英译汉19. Collegiate debating in the United States is a major educational enterprise. Sponsored by more than 800 schools, it is organized into networks of state and interstate competition, recognized through honor societies, and supported by state and national groups of teachers of forensics.

英译汉12. The possession of facts is knowledge; the use of them is wisdom; the choice of them, education. Knowledge is not power but riches, and like them has its value in spending.

英译汉1. Pollution and Ecocrisis The problem of pollution is also of great social concern. Continued population increase, accompanied by a rise in the level of living standards, not only threatens to exhaust American resources but pollutes the environment to such an extent that production in the thickly settled area is impossible without damaging the health of the local residents.1 Smog, once an urban annoyance, is now recognized as a health risk, and the automobile has been pinpointed as the principal culprit. Heavy industries have been blamed for river, soil, air, noise and visual pollutions.2 DDT and other chemical remedies have been doing more ecological harm than the good that they may have brought along. Several decades ago, Americans dumped raw sewage into rivers and many industrial plants are now still dumping chemical pollutants into lakes, rivers and oceans. Oceans used to be and are still being considered to be a reserve of seafood.3 Today, after the oceans have become the home of all pollutants, this use of the oceans4 is being reduced at an alarming rate. The worst pollution threat is concentrated in and near large cities.5 There the people-made pollutants increasingly surpass the ability of air and water to dilute the contaminants to safe levels. The natural ecological cycle depends on plants, which absorb some pollutants and release oxygen to the air. But near large cities, natural vegetation becomes scarce, and introduced trees, ornamental shrubs and gardens are far from adequate in absorbing motor vehicle and industrial air pollutants. Finally, some pollutants, most notably atomic waste, may continue to contaminate air, land, and water for thousands of years. Therefore, ecocrisis—ecocatastrophe or ecocide—has been for some time one of the major concerns of not only the ecoactivists and environmentalists, but of many scientists of other fields and the government authorities of many countries as well. Last but not least, there is the question of whether the people will eventually be able to solve all these problems. The American continent is a wealthy land inhabited by many able and well-educated people. There today, people have originated a life-style which is known to the world as being characteristic of a society of consumption—a life-style based on the prodigal use of material goods. They are using up many times their share of the earth's resources at a rate unparalleled in history. And I am sorry to say that this life-style of American has been copied by the people of many developed countries, leading to the greatest problem of the modem world as a whole. So I must ask: Are the Americans apt enough to cooperate with other peoples to prevent over-population, resource exhaustion, the catastrophe of pollution and the wanton waste of wealth-problems which are basic to the solution of many outstanding economic, social and political problems6? Only time will tell.7

英译汉7. Those same politicians are driven by an intent to use the country's resources to maximum financial benefit, whatever they may be, however treasured and iconic.

英译汉6. While audio conferencing was generally the conference calling method of choice when conferencing programs were first developed and introduced, video conferencing is quickly growing to be even more popular these days.

英译汉6. Another service that helps prevent surplus of farm products during peak seasons is consumer marketing information. This keeps consumers informed of current food supply and price situations, what is cheap at each season, how to prepare tasty, nutritious dishes with it, and how to preserve it.

英译汉3. The genetic structure of any living organism is complex, and GM crop tests focus on short-term effects.

