问答题计划生育和环境保护是我国的基本国策，也是提高人民生活质量的重要条件。我们要重点抓好农村和流动人口的计划生育管理和服务，控制人口增长。我们要加强优生优育工作，增强人口素质。 我们必须加强对耕地、水、树林、草原、矿产、海洋、生物等资源的管理和保护，实行资源有偿使用制度，促进资源的节约与合理利用。我们要严格控制和治理污染，加快重点地区和重点流域污染的治理，公布大城市环境质量监测指标。 我国人口众多，资源相对不足，经济规模越来越大，经济发展与资源和环境的矛盾日益突出，粗放型的经济增长方式难以为继。我们必须正确处理发展经济同人口、资源、环境的关系，合理开发和综合利用资源。我们要努力保护和改善生态环境，使经济发展既满足当代人的需要，又造福于子孙后代。

问答题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} 今天来这里开会，我的心情十分沉重。印度洋大地震及其引发的海啸，在短短几小时内就夺去了十几万人的宝贵生命，造成了巨大的损失。这不仅是有关国家的灾难，也是全人类的灾难。这场灾难牵动着每一个中国人的心。我愿借此机会，代表中国政府和13亿中国人民向遭受灾难的国家和人民再次致以最深切的慰问。// 中国是饱受自然灾害的国家。我们对灾害带给人们的痛苦感同身受，深知患难真情之可贵。灾害发生后，中国政府进行了迄今为止最大规模的对外救援行动。在首批援助金额2163万元的基础上，又承诺向受灾国增加5亿元人民币的援助。中国医疗队、救援队已抵达现场参加救灾，数批救灾物资已经运抵主要受灾国家。// 我们提供的力所能及的援助是无私的，它充分体现了中国人民对受灾国家人民的深情厚意，显示了中国政府积极参与救灾和灾区重建工作的真诚意愿。我们将密切关注灾情的发展，并已派出工作组赴受灾国参与灾情调查和评估，根据受灾国实际需要，进一步提供各类援助。中国一贯说话是算数的。我们做出的承诺一定会办到、办好。过去是这样，现在是这样，将来也是这样。// 受灾国家救灾工作艰难浩大，灾后重建更是任重道远，需要国际社会的大力支持和帮助。东盟倡议召开此次特别峰会十分必要和及时，对推动受灾国、本地区国家和国际社会加强协调，形成合力，做好救灾和重建工作将产生重要影响。中国愿为这场救灾和重建工作做出积极贡献。//

问答题扩大亚洲经济合作引领全球走出危机 ——在博鳌亚洲论坛上的发言 中国国际经济交流中心常务副理事长 郑新立 席卷全球的金融经济危机，正在对世界经济带来沉重打击，预计今年全球贸易额将下降9%左右，工业生产将下降15%，经济总量将缩减1%-2%，出现60年来最严峻的局面。经济危机考验着各国政府的经济管理能力，考验着人类的智慧。 亚洲作为这次危机被波及的地区正深受其害，面临着出口下降、就业减少、外汇储备风险加大等威胁。但亚洲也是这次危机中比较幸运的地区，受危机的直接冲击比美、欧要小，内需潜力巨大，资金和外汇储备比较充裕，除少数发达国家和地区外，多数国家和地区处于工业化、城市化快速推进的过程中。扩大亚洲的经济合作，把亚洲各国工业化、城市化进程与发达国家的技术和区域内外的资金结合起来，可以形成巨大的需求。这种需求一旦变成现实购买力和进口能力，对拉动全球经济走出危机影响，将会起到举足轻重的作用。 在亚洲各国精英聚首博鳌这个难得的历史时刻，我想就扩大亚洲经济合作，引领全球走出危机的影响，提以下三点建议，以抛砖引玉。 第一，为了保护各国持有的美元储备的安全，亚洲国家应联合起来要求美国做出美国国债价值与美国通胀率挂钩的承诺。 长期以来形成的数以百万亿美元计的金融衍生品，积聚了巨大的金融泡沫，使美元贬值成为一个必然的历史趋势。不久前美联储购买美国国债的行为，在某种意义上等于启动了美元贬值的程序。一旦出现美元和美国国债的泡沫化，拥有大量美元资产储备的亚洲国家将蒙受重大损失。美国政府出于刺激经济的需求，希望亚洲国家继续购买美国国债，奥运会巴马总统多次表示美元仍然是安全的储备货币。已经拥有相当数量并将继续购买美国国债的国家，包括日本、印度和中国，应当联合起来，要求美国政府做出美国国债和美元通胀率挂钩的承诺，这既可以消除美国国债购买国对美元贬值而遭受损失的担心，又可使美国政府继续得到外国资金支持，以帮助美国经济尽快走向复苏，从而创造一个双赢的局面。 第二，为了推动国际储备货币体系改革，亚洲国家应以清迈协议为基础，探索以特别提款权作为亚洲储备货币。 未来全球货币体系，应当形成以美元、欧元、人民币三足鼎立的支撑架构。三种货币作为结算手段，供各国企业和政府选择。叨15种货币出现贬值趋势，各国即抛弃这种货币；哪种货币具有升值趋势，各国则购入这种货币。三者之间既相互竞争，又相互调剂，才有可能形成相对稳定的国际金融体系。但人民币的国际化还有相当长的路程，在完善的资本市场和发达的兑换体系形成之前，在人民币完全可兑换实现之前，人民币不可能成为国际货币。面对当前全球金融市场剧烈波动的形势，各国政府和企业都在寻找安全的币保值办法。国际货币基金组织已经发明了与一揽子货币挂钩的特别提款权(SDR)作为保值储备手段。不久前，周小川先生提出以SDR代替国家主权货币作为国际储备货币的动议，已经引起国际货币基金组织领导人的注意，并且可能在今年进行讨论。与其进行旷日持久的等待，不如先从亚洲做起。以清迈协议为基础，在扩大储备资金规模的同时，探讨以各国GDP权重和国际一揽子货币挂钩的方式，引入特别提款权作为储备货币。通过这种手段扩大亚洲国家的金融合作，可以达到一箭三雕的效果；一是可以增强亚洲国家抵御金融风险的能力；二是可以保证亚洲各国外汇储备的安全；三是可以增强对亚洲以外国家的吸引力，为SDR在国际货币基金组织管理下的扩大规模创造先行先试的试验。 第三，为了加快亚洲国家的发展，建议组建亚洲基础设施投资银行和亚洲农业投资银行。 亚洲大多数国家基础设施落后，加快工业化、城市化进程，需要从改善基础设施入手。亚洲各国又有大量剩余资金，与其购买美国国债承担汇率风险，不如用于对亚洲的投资，一定能取得比美国国债更高的收益。由亚洲各国投资组建股份制的亚洲基础设施投资银行，将为亚洲吸引外资、实现经济腾飞创造条件。亚洲农业条件优越，农业生产潜力巨大，通过建立亚洲农业投资银行，帮助一些资源条件好的国家发展世界短缺农产品生产，如种植水稻和热带作物，将会受到各个国家的欢迎。两个新的商业银行成立后，与亚洲开发银行形成竞争关系，有助于提高银行经营效率。三个银行在亚洲寻求投资机会，将能形成对各类设备、原料的进口需求，对于拉动全球尽快走出危机影响，促进亚洲的繁荣发展将会起到重要的推动作用。

