单选题According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation?

单选题The Federal Government联邦政府 The ConstitutionWhen America broke away from Britain in 1775, she did not adopt a British Constitution. The British have always had an unwritten constitution, whereas every item of the American Constitution is clearly written down and numbered, and can only be changed by a two-thirds majority vote of Congress. Yet in their different ways, the American and British forms of government did have one thing in common. They were both democratiC．As for American society, it was more democratic than British society, in that it paid less attention to class or wealth. Political Parties There are two major political parties in the USA, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The policies of the two parties are not basically opposed to one another. Inside both parties there moderates and right-wringers, though the Democrats still have the reputation of being somewhat more liberal than the Republicans. Voters are influenced by family traditions, but there are plenty of ordinary people who vote according to their hopes, fears and beliefs. There are no other political parties that can compete with the two big parties, though there are occasionally independents who stand for the presidency and manage to collect quite a few votes. There are no left-wing parties. Most Americans are in favor of free enterprise, believing that it may one day help them fulfill the American Dream. The President and Congress The President of the USA has more power than any other president in the democratic world- except the French President. It is he who formulates foreign policy and prepares laws for the home front. He is leader of the nation and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. He represents the USA and, since the USA is a super power, the eyes of the whole world are on him. The fate of the world is in his hands, or so many people believe, and one careless, ill-prepared speech by him could precipitate a crises. Actually, a great deal of the President's power is controlled by Congress, the American name for "parliament". It is Congress that declares war, not the President. Unlike the Prime Minister of Great Britain, or of Germany, he can make a treaty with a foreign power. But this treaty must be debated and agreed by Congress before it comes into force. The same control applies to laws at home. Congress has (on several occasions) refused to ratify treaties or given approval to laws proposed by the President. The USA is the only country, apart from France, where a president can rule with a parliament, the majority of whose members do not belong to his own political party. Some Americans have the feeling that idealism has gone out of politics and that personal ambition and money have taken its place. The election campaign fro the Presidency is unique in the amount of money poured into it. The wooing of voters lasts for months. But before the campaign for the election of the President can begin, each political party has to choose its candidate for the Presidency. This can lead to some very close contests. Men aspiring to be elected as the party candidate employ top public relations and advertising men, who invent clever catch phrases and set about "selling" their man. There are whistle stop tours by train, by plane, by car. The candidate delivers countless speeches and shakes countless hands. This razzamatazz typifies American enthusiasm and extravagance. Big money is necessary to support a presidential candidate's campaign and the candidate himself must be rich enough to pay his share. An attractive wife is an advantage, too. Money is also needed to become the Governor of a state, or a successful Senator, or member of the House of Representatives. Yet from this small group many excellent men have become President, and the same is true of members of Congress. It is very unlikely that the President could ever become a dictator. Congress, the press and the people between them rule out such a possibility. The Supreme Court Perhaps the most effective safeguard of democracy is the Supreme Court, for one of its objects is to protect the individual against the government. It has the authority to cancel a law which it considers violates the Constitution. The Court sits for at least four days a week and any individual who has a grievance against the government can apply to it for help. The Supreme Court goes way back to 1787, the days of the Founding Fathers, and is one of the cornerstones of American democracy. It gives judgement in disputes between States, or between a State and the Federal Government, and without invitation can declare a law made by Congress to be unconstitutional. The great Jefferson, who drew up the Declaration of Independence, saw to it, too, that there was a Bill of Rights which every American could thrust under the nose of anyone who tries to rob him of his freedom as a democratic citizen.

单选题______ many other countries, the United States has developed into a modern country in a relatively short time.

单选题There are some important safety rules that must follow in case of an emergency or a sudden illness.

单选题______does an individual find himself sought by both parties as their presidential candidate, as did General Eisenhower. A．Not only B．Sometimes C．Rarely D．If

单选题The traffic police stopped three trucks heavily {{U}}loading with{{/U}} merchandise that looked as grain bags.

单选题Whenever the government increases public services, ______ because more workers are needed to carry out these services. A. employment to rise B. employment rises C. which rising employment D. the rise of employment

单选题ssing the last bus, we had no choice but ______ a taxi home.

