. Developing countries should implement sustainable development strategies, and make due contribution to the global endeavor to fight climate change. Third, increase input to ensure world energy and food security. Energy and food security not only bears on national economy and people's livelihood, but also affects world stability and development. We should foster and follow a new energy security concept that calls for win-win cooperation, diverse forms of development and common security through coordinated supply. We should strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation, particularly in the development and use of clean energy. We should increase grain output and inventory, improve the trading environment, enhance coordination at the macro level, curb speculation and stabilize grain prices so as to achieve common development. We should take a multi-pronged approach in such areas as finance, trade, assistance, the environment, intellectual property rights and technology transfer, and jointly uphold world food security. Fourth, make all-out effort to counter the threat of H1N1 flu and other infectious diseases. Effective prevention and control of the H1N1 flu are crucial to people's health and economic and social stability around the world. The international community should take swift actions under the framework of International Health Regulations to enhance multilateral and bilateral communication and coordination, and build effective and comprehensive prevention and control mechanisms. We should conduct more research on the flu virus, engage in closer cooperation in studying the viral mechanism and developing rapid testing techniques, vaccines and drugs, and step up contingency stockpile and material preparations. We should broaden information sharing, closely monitor the spread of the disease as well as progress in prevention and control, share technologies and experience, and do all we can to ensure global public health security. We should also ensure the normal flow of trade and people where conditions permit, so as to minimize the impact of the flu on global trade and economic activities. Fifth, promote peaceful and negotiated settlement of hotspot issues and regional disputes. We should pursue security through dialogue and seek stability through cooperation on the basis of mutual respect and trust. We should resolve regional conflicts and hotspot issues in a just and equitable way, and oppose the threat of sanctions or force. On issues that belong essentially to a country's internal affairs, the international community should fully respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country concerned, provide active and constructive help, and avoid willfully applying pressure or sanctions. Mr. Chairman, As a responsible member of the international community, China is committed to the path of peaceful development. We endeavor to promote global prosperity through our own development and play a constructive role in resolving major global issues. In the face of the international financial crisis, the biggest challenge of the day, the Chinese Government swiftly adopted a proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy, formulated a stimulus package to boost domestic demand and stabilize external demand, and put in place an investment plan totaling RMB4 trillion. Despite the pressure brought by the crisis, China has kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable. China has played an active part in the international effort to counter the crisis. We have provided US$1.5 billion of financing support to the International Finance Corporation and decided to purchase the bonds of International Monetary Fund in support of its resources increase. We have signed bilateral currency swap agreements worth RMB650 billion with relevant countries and regions, established a US$10 billion China-ASEAN Fund on Investment Cooperation, and actively participated in the building of a regional reserve pool under the Chiang Mai Initiative. And we have sent large procurement missions abroad to help boost global demand. China will continue to strengthen macroeconomic policy coordination with other countries, promote reform of the international financial system, actively uphold the stability of the multilateral trading regime and work for the early recovery of the world economy. Mr. Chairman, Over the past 13 years, countries in Asia and Europe have drawn on their economic complementarities, attached importance to each other politically and learned from each other in the cultural sphere. Together, we have promoted multilaterism and advanced Asia-Europe cooperation. China is ready to work with all parties to build the new Asia-Europe partnership in an all-round way, and jointly write a new chapter in Asia-Europe cooperation.