问答题Minister, Distinguished Delegates, I am very pleased to join you today on behalf of UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations Program that brings together in a focus on AIDS our eight co-sponsoring organizations—the International Labor Organization was officially signed on as our most recent co-sponsor, less than two weeks ago. [TONE]//[TONE] The HIV epidemic around the globe is continuing to grow—every day, the world sees 15,000 new HIV infections and 8,000 deaths as a result of AIDS. Month by month, AIDS spreads even further. At the beginning of October, a new report was issued by the collaborative group, known as "Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic". This report on trends in the epidemic in Asia and the Pacific noted that in Indonesia, for example, HIV is beginning to emerge strongly where for many years it has been absent. [TONE]∥[TONE] Across Asia, they concluded, the epidemic is spreading both among populations with the highest risk of exposure and the population at large. In three Asian countries—Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar, more than 2 per cent of the total adult population is HIV infected. Across the whole of the region, at least 7 million people are living with HIV. [TONE]∥[TONE] This report shows that looking only at overall national HIV prevalence can give a misleading impression. In countries with large populations—like Indonesia, India or China—millions of people are affected and prevalence in some groups is high. In India, for example, HIV has moved beyond sex workers, injecting drug users and men who have sex with men. India now has nearly four million people living with HIV, and in three states, testing among pregnant women has shown HIV rates above three per cent. [TONE]∥[TONE] Across the world, 60 million people have been infected with HIV since the epidemic began. Sub- Saharan Africa has been worst affected with seven countries where more than 20% of adults are infected. If we translate these statistics into everyday life, they mean that in these countries today, a 15 year-old faces a 50% risk that they will be infected over their lifetime. They mean that even a relatively wealthy country like South Africa, by the end of the decade is facing a GDP reduced by 17 per cent as a result of AIDS. [TONE]∥[TONE] Over the past few years, Eastern Europe has seen the fastest rate of HIV growth. For example, the Russian Federation shows the explosive growth of an epidemic fuelled by injecting drug—in a single year in 2000, there were more new HIV infections than in all the previous years of the epidemic combined, and the same rate of growth has continued in 2001. [TONE]∥[TONE] Cities where HIV was unknown two years ago have reported that now the majority of injecting drug users have become infected, and infections are spreading to their sexual partners and wider. Nearly every region now reports HIV cases. [TONE]∥[TONE] AIDS is not only a global epidemic of an infectious disease, it is a development issue and at the core of human security. Only by working together with strong determination can we ensure the prosperity of the entire population. [TONE]∥[TONE]

问答题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} 中国拥有自己的体育传统。大约在公元11世纪宋朝的时候，人们开始玩一种叫做“蹴鞠”的游戏。这个游戏被认为是古代足球的起源，在当时非常流行，女性们也自成一队，玩得兴高采烈。现在，您该明白为什么我们现在的女子足球队那么厉害了。// 在北京，有许许多多精彩纷呈的事情在恭候您，这是一座充满活力的现代都市，3000年的历史文化与都市的繁荣相互交织。除了紫禁城、天坛和万里长城这几个标志性建筑，北京拥有无数的戏院、博物馆和迪斯科厅，各种各样的餐厅和购物场所。这一切的一切，都会令您感到惊奇和高兴。//除此之外，北京城里还有千千万万友善的人民，热爱与世界各地的人民相处。北京人民相信在北京举办2008年奥运会将推动我们文化与全世界各种文化的交流。他们将向您和您所领导的奥林匹克运动尽情表达他们对奥运会的感激之情。// 在我们的文化计划中，教育和交流将是我们的首要重点。我们将在全国弘扬奥运精神，以留下一笔精神和体育财富。// 从2005年至2008年，我们每年将定期举办文化活动。我们将开展多元文化活动，如由全世界青少年参加的音乐会、展览、艺术比赛和野营。在奥运会期间，这些文化活动将同时在奥运村和全市范围内展开，以方便运动员们参与。// 我们的开、闭幕式将为中国和世界杰出艺术家提供舞台，讴歌人类的共同理想、我们独特的文化和奥林匹克运动。// 基于丝绸之路带来的灵感，我们的火炬接力将开创新局面，从奥林匹亚山，途经人类古老的文明发源地——希腊、罗马、埃及、拜占庭、美索不达米亚、波斯、阿拉伯、印度和中国。以“共享和平，共享奥运”为主题，奥运永恒不息的火焰将穿越喜马拉雅山脉，到达世界最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰，也就是Mt. Everest，从而达到一个新的高度。//在中国，奥运圣火将通过西藏，穿过长江和黄河，踏上长城，途经香港、澳门、台湾并在组成我们国家的 56个民族中传递。通过这样的路线，比以往任何一次接力数量都多的人民将目睹火炬，并受到鼓舞。// 如此短的时间实在是难以展现我们文化计划的全貌。在我陈述结束前，我想告诉您一个故事。700年前，惊奇于他有关那个美丽的遥远国度的描述，人们问马可·波罗：您那些有关中国的故事是真的吗?他回答道：我只不过将我所见到的向你们描述了一半而已。事实上，今天我们向您展示的也仅仅是正在恭候您到来的北京一隅。// 女士们，先生们，我相信北京将向运动员、观众以及全世界的电视观众证明：这是一块神奇的土地。到我们中间来吧。// (节选自2001年7月13日中国代表团成员杨澜在国际奥委会上的申奥陈述)

问答题Last year at CGI, I spoke about the Obama Administration's new strategy for international development, which has elevated development alongside diplomacy and defense as the core pillars of American foreign policy. And we are working with our partner countries to help them obtain the tools and capacity that they need to solve their own problems and contribute to solving the world's shared problems. Our goal is to help people lift themselves, their families, and their societies out of poverty and toward a better life. And this is not development for development's sake. This work, we believe, advances our own security, prosperity, and values.

