单选题On turning the comer, they saw the path ______ steeply.

单选题The University of California, ______ in 1868, is administrated by a president and governed by a twenty-four-member board of regents.

问答题{{B}}Instruction: Write an essay in {{U}}around 300 English words{{/U}} on the following subject: {{U}}What Is a Good Translator? {{/U}}{{/B}} What are, in your opinion, the 3 basic qualifications a good translator should have? Give your reasons. Your essay should consist of a lead-in paragraph, a concluding one and the body.

问答题Instruction: Write an essay in around 300 English words on the following subject: What Is a Good Translator? What are, in your opinion, the 3 basic qualifications a good translator should have? Give your reasons. Your essay should consist of a lead-in paragraph, a concluding one and the body.

{{B}}Passage Two {{/B}} Meet the Bauls 遇见鲍尔人 Most Westerners, if they know the Bauls at all, remember the non sequitur of a couple of members of this Bengali sect standing next to Bob Dylan on the cover of Dylan's milestone album "John Wesley Harding. " The story goes that Dylan was depressed, and his foster-father/ manager, Albert Grossman, arranged for the seer-singers to visit Woodstock to cheer up our poet laureate. Apocryphal? I would agree, if my introduction to the Bauls weren't remarkably similar. I'd gone to India as a recent recruit of The Dharma Bums, a group that had been invited to play the World Festival of Sacred Music in May. Unaccustomed to international travel, I got to the concert site in Bangalore dazed, sick, and terrified． I came thoroughly awake at sound check. It's fear that does it. Peering out at 800 empty seats at the local college auditorium, fighting with squealing mikes, a smattering of hangers-on understandably unimpressed with the wretched sounds coming from our throats. When the concert began, I settled in to my seat to suffer the humiliation of watching a whole show of spiritually advanced musicians make contact with a highest being—before we came out and sucked． Then four men dressed in flowing golden-orange gowns sauntered onstage, smiling. They sat, acknowledging applause. The oldest and straightest was blind． The Bauls call themselves spiritual anarchists because they declare themselves to be Hindus and true Moslems—acknowledging no contradiction. Their home base is Calcutta, the Indian city famous for its "black hole ," where everything is cut to the bone, spirituality included． Seven months a year, the Bauls wander as musician mendicants, accepting alms for song. The remainder of the year, they return to their families and resume their "day job" of walking the cars of the hell-trains of Calcutta, performing their bloodless open-heart surgery for half-rupees and blessings. The first of the four—the wasted remains of a handsome man—stood, commencing to wail and slowly, on bell-jangling feet, to dance. At the end of a long, thin arm he thumbed a one- stringed harp's single note, his voice so filled with moumful joy that tears instantaneously began to splash my cheek. He seemed to cry out: "All you see before you is yours Lord, do with me what you will. " A single tooth flashed against the scarlet hole of this mouth, ecstasy-laced red eyes pinched shut, then opened again to pilot bare feet to a resting place. As he sat, we rained applause. A smaller, more powerful black swan of a man stands. His voice, unlike his comrade's, is virile and revved up to matinee-idol pitch. The black swan plucks out a wobbling volley, then points his pick hand straight at a member of the audience. What proceeds is a wedding of power and passion as might have caused Otis Redding to reconsider his singing career. Our applause is thunderous. He makes the prayer sign at chest, and sits. Up rises Oedipus at Colonnus, his eyes shameless wounds, never to heal; the fourth Baul, a young drummer, takes the elbow of this guru he walks beside every day, his master now singing and smiling. With each step, the blind man comments with even greater vigor at another even more extraordinary development in this, his dialogue with GoD．The guide prods him to the edge of the stage; once there, Oedipus raises both his hands and commences to crow for joy, connecting with such power as we, the audience, cry out to tell him where we are and to thank him, almost as a lover cries in gratitude. Hearing this, he redoubles his effort. At the very edge of the huge stage, the other three are bent, whipping up a small storm of accompaniment. Oedipus suddenly twists his head halfway between heaven and earth, and straight into the hot stage lights he peers as three shrill notes shoot from his small, misshapen mouth, making it all stop. He is with God already; what remains here with us is merely a witness to the beyond． What else matters? Certainly not our performance. My only ambition at present is to be nearer the Bauls.