问答题{{B}}Passage 1 {{/B}} Representatives of the governments of 47 countries，22 international organizations，54 private sector entities and 116 non-governmental organizations (NGO) of the Asia-Pacific region gathered at the Asia-Pacific Regional Conference, held in Tokyo from 13 to 15 January 2003, to develop a shared vision and common strategies for the "Information Society". // The objective of the conference was to discuss how best to work together to contribute to the region's effective transition to an Information Society that will accelerate and enhance regional economic, social, cultural and technological development. // The conference emphasized that a primary aim of the Information Society must be to facilitate full utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at all levels in society and hence enable the sharing of social and economic benefits by all, by means of ubiquitous access to information networks, while preserving diversity and cultural heritage. // The Conference endorsed the important role that ICTs can play in achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, which describe a fundamental set of principles and guidelines for combating poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and gender inequality. // In order to promote the development and advancement of the Information Society, it is necessary to address many issues, within and across sectors, while ensuring that the essential platform of ICT infrastructure and services, standards and innovation is established. // The private sector plays an important role in the development and diffusion of ICTs, while civil society, including NGOs, works closely with communities in strengthening ICT-related initiatives. Increased cooperation and partnerships are needed between governmental and intergovernmental organizations, the private sector and civil society, for effective design and implementation of various initiatives, by giving priority to locally-available human resources. // All stakeholders are urged to mobilize resources for the development of the Information Society, including through increasing investment in telecommunication infrastructure, human capacity building, policy frameworks and the development of culturally sensitive local content and applications. International and regional organizations, including financial and development institutions, have an important role to play in integrating the use of ICTs in the development process and making available the necessary resources for this purpose. // To make significant progress, all countries of the region will need to mainstream ICTs, with special reference to gender, within their national and regional development strategies, and across all sectors. // In this context, the following initiatives can support social and economic development, including the emergence of e-communities, while at the same time ensuring that traditional models are recognized and respected, so that the non-users of ICTs are not marginalized. // ICT networks can offer better public services to citizens by more efficient and effective dissemination of information and delivery of essential government services. E-government can also generate a greater sense of community participation, and improve informed decision-making and development program implementation. // Through the application of ICT, businesses in all sectors can achieve increased productivity and profitability, reach wider markets, lower their transaction costs and control inventories more effectively. On the consumer side, ICTs can bring to consumers greater satisfaction through their interaction with many potential suppliers, beyond the constraints of location. // Access to education and knowledge is essential for economic, social and cultural development, and as a means of personal empowerment, community development and business efficiency. ICT networks have the potential to offer unprecedented educational opportunities to all groups in all areas of the Asia-Pacific region. Implementation of affordable and universal educational programs, content, broadband networks and hardware should be promoted. // Access to healthcare information and services is a basic right. Many countries lack adequate healthcare facilities and personnel, particularly in rural and remote areas. The use of ICTs promotes social inclusion of all members of society by enabling equitable access to healthcare services, as well as empowering citizens to better manage their own health and to participate more effectively in the healthcare process. // Community information and communication centers are critical to ensure inclusive access to information and social services, particularly in rural areas. // Comprehensive ICT strategies that have been endorsed at the highest political levels and that include clear goals need to be formulated at community, national, regional and global levels in order to create the Information Society. These strategies will be encouraged to be designed and implemented through collaboration and participation of all stakeholders. In this regard, awareness of the vast potential of the positive use of ICTs should be promoted among all concerned. // (Excerpt from "The Tokyo Declaration—the Asia-Pacific perspective to the WSIS")

问答题{{B}} 第一篇 {{/B}} 奥运会主中心区将设在奥林匹克公园内。北京奥林匹克公园位于北京城市中轴线的北端，占地1215公顷，其中有760公顷的森林公园，与北京市著名的中关村大学区、历史风景名胜区和大型住宅区相邻。奥运村、记者村、主新闻中心、国际广播电视中心及14座比赛场馆，中国体育博物馆、中国国际展览中心、国家奥林匹克体育中心位于公园内。// 奥运村将被建成体现城市可持续发展的优美的生态区，成为北京、中国和世界的样板。“绿色奥运”的理念在此将得到充分体现。村内运动员住宅将不超过六层，每两人一间，配有先进的设备。//村内将使用节能装置和环保材料，并广泛运用先进的网络技术。体现热情友好精神的娱乐场所，将使每一位村民感受家庭的温暖。这里提供的安全、舒适、方便的住宿条件将有助于运动员取得最好成绩。// 除部分比赛项目在城市中心举行外，其他项目的比赛集中在大学区、北部风景旅游区和西部社区。这些场馆和训练场馆的分布将方便运动员的使用，同时有利于赛后利用。赛后这些场馆将成为市民享受高品味文化氛围，进行运动、健身、休闲和文化活动的场所。// 奥运会将建设22个比赛场馆(3个在京外)，将为中国人民留下宝贵的财富。奥运会计划使用37个比赛场馆、59个训练场馆。除帆船比赛在青岛举行，足球预赛在天津、上海、沈阳和秦皇岛举行外，其他比赛均在北京举行。// 北京2008年奥运会依照国际奥委会建议在8月举行。此时正值北京夏季，是旅游的旺季和学生的假期，并处于世界范围的传统体育比赛日期之间。这将有利于在众多的大学生和其他人群中招募志愿者为奥运会服务，有利于让更多的国内外人士目睹奥运会的风采，也有利于传播。//