问答题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} 在中关建交25周年前夕，我应布什总统的邀请正式访问贵国。纽约是我访美的第一站，在这里能与各位新老朋友欢聚一堂，我感到很高兴。在此我要特别感谢美国银行家协会的盛情款待，向多年来为推动中美经贸合作做出积极贡献的各位朋友表示敬意!并通过你们向伟大的美国人民致以诚挚问候和良好祝愿!// 近一段时间，中美贸易方面有些分歧和摩擦。各方面对我此次美国之行颇为关注。我首先要告诉诸位，我这次是为了寻求友谊与合作而来，不是来打“贸易战”的。有些分歧问题的产生，实际上是相互不了解。我深信，中关双方通过对话与磋商，可以缩小我们之间的分歧，扩大我们之间的合作。// 大家知道，经贸关系是两国关系的经济基础。互利共赢的中美经贸关系，不仅给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益，而且成为中关关系稳定发展的重要基础和强大动力。至于中美经贸合作的迅速发展，对于周边地区经济繁荣乃至世界经济增长所起的促进作用，更是有目共睹。// 中美贸易之所以能迅速发展，根本原因在于两国经济具有极大的互补性。这种互补性，很大程度上来自两国经济资源条件、经济结构以及消费水平存在着很大的差异。这种差异性和互补性，将在今后长期存在，在经济全球化的大背景下显得更加突出。我认为，这就是中关贸易能够持续快速发展的客观基础。//

问答题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} 主席先生， 女士们、先生们： 目前，国际形势正处于深刻变化之中。和平与发展仍然是当今时代的主题，总体和平的国际环境为世界经济发展提供了有利条件；科技进步日新月异并孕育着新的重大突破，前所未有地提高了人类认识、把握宏观和微观世界的能力，展现了新的发展前景；经济全球化趋势正在向新的广度和深度演进，国际生产要素流动和产业转移加快，大大拓展了国际经济技术合作，促进了商品和资源在全球范围内的流动与优化配置。同时要看到，当今世界也存在一些不利于和平与发展的因素。局部战争和冲突仍时有爆发，恐怖主义、武器扩散、疾病传播等非传统安全问题日益突出；重大自然灾害给人类的生存与发展带来了巨大威胁；南北发展差距进一步拉大，新的贸易壁垒和保护主义不断出现；能源、资源消耗大幅度增长，生态破坏和环境恶化问题严重。 中国坚决支持并积极参与国际经济社会发展合作，呼吁国际社会在以下几个方面作出不懈努力： 第一，继续扩大经济技术等领域的国际合作。加强资金、先进技术、管理经验和人才资源等领域的国际交流合作，有利于各国相互学习和借鉴发展经验，发挥各自优势，优化全球资源配置，对推动各国经济发展具有重要意义。世界各国和地区应进一步相互开放市场，放开技术出口限制，继续推进贸易和投资自由化和便利化，消除各种贸易壁垒。国际社会还应该携起手来，共同应对来自安全、自然灾害等领域的挑战。 第二，构建资源节约型和循环经济发展模式。人类发展的历史经验表明，以资源浪费、环境破坏为代价换取一时的发展，人类必将受到严厉惩罚，最终也会危及发展本身。为了我们的美好家园，为了我们的子孙后代，我们应该走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少的发展道路。要提倡绿色生产方式、生活方式和消费方式，构建资源节约型国民经济体系和资源节约型社会。要根据自然的承载能力规划经济社会发展，同时要积极开展生态环境保护和建设，坚决禁止各种掠夺自然、破坏自然的做法。 第三，努力建立公正合理的国际经济新秩序。应加强多边、双边贸易合作，积极推进区域经济合作。推动多哈回合贸易谈判取得进展，实现“发展回合”的目标。要继续在平等基础上推进南北对话，充分考虑发展中国家的利益，尊重世界的多样性，提倡国际关系民主化和发展模式多样化，使各国特别是发展中国家从经济全球化中受益。要推动国际经济、贸易和金融体制的改革，创造更好的国际经济环境。 第四，积极帮助发展中国家加快发展步伐。帮助发展中国家提高发展水平，尽快缩小日益拉大的南北发展差距，既是国际社会的责任，也是推动世界经济持续发展的必然要求。发展中国家对自身发展负有主要责任。发达国家应切实承担和履行应尽的义务，切实减免发展中国家的债务，增加不附加任何条件的官方援助；应帮助发展中国家加强人才资源开发，增强科技创新能力，挖掘国内市场潜力，使发展中国家形成自我发展能力；应采取有效措施，减少经济全球化可能给发展中国家带来的风险，努力实现共同发展、共同繁荣。

问答题Passage 1 It is a pleasure to be here today to commemorate the first Earth Day with you by looking through this "Window on the American Environment." While I have not yet viewed the television series, from the accompanying book I can see that it is a very ambitious effort. The producers have interviewed a large number of environmental leaders in the United States, from early founders back in the 1970s through those involved in the contemporary movement.// I am sure you will hear many different opinions, because the diversity of the American environmental movement is part of its strength. The ability of individuals and non-governmental organizations to express their opinions and make their voices heard in the press and in the electoral process is the root of the movement and why it flourishes today. I vividly remember going outdoors with my elementary school class on Earth Day 1970 to examine our environment by looking at what grew in the pond behind our school. The motto of that first Earth Day was "think globally, act locally," and our young teacher wanted us to better understand what was right around us.// Nowadays teachers have access to all sorts of wonderful educational materials to help students study the environment and learn about concepts like biodiversity, climate change and protection of the ozone layer that were still foreign to us in 1970. But we knew then about toxic chemicals, deforestation, water pollution -- the subject of our pond study -- and land use issues, and we were learning to understand how much of an impact these could make on our futures.// Earth Day 1970 was a novel idea proposed by individuals -- not a government—that grew on its own, so that in that very first year, over 20 million Americans participated. We said, "think globally," but Americans were not yet thinking as much beyond their borders as we do today. Equally it would have been unimaginable in 1970 that China would air a 22-part television series on the United States. It would be another two years before the images of President Nixon's famous trip to China would be broadcast on our television screens in the United States and we started to have the opportunity to learn about each other.// Today the United States and China have a great deal to celebrate together for Earth Day. We are working together in areas from water conservation to the protection of endangered species to the development of new, cleaner sources of energy. We have an active program to work with Beijing to support its goal of a Green Olympics in 2008. Together we are researching climate change and exploring the possibilities for using hydrogen and fusion as energy sources. The United States government, through agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Parks Service and dozens more has an active program of cooperation with its Chinese counterparts.//

