填空题 Insurance is the sharing of {{U}}(1) {{/U}}. Nearly everyone is exposed {{U}}(2) {{/U}} risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his {{U}}(3) {{/U}} can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by {{U}}(4) {{/U}} and {{U}}(5) {{/U}} his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a {{U}}(6) {{/U}} stun of money into a pool, there will be enough to {{U}}(7) {{/U}} the needs of the few who do suffer {{U}}(8) {{/U}}. In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the {{U}}(9) {{/U}}. This is the basis of {{U}}(10) {{/U}}. Those who pay the contributions are known as {{U}}(11) {{/U}} and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer. The {{U}}(12) {{/U}} for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested {{U}}(13) {{/U}} past experience. If the companies fix their premiums too {{U}}(14) {{/U}}, there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose {{U}}(15) {{/U}}. On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have {{U}}(16) {{/U}} and may even have to drop out {{U}}(17) {{/U}} business. So the ordinary forces of supply and {{U}}(18) {{/U}} keep premiums at a proper {{U}}(19) {{/U}} to both insurers and those who {{U}}(20) {{/U}} insurance.

填空题Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively (1) with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their (2) : What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I (3) unattractive clothes? It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person (4) affects other people's (5) . In (6) , the way people think about (7) has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. Shy people, having low (8) , are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing "the right thing." Shy people are very (9) to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of (10) . A shy person may respond to a (11) with a statement like this one: "You're just saying that to make me (12) good. I know it's not true." It is clear that, (13) self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful. Can shyness be (14) eliminated, or at (15) reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building (16) . Since (17) goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their (18) as well as their strengths. For example, most people would like to be "A" students in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves (19) because they have difficulty in some areas. People's (20) of themselves must be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to sense of inadequacy.

填空题The material adding to steel increases the metal"s hardness.

填空题Part of the debate about culture revolves around issues of perspective and ownership. Within a nation such (1) the United States—a nation whose cultural heritage includes elements from every corner of the world (2) are a great many perspectives coexisting and intertwining in the cultural fabriC．When we all ask (3) as individuals, "what belongs to me, to my culture?" we are rewarded with a spectacular variety of (4) ; in this way, different perspectives and ownership of different cultural traditions enriches everyone. But when we ask " (5) belongs to us, to our culture?" we ask a much harder question. Do the people of the (6) States, or of any culturally complex human society, necessarily share common cultural elements? If so, who gets (7) decide what those elements are? This debate is a crucial one in many cultures throughout the world (8) . In the US, the debate promises to impact the way we educate our children—that is, (9) manner and shape in which culture reproduces itself—and the way we write our laws. In (10) countries, equally crucial issues are at stake. For many people, what is at stake is the character (11) US national identity. Hirsch argues that this identity needs to become less culturally fragmented; others, like Walker, (12) that the national character gets its strength from cultural diversity, from the freedom (at home and in (13) ) to celebrate, honor, and reproduce different cultural traditions. Those who take this latter view follow the reasoning (14) Shweder, arguing that we need to accept that there are multiple valid cultural perspectives and that two (15) perspectives can both be valid even though they might contradict one another. Recognize that the position you (16) in this debate about culture—whatever position you take—is a political one with implications (17) what we should value, what we should praise, what we should accept, what we should teach. When (18) reflect on this debate, when you contribute your own voice to the discussion, try to be (19) of the implications that follow from your position. When you listen to the voices of others, try to (20) with awareness, deciding for yourself what is at stake and how their positions relate to your own.

填空题 The United States counts its population every ten years, and each census reveals that the racial and ethnic mix is changing dramatically, so by the year 2050, the "average" American will not be descended from {{U}}(1) {{/U}} , but the majority of U. S. residents will trace {{U}}(2) {{/U}} ancestry to Africa, Asia, the Hispanic world, the Pacific Islands, or the Middle East. Once the United States was a microcosm of European nationalities, {{U}}(3) {{/U}} the United States is a microcosm of the world. The United States is {{U}}(4) {{/U}} considered a "melting pot" society by many of its residents. {{U}}(5) {{/U}}, many people prefer the term "salad bowl." They use this {{U}}(6) {{/U}} to describe American society. American society will soon be {{U}}(7) {{/U}} nonwhite. "Melting pot" implies that the different ethnic groups blend together {{U}}(8) {{/U}} one homogeneous {{U}}(9) {{/U}}, "salad bowl" {{U}}(10) {{/U}} that nationalities, like the ingredients in a mixed green salad, retain their cultural {{U}}(11) {{/U}}. Earlier generations of {{U}}(12) {{/U}} believed they had to learn English quickly not only to survive but also for {{U}}(13) {{/U}}. Now, many immigrant groups do not {{U}}(14) {{/U}} the same need. Because there are many places in America {{U}}(15) {{/U}} you can work, shop, get medical care, marry, divorce and die without knowing English. {{U}}(16) {{/U}}, Chinatown in San Francisco and New York. Also, Los Angeles has many Vietnamese immigrants and immigrants from Mexico. {{U}}(17) {{/U}}, many immigrant groups want their children to know their {{U}}(18) {{/U}} culture. Many Hispanics, for instance, want their children to learn {{U}}(19) {{/U}} English and Spanish and study the Spanish language in school. They are fighting for the {{U}}(20) {{/U}} to bilingual education in many communities. In many communities they are in the majority.