问答题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} I would like to comment on the relationship between the growth of the world economy and the role of macroeconomic policies. Let me begin with a review of the world economy. The world economy has performed much better than many feared a year ago. Current projections are that global growth will reach 4.5% this year, the highest rate of the last five years. Once again the major impetus has come from the United States. But the extremely rapid industrialization of China has also stimulated global growth. Why has it turned out better than expected? Two broad explanations might be ventured. The first explanation is simply the globalization of market forces. An increasing proportion of economic activity is being governed by the market. In the space of only 15 years, some large command economies have undergone economic reform and become market economies. All this has unleashed a dynamic for growth that remains very strong, especially in China, India and Russia. However, the second explanation is not so reassuring. We realize that growth over the past few years has been brought about in no small measure by, very expansionary macroeconomic policies. These have included massive fiscal stimulus in the United States, policy interest rates in the major countries held at or near postwar lows for some time, and an unprecedented amount of foreign exchange intervention by monetary authorities in Asia. Unlike structural reforms, the effects of such policy stimulus are only temporary, and the current stance of policies cannot continue indefinitely. I think we need to take some effective measures to ensure the stable growth of the world economy. Evidence accumulates that macroeconomic policies will need to be tightened. Without putting what has been achieved at risk, of course. Fiscal policy, monetary policy and exchange rate policy ail need to be considered in this light. Let me start with the industrial world. The US government budget, which was in surplus to the equivalent of 1% of GDP in 2000, is likely to register a deficit 9f 5% of GDP this year, a deterioration of the US fiscal position without precedent since the Second World War. Japan's general government deficit remains at around 8% of GDP. Deficits in some large economies in the euro area are also disturbing. Therefore, early action to curb such deficits is all the more important. Although comparatively high unemployment is limiting nominal wage increases and spare capacity in manufacturing worldwide reinforces the competitive pressure on prices, there are signs that inflation is edging higher. Japan is slowly emerging from deflation. The pace of consumer price inflation in China has increased sharply in recent months, and there is evidence that prices are beginning to rise faster in some other Asian economies. I think positively of recent macroeconomic policies that allow exchange rate to appreciate. The eventual movement in exchange rates could be more abrupt than if a greater degree of flexibility had not been allowed earlier. The expansion in domestic liquidity associated with the foreign exchange intervention policy could ultimately lead to inflation. Markets could become too dependent on the continued intervention, and could then be seriously destabilized by even a hint of a change in policy. My last word of advice is this: The stance of macroeconomic policies cannot remain as expansionary if stability is to be maintained in the medium term. We should avoid the two extremes of either putting the entire burden on exchange rates or not allowing exchange rates to move at all.