问答题弧强合作，为企业创新发展服务 ——崇泉部长助理在中欧知识产权高层论坛上的演讲 女士们、先生们： 大家好!很高兴今天在布鲁塞尔与欧方共同举办中欧知识产权高层论坛。此前，我已与欧委会代表Ewa Synowiec司长在德国汉诺威共同见证了中欧合作的首个“中国参展企业知识产权服务站”在CeBIT上设立，并高兴地看到服务站在中欧知识产权合作方面发挥了积极作用。服务站向中国参展企业提供咨询和调解服务，一方面有利于参展企业了解当地法律，更好地保护知识产权，另一方面也有利于加强国外知识产权权利人与中国参展企业间的沟通和交流，尽量妥善解决知识产权纠纷。以服务站为代表的一系列知识产权合作项目，为中欧加强合作、共同促进企业创新发展发挥了重要作用。在此，我对欧委会、欧专局和中欧知识产权二期合作办公室的大力支持表示感谢! 今天，我们在这里举办中欧知识产权高层论坛，体现了中欧双方对知识产权问题的高度重视。保护知识产权，符合中欧双方共同利益。 首先，双方政治上往来密切。围绕着全面战略伙伴关系，中欧已建立了多层次、宽领域的政治对话机制。2008年4月，中欧经贸高层对话在北京正式启动。今年新春伊始，温家宝总理就对欧盟总部和德国、瑞士、西班牙、英国欧洲四国进行了正式访问，并与欧委会主席巴罗佐发表了关于进一步推进中欧全面战略伙伴关系的《联合声明》。在温总理结束欧洲“信心之旅”之后20天，陈德铭部长又率采购团赴欧履行“承诺之旅”。这凸显了中方面对金融危机、主张通过国际合作共克时艰的立场，也是用实际行动反对贸易保护主义的一项切实举措。 其次，双方在经济上互利共赢。自1984年以来，中欧双方每年举行一次正部级经贸混委会。目前，欧盟是中国第一大贸易伙伴、最大的出口市场和进口来源地、第一大技术引进来源地和第四大实际投资来源地。中国则是欧盟第一大进口来源国、第二大贸易伙伴和第四大出口市场。据中方统计，2008年中欧贸易额为4255.8亿美元，较2007年增长19.5%，占中国外贸总额的16.6%。截至2008年底，欧盟对华直接投资项目30253个，实际投入625.7亿美元；中国自欧引进技术共29525项，累计合同金额1206.1亿美元。中欧对欧工程承包合同额达102.8亿美元，完成营业额92.4亿美元。中欧双方在经济上具有很强的互补性，发展双边经贸合作，符合双方的根本利益。 第三，保护知识产权是双方共同的目标。中欧人民都极具创造力，都曾创造了辉煌的历史。知识产权对科技进步和经济发展的促进作用，毋庸置疑。当今世界，科技发展日新月异，知识经济方兴未艾，知识产权收益成为国家发展的战略性资源和国际竞争力的核心要素。保护知识产权符合中欧双方共同的利益。 女士们、先生们： 中国政府一直高度重视知识产权保护。伴随着改革开放，中国在知识产权领域的工作取得了长足进展。2008年，中国共受理专利申请量828，328件，同比增长19.4%，国内发明申请增幅达到27.1%；授权专利411，982件，专利申请授权量同比增长17.1%。2008年，中国的全球《专利合作条约》(PCT)申请量达6089件，同比增幅为11.9%，跃居世界第六位。其中，仅华为技术公司就递交了1737件申请，成为全球递交专利申请最多的公司。 现在，我向大家介绍一下近年中国知识产权保护的主要工作。 一、扎实推进知识产权国家战略的实施 中国政府始终认为，保护知识产权首先是中国自身发展的迫切需要。中国已将建设创新型国家作为国家发展战略。为建设创新型国家，全力提升知识产权创造、运用、管理和保护能力，中国政府于2008年公布了《国家知识产权战略纲要》。《纲要》明确了到2020年的中国知识产权保护的中远期规划，规定了近5年的战略重点、专项任务和战略措施。《纲要》的颁布是中国知识产权发展史上里程碑式的事件，这必将揭开中国知识产权保护的新的篇章。 为扎实推进《纲要》的实施，2008年10月，国务院批准建立了由商务部等28个部委组成的国家知识产权战略实施工作部际联席会议，统筹协调国家知识产权战略实施工作。 二、知识产权法律体系日臻完善 自上个世纪70年代以来，中国先后颁布实施了《商标法》、《专利法》、《著作权法》和针对计算机软件保护、音像制品管理、植物新品种保护、知识产权海关保护等方面的法律法规，并根据实际需要，不断进行修订和完善。2004年制定的《著作权集体管理条例》和2006年制定的《信息网络传播权保护条例》，扩大了著作权的保护范围；2004年、2007年出台的两个《关于办理侵犯知识产权刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》，加大了对知识产权侵权案件的打击力度。2008年12月，完成了对《专利法》的第三次修改。当前，根据实施《国家知识产权战略纲要》的要求和闰内经济社会发展的需要，《商标法》、《著作权法》和《反不正当竞争法》等法律的修改工作也将逐步提上议事日程。 在不断完善国内立法的同时，中国还积极加入了一系列保护知识产权的国际条约，主要包括《伯尔尼公约》、《巴黎公约》、《专利合作条约》、《世界版权公约》、《世界知识产权组织版权条约》、《世界知识产权组织表演和录音制品条约》和《修改〈与贸易有关的知识产权协定〉议定书》等。 当前，一个适合中国国情、符合国际通行规则的、比较系统完备的知识产权法律体系已基本形成。 三、知识产权执法力度不断加大 在不断完善立法的同时，中国不断强化执法力度，形成了行政执法与司法双轨并行，权利人维权、行业自律、中介服务和社会监督融为一体的知识产权管理和执法体系。 就行政执法而言，中国政府采取“日常执法”与“专项行动”相结合的方法。一方面，行政执法部门依法进行日常监管，另一方面，针对知识产权的重点领域、重要环节等，不断开展各类专项行动。 在知识产权司法方面，2007年1月，最高人民法院下发了《关于全面加强知识产权审判工作，为建设创新型国家提供司法保障的意见》，就全面加强知识产权审判工作进行了全面部署。1987年至2007年，全国法院受理和审结的一市知识产权行政案件，分别为4675件和4613件。2003年至2007年间，全国各地方知识产权局共受理各类专利纠纷案件6427件，查处假冒他人专利案件919件，查处冒充专利案件8152件。刑事方面，2008年，检察机关共受理提请批准逮捕涉及侵犯知识产权犯罪案件1407件2565人，共受理移送审查起诉涉及侵犯知识产权犯罪案件1770件3482人。 值得注意的是，在知识产权行政执法和司法并行运作中，执法部门非常注重行政执法与刑事司法的相互衔接。最高人民检察院推动建立了“网上衔接、信息共享”机制，督促涉嫌侵犯知识产权犯罪案件及时移送；公安部还分别与海关总署、工商总局、版权局等签订了执法合作协议。在执法体系方面，海关设立了专门的知识产权保护机构，初步形成了海关总署一直属海关一隶属海关三级知识产权执法体系；人民法院建立健全了知识产权审判组织，各高级法院、中级法院以及具有知识产权民事案件管辖权的基层法院都设立了专门的知识产权审判庭，目前已达172个。 四、知识产权统筹监督能力日益增强 从2006年开始，中国连续三年颁布了《保护知识产权行动计划》，其中共涉及717项具体措施，内容涵盖了立法、执法、审判、机制建设、宣传、培训教育、国际交流与合作、企业知识产权保护、为权利人提供服务、专题研究等10个领域。上述700多项措施已全部得到落实。当前，为贯彻实施《国家知识产权战略纲要》，国家知识产权局正在牵头制定2009年国家知识产权战略实施计划》。 为方便社会监督，我们在全国50个大中城市建立综合性的保护知识产权举报投诉服务中心，开通“12312”举报投诉电话和互联网在线举报投诉窗口，形成了便捷、快速、有效的知识产权保护网。 五、全社会知识产权意识不断提高 培养和提高知识产权保护意识是我们工作的基础，也是工作的重点。 中国政府高度重视知识产权的宣传普及工作，中央和地方每年都组织大量活动。从2004年开始，在“世界知识产权日”(4月26日)前后，在全国范同内开展“保护知识产权宣传周”活动。有关部门举办了“骨干企业负责人员保护知识产权专题研讨班”，启动了“百千万知识产权人才工程”等一系列宣传教育和普法教育活动，通过“中国保护知识产权成果展览会”、等形式多样的活动，以及创办中国保护知识产权网等方式，在全社会大力倡导以“尊重知识，崇尚创新，诚信守法”为核心的知识产权文化理念。 改革开放30年来，通过不断的努力，知识产权保护在中国正得到全社会越来越广泛的认同。由于时问所限，就中国知识产权保护的现状，我就介绍以上内容。当然，这远远不能囊括中国知识产权工作的全部。下个月中欧还将举行第5次知识产权对话，双方政府部门的代表可以继续就知识产权保护的经验进行深入的交流与探讨。 女士们，先生们， 知识产权一直是中欧经贸关系中的重要话题之一，我们充分理解双方对此的关注。中方非常重视与欧方开展知识产权交流、对话与合作，如何能够做得更好，借此机会，我愿谈点看法，与大家探讨。 第一，中国保护知识产权的决心是坚定的。 中国经济社会持续快速发展，知识产权在经济社会发展中的作用越来越突出。保护知识产权不仅是改善投资环境、提高开放水平的需要，更是增强自主创新能力、建设创新型国家的需要。加强知识产权保护，符合中国自身发展的长远利益，也是保护创新与研发的迫切要求，中国政府的决心是坚定不移的。 第二，中国保护知识产权所取得的成绩是巨大的。 知识产权保护离不开中国的国情。中国还是一个发展中国家，面临着很多发展中问题。尽管如此，中国在知识产权保护方面依然投入了大量人力、物力，取得了显著成效。 第三，中欧双方应加强知识产权交流、对话与合作。 作为一个发展中国家，中国在知识产权领域还有大量的工作要做，《国家知识产权战略纲要》也明确了战略任务、重点和相应的措施。对知识产权领域出现的问题，中国是以高度负责的态度来处理的。知识产权是一个国际性问题，相互指责并不能解决问题，合作与对话应成为解决问题的最佳途径。 女士们，先生们， 面对不断蔓延的金融危机，加强合作，共同抵制贸易保护主义，正成为国际社会的共同心声。知识产权是中欧双方共同关注的重要问题，我相信，随着对话与交流的不断深入，知识产权将会成为双方合作的一个亮点。我希望欧方能够继续对中国给予理解、支持和帮助，与中方携手同前，共克时艰，不断深化知识产权合作，共同提高知识产权保护水平，推动中欧经贸关系健康稳步发展。 谢谢!

