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问答题The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittles, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.
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问答题If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. 1 Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired—rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or equipment. 2 The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief finanical officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chances to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. 3 And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. 4 If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. 5 More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can"t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
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问答题最近一项调查表明,中国的大部分建筑——不论是办公楼还是居民楼——所消耗的电、热和水等资源比发达国家的同类建筑要多。例如,北京居民家庭平均消耗的能源是气候类似的德国北部家庭的三倍,中国是资源短缺的国家,我们必须节约资源,才能使我国的经济持续发展。
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问答题The ancient compass is of high sensibility.
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问答题People remember emotionally charged events more easily than they recall the quotidian. A sexual encounter trumps doing the grocery shopping. A mugging trumps a journey to work. Witnessing a massacre trumps pretty well anything you can imagine. That is hardly surprising. Rare events that might have an impact on an individual"s survival or reproduction should have a special fast lane into the memory bank—and they do. It is called the α2b-adrenoceptor, and it is found in the amygdala, a part of the brain involved in processing strong emotions such as fear. The role of the α2b-adrenoceptor is to promote memory formation—but only if it is stimulated by adrenaline. Since emotionally charged events are often accompanied by adrenaline secretion, the α2b-adrenoceptor acts as a gatekeeper that decides what will be remembered and what discarded. However, the gene that encodes this receptor comes in two varieties. That led Dominique de Quervain, of the University of Zurich, to wonder if people with one variant would have better emotional memories than those with the other. The short answer, just published in Nature Neuroscience, is that they do. Moreover, since the frequencies of the two variants are different in different groups of people, whole populations may have different mixtures of emotional memory. The reason Dr. de Quervain suspected the variants might work differently is that the rarer one looks like the commoner one when the latter has a memory-enhancing drug called yohimbine attached to it. His prediction, therefore, was that better emotional memory would be associated with the rarer version. And that did, indeed, turn out to be the case in his first experiment. This involved showing students photographs of positive scenes such as families playing together, negative scenes such as car accidents, and neutral ones, such as people on the phone. Those students with at least one gene for the rarer version of the protein (everyone has two such genes, one from his father and one from his mother) were twice as good at remembering details of emotionally charged scenes than were those with only the common version. When phone-callers were the subject, there was no difference in the quality of recall. That is an interesting result, but some of Dr. de Quervain"s colleagues at the University of Konstanz, in Germany, were able to take it further in a second experiment. In fact, they took it all the way along a dusty road in Uganda, to the Nakivale refugee camp. This camp is home to hundreds of refugees of the Rwandan civil war of 1994. In this second experiment the researchers were not asking about photographs. With the help of specially trained interviewers, they recorded how often people in the camp suffered flashbacks and nightmares about their wartime experiences. They then compared those results with the α2b-adrenoceptor genes in their volunteers. As predicted, those with the rare version had significantly more flashbacks than those with only the common one. Besides bolstering Dr. de Quervain"s original hypothesis, this result is interesting because only 12% of the refugees had the rarer gene. In Switzerland, by contrast, 30% of the population has the rare variety—and the Swiss are not normally regarded as an emotional people. Whether that result has wider implications remains to be seen. Human genetics has a notorious history of jumping to extravagant conclusions from scant data, but that does not mean conclusions should be ducked if the data are good. In this case, the statistics suggest Rwanda may have been lucky: the long-term mental-health effects of the war may not be as widespread as they would have been in people with a different genetic mix. On the other hand, are those who easily forget the horrors of history condemned to repeat them?
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问答题1.观察和评价一个国家的人权状况,应考虑到该国的历史、社会、经济、文化等条件,不能割断该国的历史、脱离该国的国情,更不能按一个模式或某个国家或区域的情况来简单套用。各国的人权问题主要由各国政府和人民自己来解决,世界的人权问题要由世界各国政府和人民共同参与来解决。 2.当前,国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以来最复杂、最深刻的变化。和平与发展依然是摆在世界各国人民面前的两大课题。和平是发展的前提,发展是和平的保障,在和平的环境中谋求发展已成为国际社会的共同愿望。 3.获得更多知识的唯一途径是通过教育和培训。知识如同资本、物质资源和汗水一样,已经变成了生产的一个必要因素——也许是最基本的因素。因此,一个社会的教育体系应该是能够向以知识为基础的工作迅速转变,否则这个社会就将不可避免地落在后面。
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问答题In his autobiography. Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but 11 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think lone and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. 12 He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. 13 On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good obsever, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree." 14 He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully." Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: "Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music." 15 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness but might possibly be injurious to the intellect and more probably to the moral character.