{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} Chinese Buddhist Music Catches Audience in HK 中华佛教音乐吸引香港听众 The Hong Kong Cultural Center in Victoria Bay was packed on Thursday night, and loud applause periodically echoed through the neon lit sky. It was not rock music nor was it pop—it was traditional Chinese Buddhist music that made an instant hit in the modern metropolis. Hong Kong is the fourth leg of the Buddhist music performance tour by a troupe consisting of more than 130 monks from the Chinese mainland and Taiwan. And this is also the first time monks from across the Taiwan Strait had jointly set up a troupe to perform, on global stages. Crowds of Hong King residents were lining up at the local port waiting to welcome members of the troupe who were sailing in from Macao, where they had just ended another successful performance on Wednesday night. The monks returned the enthusiasm of the residents with a powerful performance. Almost without sleep, the monks drove to the concert hall preparing the stage and doing the rehearsals. Buddhist music, which originated from ancient India, found its way into China some 2,000 years ago, and after absorbing elements of traditional Chinese folk music, court music and other religious music, a unique form which is now called Chinese Buddhist music came into being. The monks of the troupe come from prestigious Buddhist temples including Fo Guang Shah Temple in Taiwan, Shaolin Temple in central Henan Province, Labrang Temple in northwestern Gansu Province, and General Temple in southwestern Yunnan Province, representing the three branches of Buddhism in China, namely Chinese Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Pali Buddhism. The wind sweeping across the Victoria Bay was cool, but the atmosphere in the concert hall was hot. The audience was mesmerized by the great variety of genres of Chinese Buddhist music． "It's great to see so many genres of Chinese Buddhist music performed on the same stage," said a female bank employee surnamed Chang, "It's so fascinating," she said． Calling it a happy event in Hong Kong, the Venerable Kwok Kuang, president of the Hong Kong Buddhist Association, said that the concert served as a prelude to the display, in Hong Kong on May 26, of a relic from Famen Temple preserved in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province. He said that Buddhism and Buddhist music in the Chinese mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong had the same roots, and through the performance by monks from across the Taiwan Strait, the traditional religious art would be further developed and bring more happiness to the Chinese. Co-sponsored by the Chinese Buddhism Association of China and Fo Guang Shan Temple in Taiwan, the troupe was formed in February this year and has since staged four successful performances in Taiwan and Macao, and will move on to Los Angeles and San Francisco in the US and Vancouver of Canada from Friday. Hailing the joint performance as a major event in the history of Buddhism, Hsin Ting, deputy chief of the troupe and abbot of Fo Guang Shan, said that both the monks and the support staff had been working together very harmoniously ever since the formation of the troupe, indicating their inherited strong ties. "I hope the troupe's tour to North America will help the world community better understand Chinese traditional culture, especially the harmonious relationships among the people across the Taiwan Strait," he said．