问答题{{B}} Passage 4{{/B}} One of the great legacies will be the impact of the Games on the country's young people. The Games inspire a new generation to believe in true values of fair play, the pursuit of excellence in what you do. to work as a team and above all in harmony—the Spirit of Friendship. // I have been fortunate to set records and win medals. But I realize when I stand on the blocks. the competition is really with me more than with others in the race. 1 cannot affect what my competitors will do, I can only commit myself that moment to do my best, to realize my own capabilities. In the end that is the key to having the best chance of winning. // But in the end that is the real human value for the sport for every athlete. The value lies in the effort and the striving even more than in the outcome. Every athlete who does that, and is true to themselves and their sport, deserves to be honored whether or not they come away from the race with a medal or a record. And so it is I think in everybody's daily life. What more can we do in our work, our professions, our personal lives, than to just try to realize our own individual potential? // Being a young person who has had the privilege and fortune to achieve success I feel a great sense of responsibility to help those less fortunate. In 2000 Ian Thorpe's Foundation for youth was established with the aim of assisting charity organizations that support the needs of children who are faced with challenges and difficulties in their lives due to illness. I believe that all children should be given the opportunity in their own lives to reach full potential. // I am very pleased to be helping raise money tonight for the Beijing Zhiguang Special Education and Training School which I visited yesterday and saw for myself the wonderful work they are doing. I met with the children and it reminded me again about how much we take for granted in our lives. // I can only hope that through the Foundation for youth and your support, together we can make a difference in the lives of many children and give them the opportunity to look forward to a bright future. So if you have not yet made a bid on our auction items tonight, or a donation at the table—I urge you to do so. // (Excerpts from "The Australia-China Oration Series 2002"—Olympic Gold Medalist Ian Thorpe's speech)