填空题Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior. Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires. Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.

填空题{{B}}B Egyptian Villages 埃及村落{{/B}} Most of the inhabitants live in mud-brick homes, their{{U}} (1) {{/U}} walls insulating against the afternoon heat. Flat roofs, exposed{{U}} (2) {{/U}} the northern evening breezes, serve as cool sleeping{{U}} (3) {{/U}} as well as storage areas. Villagers plaster the outer walls{{U}} (4) {{/U}} often trim them in blue, a color they believe{{U}} (5) {{/U}} off the evil eye. As a man becomes richer, {{U}}(6) {{/U}} can add a second story to his house perhaps{{U}} (7) {{/U}} his married son. Those villagers who have made the{{U}} (8) {{/U}} to Mecca paint the legend of their trip on{{U}} (9) {{/U}} outer walls of their homes. Such hajj houses, along{{U}} (10) {{/U}} the mosques, are the most distinguished buildings in a{{U}} (11) {{/U}}. Some villagers build ornate pigeon coops close to their{{U}} (12) {{/U}}, using the birds as food and their droppings to{{U}} (13) {{/U}} crops. Many houses still have dirt floors and lack {{U}}(14) {{/U}} or running water; women with jars balanced on their{{U}} (15) {{/U}} make the trek to the community well, and children donkeys haul the{{U}} (16) {{/U}} liquid in jerry cans. All{{U}} (17) {{/U}} said, government sponsored building programs have also brought newer {{U}}(18) {{/U}} residences and utilities to some villages, particularly those outside{{U}} (19) {{/U}} Nile Valley in the Oases and the Red Sea{{U}} (20) {{/U}} areas.

填空题The average age for women to marry is between 18 and 25.25 tend to (1) when somewhat older. A church wedding often (2) the legal civil ceremony, and a large reception, which often involves (3) music and dancing, is held in the evening. Wedding traditions include (4) money on the bride's dress to represent future prosperity, the groom (5) the bride at her home, and the couple pulling on opposite (6) of a loaf of bread—whoever gets the largest piece will be (7) boss of the family. Honeymoons are a new tradition. The principle (8) mutual support is valued in the Bulgarian family. The elderly are (9) cared for by their adult children. Unmarried adults live with their (10) and many newly married couples live with one set of parents (11) they are able to get housing of their own. Most families (12) urban areas live in apartments, which are in short supply, while (13) in rural areas usually have their own houses. Many village houses (14) owned by families who live in urban areas, who use them_ (15) summer and weekend retreats, or for retired parents. Most families in (16) areas do not have more than two children, while families in (17) areas tend to be larger. Grandparents play an important role in (18) care, particularly in urban areas, where most women work outside the (19) . Men of the younger generation have begun to help with household (20) , once considered only women's responsibility.

填空题Because its leaves remain green long after picking, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.

填空题He spoke at a length about the reforms in his college.

填空题Turkey's Bodrum peninsula is different. The tourist boom in this part of the world (1) turned some small villages into resorts yet left neighbouring beaches undisturbed, making it quite (2) southern France or the Spanish Coasts where few stretches of coastline are undevelopeD． The (3) for this happy set of circumstances is simple. For thousands of years, travel here (4) easier by boat than by lanD．So when mass tourism arrived in the (5) 1980s, there was no coast road for ribbon development to follow. So the peninsula, just (6) hour from Bodrum airport, has not become one long littoral of resort. The building (7) new hotels has mainly been confined to places easily reached by then relatively (8) roads. Such ease of access has made Gumbet, near Bodrum, a busy resort, while the little fishing village of Gumusluk, 12 miles further west and only recently reachable by (9) , remains tranquil and undisturbeD． It's worth thinking carefully about location when planning a family (10) on the peninsulA．Choose a place that is centrally located, preferably out of earshot (11) Bodrum town's "lively"—which means nosy—nightlife, and you can then use (12) area's comfortably small scale to your advantage. Today's new roads mean most places can (13) reached in under an hour by taxi or the ubiquitous dolmus-minibus. The (14) of facilities at the Tamarisk Beach Hotel near the small village of Ortakent makes (15) a good base. The family-run hotel—rooms and suites are in two-storey buildings (16) by palm trees and flowers in terracotta pots—sits above its own sandy (17) beach, shaded by tamarisk trees and sheltered by nearby islands. The hotel is (18) child-friendly, too. Children, from infants up to young teenagers, can take part in a (19) of games and activities that include tuition in windsurfing, dinghy (20) catamaran sailing.