问答题For years，policy makers and economists have all used GDP to measure the growth of country. But this excessive focus on GDP can distort development incentives and lead to unintended consequences. Clearly， for a country to prosper， sufficient economic activity must be generated in order to employ greater numbers of people and to improve the overall standard of living. However， GDP was developed as a measure decades ago， and it has many shortcomings that can make it a poor measure of quality of life. Instead， economists and policy makers should focus on other indicators and develop new models for measuring a country's development progress. And this is fully possible with today's technology. GDP records all the financial transactions for products and services within a country. The first problem with this measure is that with many companies operating in multiple countries， the profits that is created do not necessarily stay within a country's borders. In fact， a majority of the profits of multinational firms flows back to the country of origin. For instance， Nike may hire Chinese workers to produce its shoes， have stores in China to sell its products， and only Chinese customers buy from those stores. 90 percent of the economic activity happens in China and gets recorded in China's GDP. However， the majority of the profits of Nike goes back to the owners in the United States even if none of the economic activity happens in the United States. The national wealth measure is therefore， distorted because it would seem that China is getting richer and the United States is getting poorer. Obviously， this is not the case. Secondly， GDP does not show distribution of income. A company that creates a lot of income from production does not show how that income is being distributed. The majority of profits actually go to very few individuals and that the income inequality is wide in China. Another problem with GDP as a measure for economic progress is that it only captures financial transactions. When a mother takes his kid to watch a movie， that activity is captured in GDP. But when she takes the same kid to play soccer in a park， that activity is not captured in GDP. However， going to the park to play socce rcould create a better quality of life than going to the movies. if the focus becomes overwhelmingly on GDP growth， policy makers would have more incentives to create more movie theaters than public parks. As the result， the quality of life could drop. The worst part about focusing on GDP is that it can actually create the conditions for a worse quality of life. The pollution that causes cancers， food poisoning， or birth defects actually adds to GDP growth because whenever people seek medical help and incur medical bills to pay for all these ailments， GDP grows. On the other hand， GDP doesn't grow if people remain healthy and don't seek medical help. Obviously， it is much better to have a healthier， cleaner society， but that will not create higher GDP growth. In summary， GDP can be used as a guide， but it should be considered alongside other factors and indicators that are important to developing a sustainable society. Other measurements that should be adopted include the happiness index which measures satisfaction with life， air quality index， pollution index， and life expectancy. GDP has been relied upon because it is fast and easy to gather that gross data and make simple comparisons across countries. But because of its many shortcomings， policy makers would achieve their development goals faster if they also used other ways to measure their progress.

问答题The ongoing economic globalization and rapid advances of science and technology have generated unprecedented technological conditions for global economic and social development in the new century. In particular, the development of information and communications technologies has been making tremendous impact on our economic, social and cultural life. On the one hand, informationization presents valuable "digital opportunities" for economic growth and social progress. On the other hand, it presents various challenges to us. Many countries are taking active measures to push the development of information technologies and the information industry in an effort to accelerate national informatization processes. However, the development of information industry worldwide is seriously unbalanced. The gap between the rich and the poor in enjoying the benefits of and utilizing information resources and information technologies is widening instead of narrowing, putting the developing countries in a more disadvantageous position. This will inevitably further aggravate the social and economic disparity between the North and the South. Narrowing and ultimately eliminating the "digital divide" is a major issue to be addressed in the process of building the information society. Otherwise, we could not be able to attain the goal of sustainable, sound and coordinated development of the global information society. Weak information infrastructure has become a major reason for the gap between developing and developed countries and has seriously impaired the developing countries' ability to build information society. Therefore, we shall put emphasis on exploring the strategic goals for developing countries to accelerate their information infrastructure build-out. These strategic goals may include: government macroeconomic control and market regulation policies, information regulation system in line with national conditions, sound relationship between technological development and market growth, avoiding market risks, innovative financing mechanisms for more financing channels, etc. In the future information society, knowledge and skills will be a major driver for economic growth and one of the major contributors to the sustainable development of the information industry. One of the main reasons for the gap between developing and developed countries in information technologies is the lack of knowledge and human resources, which is a key issue to be considered in bridging the "digital divide". So we shall consider establishing innovative mechanisms for human resources development and explore ways to improve human resources development on the basis of the existing training centers and training resources as well as the Internet so as to enhance the awareness of information technology. Moreover, bridging the "digital divide" requires joint efforts of all countries around the world. Developed countries in particular shall truly shoulder their responsibilities in helping the developing countries accelerate their informatization processes and narrowing the "digital divide". Concrete actions shall be taken, on the basis of the principles of mutually beneficial cooperation, to offer active assistance to developing countries in the form of financial support, technology transfer and human resources training, etc.

