填空题Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results (1) motivated behavior. Motivation can be either positive or negative (2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, (3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away (4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives (5) needs, wants or desires, (6) negative drives as fears or aversions. (7) , though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically (8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in (9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior. (10) this reason, researchers often refer (11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires. Goals, (12) , can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is (14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to (15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain (16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and (17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin (18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams. (19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal -- attractiveness; in the (20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal -- wrinkled skin.

填空题{{B}}A How to Use a Painting Knife 使用画刀的方法{{/B}} Painting with a knife is a bit like putting butter on bread and produces quite a{{U}} (1) {{/U}}result to a brush. Painting knives are excellent for producing textured, impasto work and{{U}} (2) {{/U}}areas of flat colour. What's the difference between a palette knife and a painting knife? A palette knife is a long, straight spatula that is used{{U}} (3) {{/U}}mixing paints and scraping a palette clean. They're made from metal, plastic, or wood and{{U}} (4) {{/U}}either be completely straight or have a slightly bent handle. A painting knife has{{U}} (5) {{/U}}large crank in the handle, which takes your hand away from the painting surface. They{{U}} (6) {{/U}}in numerous shapes(for example pear-, diamond-, or trowel-shaped) and are used for painting{{U}} (7) {{/U}}of a brush. The edge of the knife is blunt, so that it doesn't cut the{{U}} (8) {{/U}}. ·What shape of painting knife should I use? Different shaped painting knives produce different effects. For example, a short blade produces angular strokes{{U}} (9) {{/U}}a long blade makes it easy to put down sweeps of colour. ·Why can't I use a palette knife to paint with? You can. Painting{{U}} (10) {{/U}}just have the advantage of coming in more angular shapes and with sharper points. And{{U}} (11) {{/U}}larger crank in the handle means there's less chance of rubbing your knuckles into wet{{U}} (12) {{/U}}. If you're unsure whether you're going to enjoy painting with a knife, first buy a{{U}} (13) {{/U}}, plastic palette knife and experiment a bit with this before upgrading to a wood-and-metal knife. ·How do I use painting knife? {{U}} (14) {{/U}}the handle firmly so you're got good control. Pick up some paint off your palette{{U}} (15) {{/U}}the tip, as you'd pick up some butter with a knife. Use the side of the{{U}} (16) {{/U}}to spread paint across your canvas, or press it onto the canvas, as you{{U}} (17) {{/U}}spread butter across a slice of bread．It'll seem strange at first as it's quite{{U}} (18) {{/U}}to using a brush. Using just the tip of the blade will produce small dots.{{U}} (19) {{/U}}the edge of the knife down will produce fine lines. Pressing the blade flat down{{U}} (20) {{/U}}the paint will produce ridges. Scrape back into the paint to reveal underlying layers (called sgraffito).

填空题 Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results {{U}}(1) {{/U}} motivated behavior. Motivation can be either positive or negative {{U}}(2) {{/U}} direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, {{U}}(3) {{/U}} a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away {{U}}(4) {{/U}} an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives {{U}}(5) {{/U}} needs, wants or desires, {{U}}(6) {{/U}} negative drives as fears or aversions {{U}}(7) {{/U}}, though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically {{U}}(8) {{/U}} terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in {{U}}(9) {{/U}} they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior. {{U}}(10) {{/U}} this reason, researchers often refer {{U}}(11) {{/U}} both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires. Goals, {{U}}(12) {{/U}}, can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward {{U}}(13) {{/U}} behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is {{U}}(14) {{/U}} from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to {{U}}(15) {{/U}} types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain {{U}}(16) {{/U}} attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and {{U}}(17) {{/U}} she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin {{U}}(18) {{/U}} aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams. {{U}}(19) {{/U}} the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal -- attractiveness; in the {{U}}(20) {{/U}} case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal -- wrinkled skin.