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问答题他表现出一种令人惊讶的冷漠。
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问答题他点点头,喉头发紧,一句话也说不出来。
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问答题 6 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian"s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process. 7 Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 8 During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodolozies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 9 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of "tunnel method". frequently fall victim to the "technicist fallacy". Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the disciphne as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 10 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.
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问答题中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路。
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问答题2006年,国内生产总值中农业增加值24700亿元,按可比价格计算,增长5.0%,保持平稳增长态势。
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问答题{{B}}人人享有基本医疗卫生服务{{/B}} 2008年,中国民众期待已久的新医改将要启动了。在1月7日召开的全国卫生工作会议上,卫生部部长陈竺表示,2008年的主要任务是选择部分地区,围绕改革重点内容开展试点,为在全国范围深化改革探索经验,以实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标,保证广大群众病有所医。 现阶段国家卫生部的核心工作是建设和完善覆盖城乡居民的公共卫生服务体系、医疗服务体系、医疗保障体系和药品供应保障体系,为城镇和农村居民提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务。 副部长高强在会上提出,要走中国特色社会主义卫生发展道路,盲目引进西方发达国家的卫生发展模式就会发生失误。国务院副总理吴仪还强调,卫生是公益性事业,不能照搬经济领域的经验和做法。 基本医疗卫生制度必须坚持为人民服务的方向,坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质,切断药品销售与医疗机构的经济利益关系,加大政府责任,增加政府投入。关于政府的财政补助,陈竺强调补“供方”,即财政补助公立医疗机构。他强调政府要加大对公共卫生、农村卫生、城市社区卫生的财政投入。 卫生部部长陈竺指出,“到2020年实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务”是卫生工作的重大战略目标。他说,“人人享有”的本质含义是“公平享有”,任何公民,无论年龄、性别、职业、地域、支付能力等,都享有同等权利。人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的一个重要着眼点是促进公平。因此,必须采取切实措施逐步缩小当前在医疗卫生方面存在的地区之间、不同群体之间和城乡之间的差异。
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问答题1.接着该部门必须监控获得信贷的消费者,收回所有到期应收款。这一部门细心的信贷审查以及有效的收款程序能够大量削减代理融资的内在风险。 2.他必须与融资方高级员工进行磋商,改进对融资方的信贷政策,并且全面掌握与信贷、收款以至破产、流动性相关的各种事项。 3.协助信贷经理工作的可以是几名监督人员,他们有自己的信贷责任,同时也监督着信贷专家们对消费定单所进行的分析以及批准。 4.为尽到所有这些职责,每一位监督人员要不断地观察研究与其相关的行业,好让自己能够预见到对他经管的信贷账目产生影响的市场动态。 5.监督人员的主要挑战是在客户提出所有消费定单均获得信贷批准的要求与一些消费者不确定的财务状况之间保持较好的平衡。
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问答题Later when the children came home for the week of Christmas, the house was bright with Christmas colours.
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问答题{{B}}展中欧关系符合双方利益{{/B}} 第六届中国—欧盟领导入峰会于星期四在北京举行会,会议表明中国和欧盟之间的关系正在健康地发展。此次会晤是今年年初新一届中国领导人执政以来双方的首次会面,也是继中国于10月13日首次发表与欧盟关系文件和欧盟于9月10日批准与中国关系新战略之后,双方领导人的首次峰会。 会后,双方领导人承诺要进一步加强合作,并签署了三份协议,以开辟新的合作领域。协议包括“伽利略卫星导航合作协定”以及“中欧旅游目的地国地位谅解备忘录”。 为了进一步加强双边关系,温家宝总理提出四点建议:一、保持高层交往势头;二、深化经贸合作;三、建立有效的合作机制;四、消除影响中欧关系健康发展的障碍。 这表明中国非常重视与欧盟在新世纪全面发展合作关系。这种关系不仅有助于双方的共同繁荣,有助于地区及世界经济的增长,而且还能通过推进多边化进程促进世界和平与稳定。 从1995年首次确定中欧关系长期政策开始,欧盟通过了一系列对华政策文件。如1998年通过的“与中国建立全面伙伴关系”,2001年通过的“欧盟对华战略——1998年文件实施情况及进一步加强欧盟政策的措施”以及今年通过的“一个走向成熟的伙伴关系——中欧关系中的共同利益和面临的挑战”。这些对华政策都为中国与欧盟将来的长期合作打下了基础。 而中国上个月发表的首份与欧盟关系全面政策文件也为进一步推动双边关系做出了重要的贡献。 总之,寻求共同发展并以务实的态度对待双方的分歧是符合中国与欧盟的共同利益的。
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问答题The most gifted students do not necessarily perform best in exams. It counts for more to know how to make the most of one's abilities.