单选题Men and women______equal wages for equal jobs in China．

单选题Don't be late. I hate {{U}}to be{{/U}} waiting for a long time.

单选题Aspirin is one of the safest and most effective drugs invented by man. The most popular medicine in the world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its bad effects are relatively mild. It is also cheap. For millions of people suffering from arthritis, it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also the second largest suicide drug and is the leading cause of poisoning among children. It has side effects that, although relatively mild, are largely unrecognized among users. Although aspirin was first sold by a German company in 1899, it has been around much longer than that. Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of tree barks and leaves which today are known to contain a chemical found in aspirin. During the 19th century. there was a great deal of experimentation in Europe with this chemical, and it led to the introduction of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were available in the United States. A small quantity of aspirin relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces fever by affecting some of the body's reactions. Aspirin is very irritating to the stomach lining. The best way is to chew the tablets before swallowing them with water, but few people can stand the bitter taste. Some people suggest crashing the tablets in milk or orange juice.

单选题Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them______ in the past. A．was not taken B．were not taken C．didn't take D．haven't taken

单选题Yellowstone National Park, ______ in 1873, is the first national park in the world.

单选题In our own galaxy, the Milky Way, there are perhaps 200 billion stars, {{U}}a small part of them{{/U}} probably have planets on which life is feasible.

单选题{{U}}Scarcely{{/U}} had the van turned the comer than the mirror came off.

单选题By ______ computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him $2,000. A. coarse B. rude C. crude D. rough

单选题Jupiter ______ perhaps the most important planet of the solar system.

单选题Our readers are comfortable with our clear, ______ words that inform and entertain them. A. conventional B. concise C. creative D. crucial

单选题 Questions 6-10 are based on the following passage. The term control is highly—and unjustifiably—unpopular. Some of its unpopularity can be traced to educational and philosophical writings that have addressed issues of freedom, self- determination, self-worth, individuality, and other humanistic concerns—concerns often equated with liberal and permissive child-rearing and educational methods. They are the concerns that define the spirit of these times. No teacher wants to be nonliberal and restrictive. And there is little doubt that the deliberate exercise of control is restrictive. Is control therefore unethical? There is, of course, no simple answer, ff there were, there would be little controversy, and behaviorists and humanists would have much less to disagree about. Consider, first, that control is not only inevitable but also necessary. There is no doubt that teachers, by virtue of their position and by virtue of their duties, have control. Indeed, it is not at all unreasonable to insist that the exercise of control is one of the teacher's most important duties. We are not speaking here of a fear-enforced control that might have been characteristic of some of yesterday's schools. Control can be achieved, or at least facilitated, in a variety of gentle ways, some of which can be learned． Parents too control their children (or at least try), often by setting limits for their behavior. Part of the successful socialization process requires that children be prevented from engaging in behaviors that might be injurious to themselves or to others. Thus, parents do not permit their children to play with the dinner as it is cooking on the stove, to insert knives into electrical outlets, to jump off ladders, or to swim in dangerous waters. Less extreme instances of control involve the teaching of socially appropriate behavior, of values and morals—of "shoulds" and "should nots". It is less by accident than by virtue of parental control that children learn not to deface wall, steal other people's property, or kill the neighbor's god． In short, certain standards of behavior are learned at least partly as a function of parental control. Whether that control involves reinforcement, punishment, models, reasoning, or a combination of these and other strategies, we cannot avoid the fact that control is being exercised． The classroom situation is not really very different. Teachers have often been described as acting [in loco parentis]—in the place of parents. More precisely, teachers have been urged to act in all ways as might a wise, judicious, and loving parent. And there is, in fact, no great incompatibility between values held in highest esteem by those who describe themselves as humanistically oriented and the techniques of behavior control that have been described by science. Love, empathy, warmth, genuineness, and honesty can go a long way toward ensuring a classroom climate corducive to and learning and development. In spite of these highly desirable qualities, however, discipline problems are not uncommon in classrooms. That teachers should judiciously administer rewards and punishment in an effort to maintain an effective educational environment does not mean that they care less for their students; indeed, in might well indicate that they care more.

单选题Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year, but ________in winter.