填空题 Statistics from China {{U}}(1) {{/U}} be mind boggling: 1.2 billion {{U}}(2) {{/U}} , 1.73 trillion cigarettes smoked in a year, 7,000 different {{U}}(3) {{/U}} of woody plants. But amid all of these staggering sums, one factoid stands {{U}}(4) {{/U}} for both its audacious size and for what it says about China's future: there are 630 million Chinese under the age of 24. That's a lot of {{U}}(5) {{/U}} energy to burn. Materialism may be the {{U}}(6) {{/U}} preoccupation among China's young people these days, but just beneath the surface lies a feeling {{U}}(7) {{/U}} wounded nationalist pride and an ever-deepening spiritual hunger. It isn't clear where China's young people are headed. But this is a generation that, by its {{U}}(8) {{/U}} size and certain talents, will {{U}}(9) {{/U}} the world's destiny. Here's another sobering statistic: this is Terry McCarthy's 22nd, and final, cover {{U}}(10) {{/U}} for TIME Asia-he's leaving the region {{U}}(11) {{/U}} three years to become TIME's Los Angeles {{U}}(12) {{/U}} chief. McCarthy, who has indefatigably crisscrossed Asia out of his twin bases of Hong Kong and Shanghai, was the main driver {{U}}(13) {{/U}} this week's superb special report on young China. He developed the story list, guided much {{U}}(14) {{/U}} the reportingand wrote some of the articles. All {{U}}(15) {{/U}} planning a swank black-tie masked ball last weekend in Shanghai. "I was {{U}}(16) {{/U}} by the willingness of individual Chinese to write for us or talk about their {{U}}(17) {{/U}} ," McCarthy says about the special {{U}}(18) {{/U}} . "These are the guys {{U}}(19) {{/U}} are going to be running the country in 20 {{U}}(20) {{/U}} ." If we're lucky, McCarthy will be back in the region long before then.

填空题Several newspapers are on trail of some corrupt politicians.

填空题They were pushed into the battle unpreparing.

填空题In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing the words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word． The time for this section is 20 minutes. Where do you really come from? And how did you get {{U}}(1) {{/U}} where you live today? DNA studies suggest that all humans today {{U}}(2) {{/U}} from a group of African ancestors who—about 60,000 years ago—{{U}} (3) {{/U}} a remarkable journey. The Genographic Project is seeking to chart new {{U}}(4) {{/U}} about the migratory history of the human species by {{U}}(5) {{/U}} sophisticated laboratory and computer analysis of DNA contributed by hundreds of {{U}}(6) {{/U}} of people from around the world． In this unprecedented and real-time {{U}}(7) {{/U}} effort, the Genographic Project is closing the gaps of what science {{U}}(8) {{/U}} today about mankind's ancient migration stories. The Genographic Project is a five-year {{U}}(9) {{/U}} partnership led by National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Dr. Spencer Wells. Dr. {{U}}(10) {{/U}} and a team of renowned international scientists and IBM researchers, are {{U}}(11) {{/U}} cutting-edge genetic and computational technologies to analyze historical patterns in DNA {{U}}(12) {{/U}} participants around the world to better understand our human genetic roots.{{U}} (13) {{/U}} three components of the project are: to gather field research data {{U}}(14) {{/U}} collaboration with indigenous and traditional peoples around the world; to invite {{U}}(15) {{/U}} general public to join the project by purchasing a Genographic Project Public Participation Kit;{{U}} (16) {{/U}} to use proceeds from Genographic Public Participation Kit sales to further {{U}}(17) {{/U}} research and the Genographic Legacy Fund which in {{U}}(18) {{/U}} supports indigenous conservation and revitalization projects. The Project is anonymous, non-medical, {{U}}(19) {{/U}}, non-profit and non-commercial and all results will be placed in the {{U}}(20) {{/U}} domain following scientific peer publication.

填空题What a fine weather we are having!

填空题Long Island, an island that forms the southeastern part of New York, has greater population than before.

填空题Objects which fall freely in a vacuum have same rate of speed regardless of differences in size and weight.