{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} What We Do 我们做的事情 The Humour Foundation is a national charity established in 1997 to promote the health benefits of humour. Clown Doctors are the core project, and children are the focus. Clown Doctor programs are established in all major children's hospitals around Australia and some general hospitals and hospices. Clowns have also visited east Timor and Afghanistan. LaughterWorks provides speakers and workshop presenters on humour and health to the health and welfare sector. International research has demonstrated the health benefits of humour. Clown Doctors attend to the psycho-social needs of the hospitalised chilD．They parody the hospital routine to help children adapt to hospital. Clown Doctors distract children during painful or frightening procedures. They dispense doses of fun and laughter and help children forget for a moment that they are ill. Everyone benefits—patients, families and staff. Clown Doctors are highly skilled professionals that work in partnership with health professionals. The Humour Foundation's core project is , touching the lives of over 85,000 people every year. The focus is children's hospitals, and Clown Doctors are now part of hospital life in all major children's hospitals around AustraliA． "I am writing to thank you with all my heart for the fun, cheer and brightness you brought to me when I was in hospital for open heart surgery...I am thirty-seven years of age but felt just as excited as the kids no doubt are to see you.It was a terrific morale booster!" Children are our focus, but adult patients benefit too. Humour is built around each person's interests and responses and participation is encourageD．Adults have just as much fun as the kids! Clown Doctors also play a role in palliative care. The aim is to provide ways of dealing with death, and paradoxically people frequently share their feelings. Clown Doctors take risks in balancing lightness with the profounD．Caring clowning can speak the language of the heart and bring a sense of profound connection and consolation. Doses of humour can help relieve stress, improve health and well-being. Laughter that is based on caring and empathy also creates bonds between people, is nourishing, helps develop resilience and helps people cope with difficult situations. By developing strategies to bring more laughter into your life, you can improve your focus and effectiveness, enhance your communication and creative problem solving and strengthen your relationships and overall health. Put more laughter in your life, for Aristotle once said, "Laughter is a bodily exercise precious to health. " Smile often Laugh every day Laugh at yourself and at life Lighten up-be playful and have fun Tickle your funny bone and seek out opportunities to laugh You don't have to be funny, just have fun Develop a humorous perspective and look for the funny side Use humour as a tool, not a weapon The Humour Foundation is a charity dedicated to promoting the health benefits of humour. International research has found psychological and physiological advantages from doses of humour. Humour is an effective coping strategy. It can relieve fear and stress and aid recovery.

{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} Bringing More Humor and Laughter into Our Lives 在生活中带进更多的幽默和笑声 The sound of roaring laughter is far more contagious than any cough, sniffle, or sneeze. Humor and laughter can cause a domino effect of joy and amusement, as well as set off a number of positive physical effects. Humor and laughter strengthen our immune systems and help us recover from illness, as well as bring joy into our lives. The question is: how do we gain access to this priceless medicine? A good hearty laugh can help reduce stress lower blood pressure elevate mood boost immune system improve brain functioning protect the heart connect you to others foster instant relaxation make you feel good Humor is a powerful emotional medicine that can lower stress, dissolve anger and unite families in troubled times. Mood is elevated by striving to find humor in difficult and frustrating situations. Laugh at yourselves and the situation helps reveal that small things are not the earth- shaking events they sometimes seem to be. Looking at a problem from a different perspective can make it seem less formidable and provide opportunities for greater objectivity and insight. Humor also helps us avoid loneliness by connecting with others who are attracted to genuine cheerfulness. And the good feeling that we get when we laugh can remain with us as an internal experience even after the laughter subsides. Mental health professionals point out that humor can also teach perspective by helping patients to see reality rather than the distortion that supports their distress. Humor shifts the ways in which we think, and distress is greatly associated with the way we think. It is not situations that generate our stress, but it is the meaning we place on the situations. Humor adjusts the meaning of an event so that it is not so overwhelming. Here are some additional things we can do to improve our mood, enjoyment of life and mental health. Attempt to laugh at situations rather than bemoan them—this helps improve our disposition and the disposition of those around us. Use cathartic laughter to release pent-up feelings of anger and frustration in socially acceptable ways. Laugh as a means of reducing tension because laughter is often followed by a state of relaxation. Lower anxiety by visualizing a humorous situation to replace the view of an anxiety-producing situation Our work, marriage and family all need humor, celebrations, play and ritual as much as record-keeping and problem-solving. We should ask the questions "Do we laugh together?" as well as "Can we get through this hardship together?" Humor binds us together, lightens our burdens and helps us keep things in perspective. One of the things that saps our energy is the time, focus and effort we put into coping with life's problems including each other's limitations. Our families, our friends and our neighbors are not perfect and neither are our marriages, our kids or our in-laws. When we laugh together, it can bind us closer together instead of pulling us apart. Remember that even in the most difficult of times, a laugh, or even simply a smile, can go a long way in helping us feel better. Laughter is a birthright, a natural part of life. The part of the brain that connects to and facilitates laughter is among the first parts of the nervous system to come on line after birth. Infants begin smiling during the first weeks of life and laugh out loud within months of being born. Even if you did not grow up in a household where laughter was a common sound, you can learn to laugh at any stage of life.