问答题Passage 2 My wife Nane and I are both extremely happy to be with you today. I feel truly proud to belong to this extraordinary class of 2004, and I am pleased to see that so many parents and family members were here today. The day belongs to them, too. Without their constant support, understanding and sacrifice, none of us could have achieved what we have. For me, to receive a degree from Harvard is a very great honor indeed. There are few countries in the world whose leaders in public life, business, science and the humanities have not had some association with Harvard -- and no country that has not benefited from Harvard's outstanding contributions to human knowledge.// You have invited me, I know, not as an individual, but as Secretary-General of the United Nations. You are saying that the United Nations matters, and that you want to hear what we have to say. Are you right in believing that the UN matters? I think you are, because the UN offers the best hope of a stable world and a broadly equitable world order, based on generally accepted roles. That statement has been much questioned in the past year. But recent events have reaffirmed, and even strengthened, its validity. A role-based system is in the interest of all countries --especially today. Globalization has shrunk the world. The very openness, which is such an important feature of today's most successful societies, makes deadly weapons relatively easy to obtain, and terrorists relatively difficult to restrain. // Today, the strong feel almost as vulnerable to the weak as the weak feel vulnerable to the strong. So it is in the interest of every country to have international rules and to abide by them. And such a system can only work if, in devising and applying the rules, the legitimate interests of all countries are accommodated, and decisions are reached collectively. That is the essence of multilateralism, and the founding principle of the United Nations. All great American leaders have understood this. That is one of the things that make this country such a unique world power. America feels the need to frame its policies, and exercise its leadership, not just in the light of its own particular interests, but also with an eye to international interests, and universal principles.// Among the finest examples of this was the plan for reconstructing Europe after World War Ⅱ, which General Marshall announced here at Harvard in 1947. That was one part of a larger-scale and truly statesmanlike effort, in which Americans joined with others to build a new international system -- a system which worked, by and large, and which survives, in its essentials, nearly 60 years later. During those 60 years, the United States and its partners developed the United Nations, built an open world economy, promoted human rights and decolonization, and supported the transformation of Europe into a democratic, cooperative community of states, such that war between them has become unthinkable.//

问答题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} Seventeen years after the fall of the Berlin wall, a reunified Germany will throw open its doors to the world. Germany 2006 will be a place where people from all around the word will be welcomed by friends. The tournament is being held on the finest stage in the world, one whose symbolism far transcends the boundaries of sport. Hark back to Germany's triumph at the 1954 FIFA World Cup in Switzerland, which sealed the country's return to the international fold in the most beautiful manner possible. // In 2006, Germans will have the opportunity to rectify certain clichés and preconceived ideas. The world will have the chance to see what a fantastic country Germany truly is: the beauty and diversity of its landscapes, its rich cultural heritage and the intelligence and good humor of its people. As for the legendary German work ethic and organizational skills, I am pleased to say those perennial qualities are alive and well—and we at FIFA are only too happy to take advantage of them. // For at all levels, the overall investment in any World Cup tournament is immense. The event is financially supported by the German state, but also by the "lender" and the Host Cities. I would like to take this opportunity to offer my heartfelt thanks to all those who are currently working with such passion and commitment to make the occasion a memorable one. Today's efforts will bear fruit tomorrow. German football, for example, will boast twelve spanking new or vastly improved stadiums in 2006. The whole German population too will benefit in terms of better transport and reception infrastructures. // Football clubs, schools and people all over the land have really got behind this great event, providing further proof, if any were needed, of the prominent role football plays in all our lives. In this respect I would like to congratulate the German Football Association for inviting people from all walls of life to take part in this great event. Like Mexico, Italy and France, Germany is now organizing its second FIFA World Cup. Back in 1974 when it first held the World Cup, only sixteen sides took part, including the now-defunct German Democratic Republic (GDR) and Zaire. The latter were the only representative from the African continent and conceded fourteen goals with no reply. // The 2006 tournament will be a vastly different affair. Thirty-two teams will have qualified, including five from Africa, all of whom now perform at a far higher level. These performances bear witness to FIFA' s efforts in the last quarter of a century to help me nations of the football world to compete on an equal footing. I will have the immense pleasure of welcoming you amongst my friends in Germany. We look forward to seeing you in 2006 to celebrate this unity! //

问答题And we do expect to grow quickly with your help, and this effort will proceed on a number of parallel tracks. First, a major applied research and development effort to improve design, lower costs, and develop global industry standards for cookstoves. There are already some good stoves out there, but we can make them much more durable, efficient, and affordable, and scale up production to reach a mass market. With the right advances, new stoves could even use their own wasted heat to produce electricity that powers smoke-clearing fans, mobile phones, and even household lights.