填空题According to historical records，the first (1) Olympic Games can be traced back to 776 BC.They (2) dedicated to the Olympian gods and were staged on the (3) plains of Olympia.They continued for nearly 12 centuries， (4) Emperor Theodosius decreed in 393 A.D.that aU such"pagan cults" (5) banned. The oldest myth which concerns the beginning of the (6) Games is that of Idaios Daktylos Herakles.According to other (7) ，Zeus，the father of humanity，fought and defeated Cronus in a (8) for the throne of the gods.Finally，the well-known (9) Herakles is mentioned who staged games in Olympia in honour (10) Zeus,because the latter had helped him conquer Elis when (11) went to war against Augeas. Through the 12 centuries of (12) Olympic Games，many wonderful athletes competed in the stadium and (13) hippodrome of ancient Olympia's sacred area，moving the crowds with (14) great achievements.Although mortal，their Olympic victories immortalised them.Of (15) best athletes who left their mark on the sacred vallev (16) Olympia，some surpassed all limits and became legends by winning (17) successive Olympic Games and remaining at the forefront of their (18) for more than a decade. The ancient Olympic Games were (19) a one.day event until 684 BC.when they were extended (20) three days.In the 5th century B.C.，the Games were extended again to cover five days.

填空题 Throughout history has {{U}}(1) {{/U}} changed his physical environment in order to improve his {{U}}(2) {{/U}} of life. With the tools of technology he has {{U}}(3) {{/U}} many physical features of the earth. He has {{U}}(4) {{/U}} woodlands and prairies into farms and made lakes and reservoirs {{U}}(5) {{/U}} of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric {{U}}(6) {{/U}}. Man has also modified the face of the earth by {{U}}(7) {{/U}} marshes and cutting through mountains to {{U}}(8) {{/U}} roads and railways. However, man's {{U}}(9) {{/U}} to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, {{U}}(10) {{/U}} of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the {{U}}(11) {{/U}}. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles. {{U}}(12) {{/U}} from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding {{U}}(13) {{/U}} of the countryside. The pollution of water is equally harmful. The whole ecological {{U}}(14) {{/U}} of the sea is being changed and {{U}}(15) {{/U}} wastes have already made many rivers lifeless. Now {{U}}(16) {{/U}} protection is more pressing than ever before. As we know, massive destruction of the environment has brought about {{U}}(17) {{/U}} effects and even poses a great {{U}}(18) {{/U}} to man's existence. Indifference to these problems will mean committing suicide. Therefore, effective {{U}}(19) {{/U}} should be taken and laws passed to {{U}}(20) {{/U}} the environment. Otherwise, man is certain to suffer from the serious consequences caused by this lack of care for his living surroundings.

填空题So many representatives were absent, the conference had to be postponed.

填空题B The Ancient Olympic Games古代奥林匹克运动会 According to historical records，the first{{U}} (1) {{/U}}Olympic Games can be traced back to 776 BC.They{{U}} (2) {{/U}}dedicated to the Olympian gods and were staged on the{{U}} (3) {{/U}}plains of Olympia.They continued for nearly 12 centuries，{{U}} (4) {{/U}}Emperor Theodosius decreed in 393 A.D.that aU such"pagan cults"{{U}} (5) {{/U}}banned. The oldest myth which concerns the beginning of the{{U}} (6) {{/U}}Games is that of Idaios Daktylos Herakles.According to other{{U}} (7) {{/U}}，Zeus，the father of humanity，fought and defeated Cronus in a{{U}} (8) {{/U}}for the throne of the gods.Finally，the well-known{{U}} (9) {{/U}}Herakles is mentioned who staged games in Olympia in honour{{U}} (10) {{/U}}Zeus,because the latter had helped him conquer Elis when{{U}} (11) {{/U}}went to war against Augeas. Through the 12 centuries of{{U}} (12) {{/U}}Olympic Games，many wonderful athletes competed in the stadium and{{U}} (13) {{/U}}hippodrome of ancient Olympia's sacred area，moving the crowds with{{U}} (14) {{/U}}great achievements.Although mortal，their Olympic victories immortalised them.Of{{U}} (15) {{/U}}best athletes who left their mark on the sacred vallev {{U}} (16) {{/U}}Olympia，some surpassed all limits and became legends by winning{{U}} (17) {{/U}}successive Olympic Games and remaining at the forefront of their{{U}} (18) {{/U}}for more than a decade. The ancient Olympic Games were{{U}} (19) {{/U}}a one.day event until 684 BC.when they were extended{{U}} (20) {{/U}}three days.In the 5th century B.C.，the Games were extended again to cover five days.