问答题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} My wife Nane and I are both extremely happy to be with you today. I feel truly proud to belong to this extraordinary class of 2004, and I am pleased to see that so many parents and family members were here today. The day belongs to them, too. Without their constant support, understanding and sacrifice, none of us could have achieved what we have. For me, to receive a degree from Harvard is a very great honor indeed. There are few countries in the world whose leaders in public life, business, science and the humanities have not had some association with Harvard -- and no country that has not benefited from Harvard's outstanding contributions to human knowledge.// You have invited me, I know, not as an individual, but as Secretary-General of the United Nations. You are saying that the United Nations matters, and that you want to hear what we have to say. Are you right in believing that the UN matters? I think you are, because the UN offers the best hope of a stable world and a broadly equitable world order, based on generally accepted roles. That statement has been much questioned in the past year. But recent events have reaffirmed, and even strengthened, its validity. A role-based system is in the interest of all countries --especially today. Globalization has shrunk the world. The very openness, which is such an important feature of today's most successful societies, makes deadly weapons relatively easy to obtain, and terrorists relatively difficult to restrain. // Today, the strong feel almost as vulnerable to the weak as the weak feel vulnerable to the strong. So it is in the interest of every country to have international rules and to abide by them. And such a system can only work if, in devising and applying the rules, the legitimate interests of all countries are accommodated, and decisions are reached collectively. That is the essence of multilateralism, and the founding principle of the United Nations. All great American leaders have understood this. That is one of the things that make this country such a unique world power. America feels the need to frame its policies, and exercise its leadership, not just in the light of its own particular interests, but also with an eye to international interests, and universal principles.// Among the finest examples of this was the plan for reconstructing Europe after World War Ⅱ, which General Marshall announced here at Harvard in 1947. That was one part of a larger-scale and truly statesmanlike effort, in which Americans joined with others to build a new international system -- a system which worked, by and large, and which survives, in its essentials, nearly 60 years later. During those 60 years, the United States and its partners developed the United Nations, built an open world economy, promoted human rights and decolonization, and supported the transformation of Europe into a democratic, cooperative community of states, such that war between them has become unthinkable.//

问答题Passage 2下面你将听到外国媒体有关中国能源形势的一段讲话。 Tight electricity supply is constraining China's economic growth — a situation likely to persist for three to four years until new capacity comes online. The energy shortfall has not yet severely hampered U.S. business operations in China, but this remains a distinct possibility. Shortages have now spread to two-thirds of China's provinces, affecting Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other first-tier cities. Plants in China's manufacturing heartland, the Pearl River Basin and East China now experience frequent mandatory shutdowns. Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces have imposed electricity rationing. Many plants have in- Stalled costly back-up diesel generators. Shanghai's demand for electricity outstrips supply by two to four million kilowatts. The tight supply is causing price increases at the front end of the manufacturing supply chain. High energy costs are a competitive disadvantage for China in the world marketplace. Quality, quantity, and security of supply also are essential for China's continued economic growth. Present restrictions on the direct sale of electricity, oil, and gas to industrial users promote inefficiency and non-competitiveness. Much of the current concern with the "overheating" of China's economy has been driven by the fear that the energy supply is not keeping up with the development of major energy-consuming industries. China's rapid economic growth, especially in the construction and manufacturing sectors, is behind the electricity shortage. China's energy industry has doubled in absolute terms during the last ten years, but such growth has been insufficient to meet demand. It takes five to seven years to design, construct, and commission a major thermal power plant, seven to ten years to explore and develop an oilfield, and five years to develop a coalmine. All require extremely large capital investment. Despite the fact that China has the world's second largest coal reserves and worldwide coal and coke prices are at eight-year highs, supply has not been able to keep up with demand. Efforts to raise electricity production in the near term have been hampered by deficient railroad capacity, which has prevented coal from reaching power stations. While coal price cycles usually do not coincide with oil prices, current high prices in both commodities have supply straining to meet demand. While China only imported 0.6 percent of world oil supplies in 1995, it now imports 3 percent of the world's oil. China, like the United States, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to disruptions in the world's supply of oil.