问答题{{B}} 第一篇{{/B}} 到1999年春季，美国环境保护署和中国国家环境保护总局(SEPA)的官员签订了一个协议备忘录，建立了两国在排污权交易和酸雨控制方面的双边示范项目。在签字仪式上召开的国际研讨会上，与会者通过介绍了解了美国环境保护协会与中国地方城市之间的合作项目，这也是到目前为止唯一的一项实地项目。中国国家环境保护总局将美国环境保护协会的项目整理成正式文件，作为中国官方在这个双边项目中的贡献。该文件对美国环保协会所做的工作做了正式的介绍。//此外，中国国家环境保护总局指定美国环保协会和它的合作伙伴一起监督中美酸雨及排污权交易项目的案例研究。美国环保协会于1999年12月首次组织召开了两国双边会议。这些新的进展恰好给双方合作提供了高层信息传递的媒介以及所需要的官方关注。// 美国环保协会还继续利用其丰富的经验以及与美国国内决策者之间的关系网来加强其能力和基础设施的建设。美国环保协会最近在美国接待了该示范项目的主要参与者，安排他们与美国同行见面，并参加了今年10月在华盛顿召开的第二次双边会议。// 美国环境保护协会相信，总量控制是中国环境政策的一大新进展。它让人们明确地认识到，有效的政策之所以重要在于它是对总排放量进行控制而不只是对浓度进行限制。美国是世界上唯一在该环境政策方面总结出大量可靠经验的国家。//如果中国想在环境管理系统方面进行转型，即改变原来的以降低不断增加的环保负担为目标但并不能有效地保护人类健康和环境的管理系统，使其包括切实可行的、与持续的经济发展相适应的排放限量规定，那么将总量控制视为成功的发展途径就是至关重要的了。// (选自美国环境保护协会中国代表张建宇先生在博鳌亚洲论坛2002年年会上的发言“中国的排污权交易”)

问答题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} 中国经济高速发展，需要大量的矿产品及相关的能源与原材料加工制品。每年消耗的矿石量达60多亿吨，位居世界前列。 中国政府为实现经济的可持续发展，在矿产资源勘查、开发领域制定了一系列的法律、法规和政策，形成了既适合中国国情又基本与国际接轨的矿产资源勘查、开发政策法律体系。中国政府积极履行人世承诺，主动调整了法律法规和行政职能，建立了一个多元、稳定的矿产资源贸易体系，保障了出口矿产品的市场和进口矿产品货源的稳定。 经过科学探测，我们对我国矿产资源的分布有了更清楚的认识：中国煤炭和石油的特点是资源丰富但结构不理想。煤炭资源蕴藏量大，煤种齐全，但优质炼焦用煤和无烟煤储量不多；分布广泛，但储量丰度悬殊，东少西多，北丰南贫。中国石油资源储量大，是世界可采资源量大于150亿吨的10个国家之一，但是资源的探明程度低，陆上探明石油地质储量仅占全部资源的20%，近海海域的探明程度更低；分布比较集中，大于10万平方千米的14个盆地的石油资源量占全国的73%；油气资源埋藏深，地质条件复杂。 中国矿产资源遍布于全国各地，但因所处大地构造带和成矿地质条件的不同，各地区矿产资源分布不均，其矿种、储量、质量差异较大，形成了东、中、西部各地域矿产资源的不同特征。西部地区矿产资源分布集中，比较优势突出，具备形成优势支柱产业的资源基础。全国已查明资源储量的157种矿产中，西部地区拥有138种。此外，西部地区的有色金属储量丰富，不少金属和非金属矿石也具有较高的品质等级。 我们将本着建设一个资源节约型社会的精神，合理开发和利用我国的矿产资源，推动发展循环经济，以造福于全人类。

问答题The next time you sit down with your own family to eat, please take a moment to imagine the smell of smoke, feel it in your lungs, see the soot building up on the walls, and then come find us at the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. Hearths, whatever they look like, and wherever we gather around them, where we tell our stories and pass down our values, bind families together. And the benefits from this initiative will be cleaner and safer homes, and that will, in turn, ripple out for healthier families, stronger communities, and more stable societies. So we are excited because we think this is actually a problem we can solve.