填空题Have the highest marks in his class, he was offered a scholarship by the college.

填空题Commercial banks make most of their income from interest earning on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.

填空题{{B}}B The Culture Debate in the US:Whose Culture Is This ,Anyway?美国的文化辩论：空间是谁的文化？{{/B}} Part of the debate about culture revolves around issues of perspective and ownership. Within a nation such{{U}} (1) {{/U}} the United States—a nation whose cultural heritage includes elements from every corner of the world{{U}} (2) {{/U}}are a great many perspectives coexisting and intertwining in the cultural fabriC．When we all ask{{U}} (3) {{/U}}as individuals, "what belongs to me, to my culture?" we are rewarded with a spectacular variety of{{U}} (4) {{/U}}; in this way, different perspectives and ownership of different cultural traditions enriches everyone. But when we ask " {{U}}(5) {{/U}}belongs to us, to our culture?" we ask a much harder question. Do the people of the{{U}} (6) {{/U}}States, or of any culturally complex human society, necessarily share common cultural elements? If so, who gets{{U}} (7) {{/U}}decide what those elements are? This debate is a crucial one in many cultures throughout the world{{U}} (8) {{/U}}. In the US, the debate promises to impact the way we educate our children—that is,{{U}} (9) {{/U}}manner and shape in which culture reproduces itself—and the way we write our laws. In{{U}} (10) {{/U}} countries, equally crucial issues are at stake. For many people, what is at stake is the character{{U}} (11) {{/U}} US national identity. Hirsch argues that this identity needs to become less culturally fragmented; others, like Walker, {{U}}(12) {{/U}} that the national character gets its strength from cultural diversity, from the freedom (at home and in{{U}} (13) {{/U}}) to celebrate, honor, and reproduce different cultural traditions. Those who take this latter view follow the reasoning{{U}} (14) {{/U}} Shweder, arguing that we need to accept that there are multiple valid cultural perspectives and that two{{U}} (15) {{/U}} perspectives can both be valid even though they might contradict one another. Recognize that the position you{{U}} (16) {{/U}} in this debate about culture—whatever position you take—is a political one with implications{{U}} (17) {{/U}} what we should value, what we should praise, what we should accept, what we should teach. When{{U}} (18) {{/U}} reflect on this debate, when you contribute your own voice to the discussion, try to be{{U}} (19) {{/U}} of the implications that follow from your position. When you listen to the voices of others, try to {{U}}(20) {{/U}} with awareness, deciding for yourself what is at stake and how their positions relate to your own.

填空题Public Education in the United States美国的公立教育 The national system of formal education in the United States developed in the 19 th century. It 21 from educational systems of other Western societies in three fundamental respects. First, Americans were more inclined 22 regard education as a solution to various social problems. Second, because they had this confidence in 23 power of education, Americans provided more years of schooling for a larger percentage of the population 24 other countries. Third, educational institutions were primarily governed by local authorities rather than by federal ones. 25 most notable characteristic of the American education system is the large number of people it serves. 26 2002, 86 percent of Americans between age 25 and 29 had graduated from high school, 58 27 had completed at least some college, and 29 percent had earned at least a bachelor"s degree. 28 access to college education is an important priority for US government. After the American Revolution (1775-1783), the 29 of the United States argued that education was essential for the prosperity and survival 30 the new nation. Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence, proposed that Americans give a 31 priority to a "crusade against ignorance". Jefferson was the first American leader to suggest creating a 32 of free schools for all persons that would be publicly supported through taxes. His plans for 33 educational and for publicly funded schools formed the basis of educational systems developed in the 19th 34 . Until the 1840s American education was not a system at all, but a disjointed collection of 35 , regional, and usually private institutions. The extent of schooling and the type of education available depended 36 the resources and values of the particular town or city, on the activities of religious groups 37 to further their ends through schools and colleges, and on many other private groups—such 38 philanthropic associations and trade organizations—that created different types of schools for different reasons. Most 39 only provided educational opportunities for boys from wealthy families. Public governing bodies were rarely involved in 40 financing or control of schools.