填空题Closed plane like the square or the equilateral triangle can be grouped into a class is called polygons.

填空题When I tell people that I'm a professor of communication, they often are confused (1) what the term "communication" means. Many people think mass communication is the (2) type of communication, but mass communication is only one form of communication. The study of mass communication focuses on messages that are (3) over (4) such as television, newspapers, and radio. Other areas of (5) focus on the messages individuals send to one another. Some of the major contexts in which communication is studied (6) the interpersonal context, the organizational context, and the intercultural context. A scholar studying (7) communication, for example, might examine how married couples (8) with misunderstandings and the effects these misunderstandings have on (9) satisfaction. Organizational communication scholars, on the other hand, might study (10) the communication styles used by managers and their subordinates influence productivity and efficiency in a company or factory. My area of specialization is intercultural communication. Intercultural communication is an (11) field of study which incorporates research from disciplines (12) as social psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, sociolinguistics, and of course, communication. One of the (13) important areas of research addressed by intercultural scholars is how misunderstandings can be (14) when people communicate with Others from different (15) . To understand the process of intercultural communication, we must study how individuals' cultural backgrounds (16) their communication behaviors. The area of intercultural communication is a relatively new (17) of study even in the United States. While most Chinese students studying communication in the United States (18) on mass communication, there are some who are interested in intercultural communication and plan to return to China to teach and (19) research in this area. The work of these Chinese scholars on intercultural communication is important because it will help improve (20) between Chinese and Americans in the future.

填空题{{B}}A Recent Erymology of the Word "Culture"“文化”一词的新词源{{/B}} Look in an old dictionary—say, a pre-1960 Webster's—and you'll likely find a definition of culture{{U}} (1) {{/U}}looks something like this: "1．The cultivation of soil. 2．The raising, improvement, or development of some plant, animal{{U}} (2) {{/U}}product. " This use of the word has its roots in the ancient Latin word cultura, "cultivation" or "tending," and {{U}}(3) {{/U}}entrance into the English language had begun by the year 1430. By the time the Webster's definition above was{{U}} (4) {{/U}}, another definition had begun to take precedence over the old Latin denotation; culture was coming to mean "the training, {{U}}(5) {{/U}}, and refinement of mind, tastes, and manners" (Oxford English Dictionary). The OED traces this definition, which today we associate{{U}} (6) {{/U}}the phrase "high culture," back as far as 1805; by the middle of the 20th century, it was{{U}} (7) {{/U}}becoming the word's primary definition. However, if you try a more modem source, like the American Heritage English Dictionary, {{U}}(8) {{/U}}find a primary definition of culture which is substantially different than either of the two given above: "The totality{{U}} (9) {{/U}}socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. " Why such a{{U}} (10) {{/U}}, and in such a (relatively) short period of time? Well, in the past 40 years, the use of the{{U}} (11) {{/U}}"culture" has been heavily influenced by the academic fields of sociology and cultural anthropology. These fields have gradually brought{{U}} (12) {{/U}} was once a minor definition of culture (the last of eight definitions given in the old 1958 Webster's quoted{{U}} (13) {{/U}}) into the mainstream. It is easy to imagine how the US society which was so focused on "socially transmitted {{U}}(14) {{/U}} patterns" in the sixties would come to need a word to describe the object of its interest. The civil{{U}} (15) {{/U}} movement during this era brought everyone's attention to bear on cultural differences within US society, while the Vietnam War{{U}} (16) {{/U}} to emphasize the position of the US culture in relation to other world cultures. Over time, these new uses{{U}} (17) {{/U}} the word culture have eclipsed its older meanings, those associated with cultivation of the land and the production of{{U}} (18) {{/U}}. You might say that an aspect of US culture over the past 40 years is its fascination with the{{U}} (19) {{/U}} of culture itself—a fascination which has brought about many changes in the way we speak and the {{U}}(20) {{/U}} of words which we commonly use.