英译汉 By nature all men are alike

英译汉1. Li Na Li Na made history at the French Open on Saturday when she became the first Chinese player to win a grand slam singles title. Her 6-4, 7-6 victory over last year's champion, Francesca Schiavone of Italy, was a performance full of maturity, class and guts and when the pressure came late in the second set, she held firm.1 If this does not spark a new wave of Chinese players in the years to come then probably nothing will. An estimated audience of 65 million watched the final on television and online in China but the 29-year-old, who pocketed a cool will have to wait until after Wimbledon before she has time to fly home. "If I don't do well at Wimbledon maybe people will forget me already," she said. "But if a Chinese player can win a grand slam maybe it proves a lot for Chinese tennis. I believe Chinese tennis will get bigger and bigger." Having reached the final of the Australian Open in January, it looked as if Li's second opportunity for glory might be slipping away when, leading by a set and 4-2, she became tight.2 Perhaps it was the pressure of those watching at home, perhaps it was simply the occasion, but as she faltered, Schiavone moved to within two points of forcing it into a decider. But as the crowd roared for the Italian, Li showed her mettle and held firm. Twice she held serve to stay in the set and she then played a flawless tie-break3 to win in 7-0. As a Schiavone backhand drifted over the baseline, a disbelieving Li fell to the clay and put her hands to her face.4 "At 6-0 in the tie-break, I was thinking 'OK, don't do anything stupid,' because many times I have had match point and not won the match." she said. "When I was a young player, I wanted to be a grand slam champion and now I am. Someone said the other day that I'm getting old, so the old woman's dream has come true." Schiavone, whose victory last year was one of the most remarkable performances in Roland Garros history, embraced her opponent at the net and was equally kind-hearted afterwards. "Today was a really tough day but I have to congratulate Li Na because5 she's really grown up this year and she played really well. Enjoy this moment because5 it's fantastic." There is no histrionics, no climbing through the stands to greet her family and friends. Instead, Li sat calmly on her chair and let it all sink in. Though three Chinese pairs have tasted grand slam doubles glory before, she is the first to do it in singles. For a country of 1.3 billion, if only the tiniest fraction of the population pick up a racket rather than play another sport, the future will be bright.6

英译汉6. A Western intelligence agency estimates between 20 to 30 people have died in the power struggle between military groups and the government.

英译汉12. Another part of the observer's job is to make sure that heavy weapons, you know, things like tanks and rocket launchers, are being stored at a safe distance away from the front so they can't be used.

英译汉11. Critical to the definition of an incubator is the provision of management guidance, technical assistance and consulting tailored to young growing companies.

英译汉1. Modified Agricultural Practices Since agriculture accounts for nearly 70 percent of the world's fresh water withdrawn from rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers for human use, the greatest potential for conservation lies with increasing irrigation efficiency.1 By reducing irrigation by 10 percent, we could double the amount available for domestic water worldwide. This can be done by converting to water-conserving irrigation systems; taking the poorest and steepest lands out of production2; switching to less-thirsty crops (which may require changes to government subsidies for certain crops); implementing proper agricultural land drainage and soil management practices, and reducing fertilizer and pesticide use. Typically, governments provide water to large commercial farmers at greatly subsidized rates, decreasing the need for conservation and promoting wasteful practices3. This has led to widespread use of wasteful irrigation systems. Studies show that just 35-50 percent of water withdrawn for irrigated agriculture actually reaches the crops. Most soaks into the ground through unlined canals, leaks out of pipes, or evaporates before reaching fields. Although some of the water lost in inefficient irrigation systems returns to streams or aquifers where it can be tapped again, water quality is invariably degraded by pesticides, fertilizers and salts.4 This is in fact another way that commercial agriculture "uses" water: by polluting it so that it is no longer safe to drink. In areas where commercial agriculture is prevalent, runoff5 from farms has poisoned water supply with dangerous levels of toxics. Poorly planned and poorly built irrigation systems not only harm water quality, but can also irreparably6 harm the crop-growing capability of the land through salinization. Especially in arid areas, salts that occur naturally accumulate in irrigated soils. Poorly drained irrigation water can pollute water supply, and raise the groundwater table until it reaches the root zone, waterlogging and drowning crops. Globally, some 80 million hectares of farmland have been degraded by a combination of salinization and waterlogging. Switching to conserving irrigation systems has the biggest potential to save water used for agriculture (experts say drip irrigation could potentially save 40-60 percent of water now used for agriculture). The most common water-conserving irrigation systems are some form7 of drip irrigation (also called micro-irrigation). Conventional sprinklers spray water over crops, not only irrigating more land than is needed to grow the crop but also losing much8 to evaporation. Drip irrigation, however, supplies water directly to the crop's root system in small doses, where it can be used by the plant's roots. Water is delivered through emitters9 that drip water at each plant, or perforated piping, installed on the surface or below ground. This keeps evaporation losses low, at an efficiency rate of 95 percent. Although by 1991 some 1.6 million hectares were using drip irrigation worldwide, this is still less than one percent of all irrigated land worldwide. Some countries have made drip irrigation a serious national priority, such as Israel, which uses drip irrigation on 50 percent of its total irrigated area. But clearly it is the exception, and most dry countries have a long way to go.