填空题President Bush's push to oust Saddam Hussein (1) power soon became more than a foreign-policy initiative; the (2) and his allies used it as a wedge issue (3) Democrats in the run-up to the 2002 elections. "After 9/11, he (4) a country that said, 'We're ready to follow,'" (5) Rep. Rahm Emanual, D-Ⅲ., a former top aide to President Bill (6) and now a member of the House Democratic leadership. "There (7) so much we could have done. But he said, 'Go shopping', (8) then he divided the nation. " The hyper-political push for (9) cost him the support of Democrats; there would be no (10) big bipartisan successes for him to celebrate, such as his (11) education law, No Child Left BehinD． Republicans stayed with him, (12) , and while they controlled Congress, that was often enough. It (13) him politically potent through the 2002 and 2004 campaigns. But (14) spending programs and other breaks with conservative dogma hurt the (15) standing inside the GOP, and he never really worked the Washingtongame to (16) relationships with members of Congress. In his (17) term, Democrats scuttled Social Security reform even before the president (18) file a bill. Opposition to Bush became their organizing principle—the formula they rode to success in 2006, (19) the botched federal response to Hurricane Katrina and a continuing war left (20) as damaged goods.

填空题Arrernte Language阿兰达语 The Arrernte region is large and traditional, there are many different 1 areas within it, each with their own dialect. Language is strongly 2 with family membership and the relationships to land and Dreamings that 3 with this. Identifying as a speaker of a particular language or 4 can be very important for Arrernte people in a way that 5 beyond just the actual language. It is a way of expressing 6 in a particular family, or association to particular country. The differences 7 dialects, even when they are only small differences, are often very 8 to speakers. The coming together of speakers of different dialects of 9 in Alice Springs, in government and mission settlements, and on cattle 10 , has also resulted in some confusion about the traditional dialect distinctions 11 the area. There have been quite large changes in some dialects 12 older generations to younger, and there are many words that only 13 oldest speakers now know. Arrernte people still know the different family 14 , but it is sometimes less clear which ones a particular word 15 in. From time immemorial—that is, as far back as 16 go—the boundaries of the tribes have been where they 17 now fixed. Within them their ancestors roamed about, hunting and performing 18 ceremonies just as their living descendants do at the present day. 19 has never apparently been the least attempt made by one tribe 20 encroach upon the territory of another.

填空题Sociology is a social science that studies (1) societies, their interactions, and the processes that (2) and change them. It does this by (3) the dynamics of constituent parts of societies (4) as institutions, communities, populations, and gender, racial, (5) age groups. Sociology also studies social status (6) stratification, social movements, and social change, as (7) as societal disorder in the form of (8) , deviance, and revolution. Social life overwhelmingly regulates (9) behaviour of humans, largely because humans lack (10) instincts that guide most animal behaviour. Humans (11) depend on social institutions and organizations to (12) their decisions and actions. Given the important (13) organizations play in influencing human action, it (14) sociology's task to discover how organizations affect (15) behaviour of persons, how they are established, (16) organizations interact with one another, how they (17) , and, ultimately, how they disappear. Among the (18) basic organizational structures are economic, religious, educational, (19) political institutions, as well as more specialized (20) such as the family, the community, the military, peer groups, clubs, and volunteer associations.