填空题{{B}}A Bush's Legacy (Ⅰ)布什的遗产(Ⅰ){{/B}} President Bush arrived in Washington and forged ahead with an ambitious agenda-{{U}} (1) {{/U}}tax cuts, vast changes in federal social programs, expansions of executive power and{{U}} (2) {{/U}}broad remaking of energy and education policies. Claiming a mandate by simply declaring{{U}} (3) {{/U}}existence, his early successes dazzled his critics. With guru Karl Rove directing the{{U}} (4) {{/U}}, Bush won a stunning series of political victories. He muscled his agenda through{{U}} (5) {{/U}}friendly Congress, and gained seats for his party in the 2002 midterm elections.{{U}} (6) {{/U}}biggest triumph came in 2004, when he won a second term despite a{{U}} (7) {{/U}}unpopular war. The "permanent" Republican majority he and Rove envisioned even seemed attainable{{U}} (8) {{/U}}Bush plunged himself into his most ambitious legislative effort yet: a partial privatization {{U}}(9) {{/U}}Social Security. But the president who boasted about "political capital" in the heady{{U}} (10) {{/U}}after his re-election now faces the worst of political fates as he enters{{U}} (11) {{/U}}final year in office: borderline irrelevance. The president's second term has{{U}} (12) {{/U}}defined by legislative paralysis, marked by record-low approval ratings, presidential candidates who are{{U}} (13) {{/U}}from his shadow, and a lingering war that's sapping his remaining reservoirs of{{U}} (14) {{/U}}. As he enters his final year in office with the war continuing, Republican{{U}} (15) {{/U}}for president bolting from his shadow, and his party back in the minority{{U}} (16) {{/U}}Congress, he is politically weakened, an early entry into lame-duck status. And the{{U}} (17) {{/U}}Washington atmosphere he hoped to cure is just as nasty as it was{{U}} (18) {{/U}}he came to office seven years ago. "lie's left our political institutions much{{U}} (19) {{/U}}troubled than they were before," said Thomas E. Mann, a senior fellow at{{U}} (20) {{/U}}Brookings Institution, a Washington-based think tank. "He didn't create the ideological polarization, but he magnified it. "

填空题 It is clear that we are rapidly becoming a global culture. New forms of information technology, intercontinental travel, and the complex nature of economics are all elements in such a change. Japan, an ancient{{U}} (1) {{/U}}culture, now dominates the West economically while its own traditional{{U}} (2) {{/U}}is rapidly becoming{{U}} (3) {{/U}}in the process. It does not take a great deal of analysis to see the vast interchanges of cultural influences in the world today. The thirst for{{U}} (4) {{/U}}fashions, popular music, and the other elements of consumer culture{{U}} (5) {{/U}}great inroads in non-Western lands while the West seeks out everything from the religious traditions of the Ease{{U}} (6) {{/U}}the art and music these countries produce. In the field of{{U}} (7) {{/U}}, to cite one conspicuous example, contemporary readers seek books{{U}} (8) {{/U}}those of the West. Latin American authors, as well as those from Africa, Asia, and India, now find appreciative audiences. A{{U}} (9) {{/U}}culture does not mean a unitary or "one world" culture. It does mean that people are increasingly aware of the diversity of culture. World events enter our living rooms so that things that may once have been{{U}} (10) {{/U}}of as distant{{U}} (11) {{/U}}now greet us immediately and in color. We may watch those events on a television made in Japan while wearing clothes sewn in Thailand and shoes made in Hungary while snacking{{U}} (12) {{/U}}food grown in Mexico. Such an economic interdependence reflects the reality of a global banking system, the globalization of the economy, and the increasing{{U}} (13) {{/U}}of information and information technologies. {{U}} (14) {{/U}}has this shrinking of distances (and attitudes) become more clear than in the academic debates over what constitutes a liberal{{U}} (15) {{/U}}education today. Is it possible (or desirable) to have the Western core of humanities{{U}} (16) {{/U}}the center-piece of a curriculum? The place of non-Western and non-traditional cultures as part of the general{{U}} (17) {{/U}}of a student is hotly argued in educational circles. The very fact of that discussion{{U}} (18) {{/U}}to the emergence of a global consciousness with a continued shrinking of parochial attitudes. The{{U}} (19) {{/U}}that such globalization is hotly debated only emphasizes the profound nature of the{{U}} (20) {{/U}}taking place in our culture.