英译汉14. Only through education does one come to be dissatisfied with his own knowledge, and only through teaching does one come to realize the uncomfortable inadequacy of his own knowledge.

英译汉10. Business incubation is a business support process that accelerates the successful development of start-up and fledgling companies by providing entrepreneurs with an array of necessary resources and services.

英译汉7. Jails and prisons are the complement of schools; so many less as you have of the latter, so many more you must have of the former.

英译汉 In as much as it is popular

英译汉10. The Supernote Kelly was stunned when the bills were presented to him. Two of them did not appear to be fraudulent. "I've done counterfeiting cases, and I know what a counterfeit bill looks like," he says. "These bills looked genuine. They felt genuine. I said, 'If these are counterfeit, this is a serious problem for the United States.'" Kelly immediately called the Boston office of the United States Secret Service, a branch of the Treasury.1 "I said, 'We have some outstanding-looking bills, and they came from Lebanon,'" he recalls. "Secret Service was at our door in three and a half minutes. They knew exactly what I was talking about.2" Kelly, it turned out, had obtained samples of a counterfeit3 hundred-dollar bill that had been dubbed the Supernote. It had surfaced around 1990 and originated in the Middle East, and, the agents told Kelly, as far as they could determine between two and three billion dollars' worth had been printed in two years. It was indeed no ordinary counterfeit. Most fake currency is printed on an offset press4—the type used for books and magazines—and it tends to look and feel flat. The Supernote, however, was being manufactured by the same industrial process used to make authentic United States currency, known as intaglio printing, in which an etched plate meets paper with tremendous force, giving the note a distinctive, embossed feel. The paper used for the Supernote was an uncanny replica of the currency stock produced exclusively for the United States government since 1879 by Crane Company of Dalton, Massachusetts—seventy-five percent cotton, twenty-five percent linen, with embedded red and blue fibres. The workmanship of the Supernote was extraordinary. It had sequential serial numbers, and the printing plates continued to be refined. A Secret Service agent identified Kelly's two samples as Supernotes by three minuscule imperfections. Even when the flaws were pointed out, Kelly says, "I frankly couldn't see the damn imperfections." (A former employee of the Secret Service's forensic division says that when a sample of the Supernote first arrived at the agency's5 laboratory, in Washington, a top technical analyst "examined it the way he has every other counterfeit note in the world, and called it genuine.") Most alarming of all, the Supernote was so well engineered that it could fool currency scanners at the nation's twelve Federal Reserve banks. The black ink on the front of American currency contains ferrous oxide, which is magnetic, and the Fed's scanners read the magnetic field down the center line of the portrait with such precision that a thousand genuine hundred-dollar bills are rejected for every one that is later found to be counterfeit. Yet, Kelly recalls, "Secret Service told me the bills went through those machines." The Supernote, Kelly learned, had been circulating in Europe, the Far East, the Middle East, and the former Soviet Union, but only a limited supply had reached the United States. This was not reassuring. Of the almost three hundred and ninety billion dollars in American paper money now in existence, some two-thirds, or more than two hundred and fifty billion, is in foreign hands. The worldwide popularity of the dollar is a tremendous boon to the United States. As the Federal Reserve is fond of pointing out, every bill in circulation is in effect an interest-free loan; an equivalent amount in government securities would cost the United States more than twenty-five billion dollars in annual interest payments. The beauty of bills stuffed in a mattress in Kazakhstan, for instance, is the good chance that the notes will never be called in. The Supernote was by no means the first foreign-made or foreign-distributed counterfeit of American currency, but because of its frightening and unprecedented quality it seemed singularly poised to damage world confidence in the dollar.

英译汉1. Tofu and a host of other products made from the mighty soybean are pushing aside meat, milk and even ice cream on grocery store shelves these days as scientists rave about the health benefits of soy. Hundreds of scientists around the globe are turning their microscopes to soy in search of ways to prove or disprove its cancer-fighting ability or its benefit as a natural alternative to hormone replacement therapy. Good science requires patience.

英译汉 Public or Private