填空题Having eaten the cherry pie, I struck several pits and nearly broke a tooth.

填空题In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing the words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing worD．The time for this section is 20 minutes. Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.{{U}} (1) {{/U}}is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has{{U}} (2) {{/U}}language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one{{U}} (3) {{/U}}. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men{{U}} (4) {{/U}}a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people{{U}} (5) {{/U}}cultures are underdeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the{{U}} (6) {{/U}}they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities{{U}} (7) {{/U}}must have been tens of thousands of years in development. This has not{{U}} (8) {{/U}}been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stateD．Popular ideas{{U}} (9) {{/U}}the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians{{U}} (10) {{/U}}in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this{{U}} (11) {{/U}}be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them{{U}} (12) {{/U}}out to be very complicated and very old．They are certainly{{U}} (13) {{/U}}from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are{{U}} (14) {{/U}}more primitive that English and Greek. A third thing we know about language{{U}} (15) {{/U}}that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect{{U}} (16) {{/U}}of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally, we{{U}} (17) {{/U}}that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the{{U}} (18) {{/U}}languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to{{U}} (19) {{/U}}if we look backward in time. Change goes in all aspects of language.{{U}} (20) {{/U}}features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

填空题If keeping in the fridge, the fruit can remain fresh for more than a week.

填空题The boiling-range cuts may vary depended on the type of crude oil and processing scheme to be employed.

填空题{{B}}B The Beatles甲壳虫乐队{{/B}} The English rock music group The Beatles gave the 1960s its characteristic musical flavor and {{U}} (1) {{/U}}a profound influence on the course of popular music, equaled by{{U}} (2) {{/U}}performers. The guitarists John Winston Lennon, James Paul McCartney, and George Harrison; and the drummer Ringo Starr, were all born and{{U}} (3) {{/U}}in Liverpool. Lennon and McCartney had played together in a group called The Quarrymen. With Harrison,{{U}} (4) {{/U}}formed their own group, The Silver Beatles, in 1959, and Starr joined them in 1962. As {{U}} (5) {{/U}}Beatles, they developed a local following in Liverpool clubs, and their first recordings, "Love Me Do" (1962) and "Please Please Me" (1963), quickly made them Britain's top rock group. Their early music was{{U}} (6) {{/U}}by the American rock singers Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley, but they infused a hackneyed musical{{U}} (7) {{/U}}with freshness, vitality, and wit. The release of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" in 1964{{U}} (8) {{/U}}the beginning of the phenomenon known as"Beatlemania" in the United States. The Beatle's first US{{U}} (9) {{/U}}aroused a universal mob adulation. Their concerts were scenes of mass worship, and their records sold{{U}} (10) {{/U}}the millions. Their first film, the innovative A Hard Day's Night(1964), was received enthusiastically{{U}} (11) {{/U}}a wide audience that included many who had never before listened to rock music． Composing their own{{U}} (12) {{/U}}, The Beatles established the precedent for other rock groups to play their own music．Experimenting with{{U}} (13) {{/U}}musical forms, they produced an extraordinary{{U}} (14) {{/U}}of songs: the childishly simple "Yellow Submarine" ; the bitter social commentary of "Eleanor Rigby" ; parodies of earlier pop styles; new electronic sounds; and compositions that were scored for cellos, violins, trumpets, and sitars, as well as for conventional guitars and drums. The{{U}} (15) {{/U}}disbanded in 1970, after the release of their final album, Let It Be, and during the 1970s{{U}} (16) {{/U}}individual careers, On dec.8, 1980, John Lennon {{U}} (17) {{/U}}fatally shot outside his Manhattan apartment by Mark Chapman, a 25-year-old former mental{{U}} (18) {{/U}}who, earlier that same day, had asked Lennon for his{{U}} (19) {{/U}}. Lennon's murder was universally{{U}} (20) {{/U}}with an intensity of feeling usually inspired only by political and spiritual leaders.