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问答题情感是人们对于某种重大事件或想法产生的感觉或反应。人们都喜欢享受像爱、幸福和满意等情感,也尽量避免去感受像孤独、焦虑和悲痛等情感。 人们通过语言、各种声音、面部表情和手势等来交流自己的情感。比如说,气愤有可能使人皱眉、握拳或者尖叫。虽然遗传可能决定人们在情感上的一些行为表现,但是更多的时候是从社会其他成员那里学会了表达情感的方式。研究表明,那些被隔离的不同人群在表达情感的时候有着相似的面部表情。 以自然选择理论闻名的克莱尔·达尔文也研究情感。1872年,达尔文提出,情感的行为最初是为了生存需要和交流。根据詹姆斯·兰格于19世纪80年代提出的情感理论,一个人体内对心跳加速和血压升高这些生理变化作出反应,并且只有在意识到这些变化的时候,才会有不同情感的产生。但是这个理论在另一个研究中——在一只神经受损的猫身上所进行的研究——没有得到支持。猫感觉不到内在的变化,但是它的行为很正常。一个名叫约翰·沃森的美国心理学家发现了叫作行动主义的心理学派。他观察到被某事所刺激的婴儿会表现出三种基本情感——害怕、生气和喜欢。1919年,沃森提出了这个观点,此后,它经常遭到挑战。 最被广泛接受的观点就是情感伴随着一系列复杂事件一起发生。当一个人遇到重大的事情或想法的时候,这一些复杂的反应就开始了。那么一个人对这些事情或想法的解释决定了他在随后会有什么样的情感。例如,在树林里遇到熊的人可能会把这个事件理解为危险,危险的感觉会让这个人感觉恐惧。每种感觉都会伴随着生理变化和采取行动的欲望,这就是对引发先后顺序的事件的反应。因此,遇到熊的人可能会逃走。 一些神经学家进一步独立地发展了这种理论,认为人至少有8种情感。分别是:生气、害怕、高兴、伤心、赞同、厌恶、惊讶以及兴趣或好奇。它们能够在不同程度的情感中存在。然后这些情感相互结合就会产生其他情感,好比在绘画中,由几种特定的原料相互搭配可以产生其他色调一样。
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问答题Details of their discussion will not emerge until after the two prime ministers meet Saturday.
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问答题{{B}}Oxford{{/B}} When language learners arrive in Oxford, many ask where the university is, thinking that they will be shown just one building. It's up to their teachers to explain that Oxford university is made up of a collection of many different colleges and institutions, each with its own history and characteristics. There are many other surprises that learners discover about the city and its university. Katie Jennings is a social organizer at King's St Joseph's Hall in East Oxford, and it is her job to organize activities for learners outside of lesson time. She says many learners are surprised to discover that Oxford is a home to a wide variety of nationalities and ethnic groups, and one of the most popular social events is a night out at one of the town's Latin American dance clubs. After a day spent learning English and absorbing the ancient atmosphere of the university, learners can samba the night away. The city also has a thriving Asian community, and the sight of women in saris is as common in Oxford's streets as academics in gowns and mortarboards. There is also a mouth-watering selection of Asian restaurants serving curries, as well as shops stocked with exotic vegetables and fruits. The city has attracted such a diverse population not only because of the university, but also because it is an important industrial centre which is known for car manufacturing among other things. In spite of large industrial areas, the old of the city centre has remained surprisingly intact. Carmel Engin, who teaches at the Lake School, says many learners are surprised to find that the city is free from the usual high-rise modem buildings. "From the centre of Oxford, you can see green hills in the distance, and this will make learners deeply feel that they are in a small, friendly town, but not just another modem metropolis. Some learners will be tempted to explore those green hills—Oxford is surrounded by some of the most beautiful countryside in southem England—but, as Engin admits, with so much to do and see in the city, few learners find the time to explore its surroundings. Oxford has developed some imaginative initiatives for language learners. One is a local radio station which broadcasts news and provides information for learners. They can visit the station to get experience in radio production. Or they can meet university students in pubs and clubs or at one of the many campus sports facilities which are open to language learners.
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