填空题 Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively{{U}} (1) {{/U}}with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their{{U}} (2) {{/U}}: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I{{U}} (3) {{/U}}unattractive clothes? It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person{{U}} (4) {{/U}}affects other people's{{U}} (5) {{/U}}. In{{U}} (6) {{/U}}, the way people think about{{U}} (7) {{/U}}has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. Shy people, having low{{U}} (8) {{/U}}, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing "the right thing." Shy people are very{{U}} (9) {{/U}}to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of{{U}} (10) {{/U}}. A shy person may respond to a{{U}} (11) {{/U}}with a statement like this one: "You're just saying that to make me{{U}} (12) {{/U}}good. I know it's not true." It is clear that,{{U}} (13) {{/U}}self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful. Can shyness be{{U}} (14) {{/U}}eliminated, or at{{U}} (15) {{/U}}reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building{{U}} (16) {{/U}}. Since{{U}} (17) {{/U}}goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their{{U}} (18) {{/U}}as well as their strengths. For example, most people would like to be "A" students in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves{{U}} (19) {{/U}}because they have difficulty in some areas. People's{{U}} (20) {{/U}}of themselves must be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to sense of inadequacy.

填空题Most of the inhabitants live in mud-brick homes, their (1) walls insulating against the afternoon heat. Flat roofs, exposed (2) the northern evening breezes, serve as cool sleeping (3) as well as storage areas. Villagers plaster the outer walls (4) often trim them in blue, a color they believe (5) off the evil eye. As a man becomes richer, (6) can add a second story to his house perhaps (7) his married son. Those villagers who have made the (8) to Mecca paint the legend of their trip on (9) outer walls of their homes. Such hajj houses, along (10) the mosques, are the most distinguished buildings in a (11) . Some villagers build ornate pigeon coops close to their (12) , using the birds as food and their droppings to (13) crops. Many houses still have dirt floors and lack (14) or running water; women with jars balanced on their (15) make the trek to the community well, and children donkeys haul the (16) liquid in jerry cans. All (17) said, government sponsored building programs have also brought newer (18) residences and utilities to some villages, particularly those outside (19) Nile Valley in the Oases and the Red Sea (20) areas.

填空题We can supplement our own ideas with information and data gathering from our reading, our observation, and so forth.

填空题Seeing from space, our earth, with water covering over 70% of its surface, appears as a "blue planet".

填空题The moon is a very silent world, for sound waves can only travel through the air.

填空题The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants. The problem we are faced with is that our (1) , here identified as money, are (2) . The only way we can resolve our (3) is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of (4) and identify the things we need (5) , those we can postpone, and (6) we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics — deciding just how to allocate our limited resources to provide ourselves with the greatest (7) of our wants. Nations face the same problem. As a country's population (8) , the need for more goods and services grows (9) . Resources necessary to production may increase, but there are (10) enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a (11) . Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living-room, in the conference room of the corporation (12) of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find (13) of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants. A short time ago, economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in (14) abundance that economists had no concern about (15) of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are in (16) very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately pay for the producers' extra costs, and (17) tax-payers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment. In the 1990s, almost all goods are (18) . Only by effort and money can they be (19) in the form people wish. Meeting the needs of people and the demands from resources available leads to the basic activity of production. In trying to (20) unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.