问答题携手合作推动亚洲经济崛起 ——在博鳌亚洲论坛2009年年会午餐会上的讲话 国务院副总理曾培炎 十年前的这个时候，经历亚洲金融危机的各国，正在经济恢复的道路上艰难前行。那次危机引发了人们对亚洲未来的思考，应运而生的博鳌亚洲论坛为区内各国高层对话建立了一个有益的平台。眼下发生的这场危机，与亚洲金融危机相比范围更广、程度更深，也使经济全球化遇到了挫折。但我相信，只要经过各国共同有效的努力，危机终将克服，全球化趋势不可逆转。今天我们相聚在这里，就是探讨如何应对危机，吸取挫折的教训，建立新的国际经济秩序，促进世界经济发展更加稳定、经济结构更加合理、南北发展更加平衡。 受金融危机影响，全球消费、投资、贸易、生产、就业等出现萎缩，世界经济仍在衰退，今年全年可能出现负增长。在全球化条件下，各国经济你中有我、我中有你，一荣俱荣、一损俱损。这就需要各主要经济体之间加强合作，开展经济对策讨论，推进政策协调，引导市场行为，从而带动世界经济尽早走出危机。 危机发生以来，各经济体陆续出台了一系列刺激方案，其效果值得期待。需要注意的是，通货膨胀与通货紧缩有时并不遥远。目前，流动性紧张的局面未见明显逆转，针对经济运行面临通货紧缩的压力，确有必要采取超常规的、更富有创新的财政货币政策。在各国加大救助力度，对抗通货紧缩和流动性枯竭的同时，不能忽视可能引发通货膨胀的风险。美联储定量宽松的货币政策大规模购买美国国债，增加了财政赤字转化为通货膨胀的压力，引起各国对在美巨额投资的担忧。为了让世界放心，美国应当健全国债收益与通货膨胀挂钩的机制，确保国债保值增值，保护亚洲国家在内的国际投资者的利益。同时，这也有利于美国政府继续获得外国资金支持，促进美国尽快走出危机。 国际贸易和投资一直是推动全球经济增长的重要引擎。随着全球市场萎缩、就业下降，贸易和投资保护主义开始抬头，其形式更加复杂多样，隐蔽性更强。这种以邻为壑的做法，不仅会损害对方，也会伤及自身，不但拯救不了世界经济，反而会加剧贸易摩擦和投资争端。繁荣的世界市场离不开公平公正合理的市场秩序。危机当前，需要鼓励扩大国际贸易和投资，发达国家应当带头放弃产品和服务进15限制，放宽外资进入审查，同时放开技术及其产品出口。发展中国家也应当开放国内市场，推动贸易投资自由化便利化，只有这样，才能有利于发展中国家和发达同家之间互利发展。 刚刚结束的G20伦敦峰会，就增加国际金融机构资源、加强国际金融监管、帮助发展中国家等取得了积极务实的成果，向国际社会传递了共同战胜危机的信心和意愿。虽然与会各国对达成的共识表示了原则赞成，但在实际落实中仍有很大难度。特别是国际金融体系改革才刚刚拉开帷幕，很多根本性、体制性的难点有待突破，国际金融体系累积的巨大系统性风险尚未化解。国际社会应当坚持不懈地构建全球金融新秩序，积极发挥国际金融组织在维护国际金融稳定、加强金融监管方面的作用，提高发展中国家在国际金融体制的话语权，认真落实已达成的全球金融监管措施，推动国际储备货币体系多元化。各储备货币发行国应当承担起相应的国际责任，维护币值稳定，防范竞相贬值带来的汇率战。 近年来，新兴经济体迅速崛起，由于他们大都实行出口导向型的发展模式，在危机中出口下滑，外资减少，失业增加，实体经济遭到冲击，其受损害程度要比发达国家更为严重。新兴经济体很多集中在亚洲，现在已经到了关键时刻，如果应对不当，多年的发展成果可能毁于危机。亚洲国家和地区需要提高自身抵御风险能力，出台更有力的刺激经济计划。除了依靠现有的国际救援机制外，亚洲国家应充分发掘内部潜力，利用区域合作机制采取共同应对措施，譬如，加强区域货币合作，扩大双边货币互换；发挥本地区外汇储备较多的优势，设立专项基金，用于基础设施和农业投资，支持实体经济发展。近日，中国政府提出了加强同东盟合作的一系列措施，包括签署自贸区《投资协议》，设立用于基础设施和网络化建设的投资基金，向东盟国家提供贷款等。我认为，这些举措有较强的针对性，体现了中国加强合作、共克时艰的诚意，有利于东南亚国家早日摆脱危机影响。希望这些措施早日落实，取得成效。 进入新世纪以来，中国的经济增长大部分时间保持在10%以上。严峻的国际环境也对中国产生了不利影响，去年第四季度经济增速下降到6.8%，今年一季度为6.1%。虽然增速仍在下滑，但由于一系列扩大内需政策效果逐步显现，下滑幅度缩小，增速趋稳。一季度固定资产投资增长28.8%，高于去年水平，预计投资增长将在财政货币政策作用下继续加快；社会消费品零售总额实际增长15.9%，同比增速有所提高，但短期内消费需求难以做到大幅增长；进出口总额同比下降了24.9%，在主要经济体尚未复苏的情况下，进出口难有大的起色。此外，影响中国经济的不确定、不稳定因素还较多。未来中国经济增长很大程度上取决于扩大内需，投资的增加将扮演重要角色。扩大投资要注意保民生、保就业和产业结构调整相结合，加快形成实物工作量，拉动即期需求。扩大消费的主要动力在农村和城市中等收入群体，我们的政策措施应继续向这方面倾斜。我相信，中国经济增长将为世界经济复苏和亚洲经济稳定发挥重要作用。 女士们，先生们! 世界经济的发展总是波浪式前进、螺旋式上升，危机总会过去，复苏必将来临。但是不论发达国家还是发展中国国家，在应对危机时都应当吸取以往教训，不能再以牺牲资源环境为代价换取经济一时增长，而是应当坚持可持续发展的科学理念，提倡绿色生产方式和生活方式，推行集约发展和清洁发展。我们期待，当世界进入新的增长周期时，不再是原有经济周期的简单重复，而是实现绿色的复苏。 谢谢大家!

问答题Passage 1 下面你将听到一段关于中国教育状况的介绍。 中国人历来重视教育，实施“独生子女”政策后尤为如此。中国家庭的平均教育支出约占其收入的15%，而据中国社会调查所的一项研究成果显示，有43%的家庭都设立了专门账户，用来支付孩子的教育费用。 近年来，私立学校也开始在中国流行起来。这些学校鼓励校方和家长共同为学校募集办学资金。现在每个在校生的教育费用有三分之一来自政府以外的渠道。 在中国，考取大学的竞争十分激烈，因而越来越多的学生选择到国外，特别是英国深造。现在去英国深造的中国学生人数超过了任何一个西方国家。据中国驻英使馆统计，目前英国共有6.5万名中国留学生。这些学生每年为英国大学带来高达2.5亿英镑的学费收入。 在建国以来的55年里，中国在教育方面取得了巨大的进步。据联合国称，1949年中国的文盲率高达80%，而到了2002年中国的文盲率已降至15%以下。 尽管如此，据联合国统计，中国的人均教育经费在129个国家里仅名列第100名。中国政府意识到，要提高这一世界排名，还需要投入更多的资源。 为了进一步提高教育水平，中国政府计划到2010年将教育经费增加到占国内生产总值4%的水平。而在10年前，教育经费只占当年国内生产总值的2.6%。

问答题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} I am very pleased to welcome so many of you to this Global Compact Summit. This is the largest and highest-level gathering of leaders from business, labor and civil society ever held at. the United Nations. Indeed, far more of you were determined to attend than we anticipated in our wildest estimations. Our apologies go to those we could accommodate only in an overflow room, and to others whom, I regret, the limitations of space made it impossible for us to accommodate at all. // Dear friends, we are travelers on a common, historic journey. We meet as stakeholders of the Global Compact, which has become by far the world's largest initiative promoting global corporate citizenship. Of all such efforts, the Global Compact alone is based on universal principles that have been accepted by all the world's leaders. And more than any other, it engages the developing countries, which are home to haft its participating fro, as, two thirds of its national networks—and four fifths of humanity. // We come together in a spirit of cooperation and dialogue. We want to share experiences in implementing the Compact, building on lessons learned, and generate new ideas for its future directions. What is our ultimate destination? A world held together by strong bonds of community, where today there are only tenuous market transactions. A world in which the gaps between the rich and poor countries grow narrower, not wider, and where globalization provides opportunities for all people, not only the few. A world in which economic activities coexist in harmony with, and reinforce, human rights, decent working conditions, environmental sustainability and good governance. // There is much good news to report about the journey so far. Four years ago, fewer than fifty companies met here at the United Nations to launch the Global Compact. Today, nearly 1,500 firms participate, from 70 countries. So, too, do the major international labor federations, representing more than 150 million workers worldwide. Fifty leaders of transnational non-governmental organizations, North and South, are also with us today, as are senior officials from some 20 countries. The number of core United Nations agencies involved in the Compact has also grown from three to five, and their executive heads are here as well. //

问答题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} I would like to thank you, Mr. President for your kind invitation and the University for its warm reception. It is my great honor to come here to attend the grand centennial anniversary celebration of your university. On behalf of all the guests from universities across the world, and also in my own name, I wish to extend our warmest congratulations to the President and faculty and students and wish your university become more prosperous day by day. In the 11th century, a university came into the world as a result of the development of human civilization. Ten centuries later, we gather here in your university, to keep on pondering over our life and exploring the endless knowledge. Our universities form a great intellectual community around the world. Science has no nationality, knowledge belongs to everyone. Our universities create new knowledge. They teach this knowledge, together with that of other universities and also the best of the great storehouse of knowledge, which those who came before us have uncovered, tested and accumulated. All universities contribute to the prosperity and success of their country. They also conserve the culture and inheritance specific to their country's civilization. But they do more. Knowledge is secure only when it is hard won by the independent tests of accuracy, rational explanation and truth. So, when we teach our students skills, we also give them values. On the one side, these are values for personal and civic conduct. On the other side, these values underscore the personal need for independent understanding which is the source of human creativity. These duties give universities a high responsibility. They are rooted in a great and fine tradition of honesty, free and fearless inquiry and independence. Each university is a beacon of light in its own society and, by its association with its sisters, its knowledge and its values are widely spread. Over the past 100 years, your University is grounded in its educational philosophy of "extensive scholarship with unyielding dedication and earnest inquiry with independent examination", and has shaped an academic ideology of extracting the best and exploiting the greatest. As a result, the University has turned out, class upon class, graduates with brilliant scholarship and lofty aspiration, many of whom have become great leaders in China. A tradition is not built easily or quickly. During 100 years, your University has been fashioning your tradition. Present and future members of your university! We hope to see you elaborate and consolidate your tradition. We hope to see you become a keystone of the intellectual community. In your next century, we hope to see you contribute to the international academic movement as a whole, as more and more of your members come to participate in the activities of your sister universities. Currently, China is in a period of social transition marked with astonishing progress and change. The profundity and significance of this transition is unprecedented. A university is so termed, because it serves not only as a propeller of economic and social progress, but also a ferry and bridge for academic transmission and a cradle of thoughts. As a prestigious university with a century-long academic tradition and intellectual esteem, your University is destined to shoulder weighty responsibilities on its long journey ahead. And again I would like to express my genuine congratulations and best wishes! May our friendship flourish with the days!

问答题HIV/AIDS is now recognized clearly as a growing threat to China. According to official Chinese estimates, China now has approximately 840,000 persons infected with HIV. As of the end of 2003, only 62,159 persons had been tested and officially confirmed to be HIV-positive. The remaining HIV-positive persons in China, estimated at 780,000 persons or more, are not known to public health authorities, and the individuals themselves probably do not know their status, posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV. Senior Chinese officials, as well as international experts operational in China, now assert that HIV is steadily moving from source population such as injecting drag users and commercial sex workers into the general population. However, China has made important advances in outlook, policy and resource commitments. New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular. China has initiated a more proactive response to the HIV/AIDS challenge, including a national treatment and care program. New policy guidelines promote "four frees and one care": free drug treatment for poor citizens, free testing and counseling for poor citizens, free treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, free schooling for AIDS orphans, and care for families affected by HIV/AIDS. Senior leaders have committed to implementing harm reduction strategies, including condom promotion, needle exchange, and methadone substitution therapy for drug addicts. Formidable challenges lie ahead. In spite of many positive developments, daunting challenges -- political, technical, and normative -- lie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS. It is difficult to overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning, costs, logistics, human resources, technical capacity, and the pervasive problems posed by stigma. Weak and incomplete national HIV testing and surveillance system, debilitated and dysfunctional public health system, particularly in rural areas, serious lack of qualified personnel and the necessary equipment and technologies to properly diagnose, counsel, treat, monitor and care for HIV/ADS, just to name a few. US-based commentators have suggested that success in addressing HIV/AIDS in China will require continued high-level leadership, both in China and internationally. For engaged US policymakers, as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations, priority should lie in near to medium-term steps which sustain Chinese leadership's focus on HIV/AIDS and public health. China's formidable structural and organizational weaknesses must be addressed systematically. Failure to implement a more strategically coordinated plan risks the loss of international support over time. Prevention and awareness should receive higher priority in China's strategic national Plan to combat HIV/AIDS. And human resources development, through education and training of medical professionals, is crucial.

问答题下面你将听到一段有关中美贸易关系的讲话。 在冷战结束后的新形势下，两国要不要及如何发展双边关系，是中美两国面临的重大课题。“永久正常贸易关系”的通过表明，在美国，支持发展中美关系的力量占了上风，美国政府、国会、工商企业界和公众的主流都支持以建设性的态度与中国打交道。 其次，中美关系的内涵得到了丰富。经贸关系是两国总体关系的组成部分，中美互为重要贸易伙伴，美国还是中国的主要外资来源国，没有稳定、良好的经贸合作关系，政治关系就会空心化，就会缺乏前进的动力，失去公众的参与热情。良好的经贸合作关系可以对两国政治关系产生促进作用，特别是在政治关系出现波动时可发挥减震作用。 第三，增进了两国的互信和合作气氛。美国儿乎给予世界上所有国家正常贸易关系的待遇，惟独将中国这样一个大国排除在外。这本身就是一种歧视，一种不信任。不解决这个问题，中国人民就无法理解中美关系的必要性，就会怀疑美国的合作诚意。没有人民的支持和参与，国家关系就难以发展。同时，建立正常贸易关系后，随着商品和人员往来的增加，投资和管理经验的引进，两国间的了解无疑会加深，误解也会减少。 第四，向中国在亚太地区的邻国发出积极的信号。中国是亚太大国，美国也自称是亚太国家，在地区有重要的影响力。中美友好，则亚太国家获益；中美敌对，则亚太国家遭殃。中美建立正常贸易关系，就是向亚太国家表明，两个大国愿意友好相处，有通过谈判解决分歧的意愿和能力。这对维护地区稳定，促进经济繁荣将产生长远影响。

问答题As the women cook, smoke fills their lungs and the toxins begin poisoning them and their children. The results of daily exposure can be devastating: Pneumonia, the number one killer of children worldwide, chronic respiratory diseases, lung cancer, and a range of other health problems are the consequence.