填空题{{B}}B Customs of Bulgaria: Marriage and Family保加利亚习俗：婚姻与家庭{{/B}} The average age for women to marry is between 18 and 25.25 tend to{{U}} (1) {{/U}}when somewhat older. A church wedding often{{U}} (2) {{/U}}the legal civil ceremony, and a large reception, which often involves{{U}} (3) {{/U}}music and dancing, is held in the evening. Wedding traditions include{{U}} (4) {{/U}}money on the bride's dress to represent future prosperity, the groom{{U}} (5) {{/U}}the bride at her home, and the couple pulling on opposite{{U}} (6) {{/U}}of a loaf of bread—whoever gets the largest piece will be{{U}} (7) {{/U}}boss of the family. Honeymoons are a new tradition. The principle{{U}} (8) {{/U}}mutual support is valued in the Bulgarian family. The elderly are {{U}}(9) {{/U}}cared for by their adult children. Unmarried adults live with their{{U}} (10) {{/U}}and many newly married couples live with one set of parents{{U}} (11) {{/U}}they are able to get housing of their own. Most families{{U}} (12) {{/U}}urban areas live in apartments, which are in short supply, while{{U}} (13) {{/U}}in rural areas usually have their own houses. Many village houses {{U}}(14) {{/U}}owned by families who live in urban areas, who use them_{{U}} (15) {{/U}}summer and weekend retreats, or for retired parents. Most families in{{U}} (16) {{/U}}areas do not have more than two children, while families in {{U}}(17) {{/U}}areas tend to be larger. Grandparents play an important role in{{U}} (18) {{/U}}care, particularly in urban areas, where most women work outside the{{U}} (19) {{/U}}. Men of the younger generation have begun to help with household{{U}} (20) {{/U}}, once considered only women's responsibility.

填空题{{B}} B Baush's Legacy(Ⅱ)布什的遗产(Ⅱ){{/B}} President Bush's push to oust Saddam Hussein{{U}} (1) {{/U}}power soon became more than a foreign-policy initiative; the{{U}} (2) {{/U}}and his allies used it as a wedge issue{{U}} (3) {{/U}}Democrats in the run-up to the 2002 elections. "After 9/11, he{{U}} (4) {{/U}}a country that said, 'We're ready to follow,'"{{U}} (5) {{/U}}Rep. Rahm Emanual, D-Ⅲ., a former top aide to President Bill{{U}} (6) {{/U}}and now a member of the House Democratic leadership. "There{{U}} (7) {{/U}}so much we could have done. But he said, 'Go shopping',{{U}} (8) {{/U}}then he divided the nation. " The hyper-political push for{{U}} (9) {{/U}}cost him the support of Democrats; there would be no{{U}} (10) {{/U}}big bipartisan successes for him to celebrate, such as his{{U}} (11) {{/U}}education law, No Child Left BehinD． Republicans stayed with him,{{U}} (12) {{/U}}, and while they controlled Congress, that was often enough. It{{U}} (13) {{/U}}him politically potent through the 2002 and 2004 campaigns. But{{U}} (14) {{/U}}spending programs and other breaks with conservative dogma hurt the{{U}} (15) {{/U}}standing inside the GOP, and he never really worked the Washingtongame to{{U}} (16) {{/U}}relationships with members of Congress. In his{{U}} (17) {{/U}}term, Democrats scuttled Social Security reform even before the president{{U}} (18) {{/U}}file a bill. Opposition to Bush became their organizing principle—the formula they rode to success in 2006,{{U}} (19) {{/U}}the botched federal response to Hurricane Katrina and a continuing war left{{U}} (20) {{/U}}as damaged goods.

填空题{{B}}Every Object Tells a Story凡事皆有戏{{/B}} Everyone has a particular object to which they attach a special meaning or story. Every Object Tells A{{U}} (1) {{/U}}is a participative website that enables people to explore the stories and meanings behind collections of museum objects.{{U}} (2) {{/U}}to the site can create their own stories and share their own interpretations and objects online. The project{{U}} (3) {{/U}}on the art of storytelling and involves four regional museums, in partnership with Channel 4 and Ultralab, a{{U}} (4) {{/U}}technology research centre at Anglia Polytechnic University. It will be led by the Victoria and Albert Museum. It{{U}} (5) {{/U}}the personal meanings and histories behind objects to get people to look at them in new ways. It{{U}} (6) {{/U}}designed to inspire them to create their own stories and share their interpretations and objects of personal significance{{U}} (7) {{/U}}a growing online community. Video, audio, text and pictures combine on the site to offer an enticing, accessible {{U}}(8) {{/U}}into the content. Users can choose to browse the hundreds of objects featured, or they can search for{{U}} (9) {{/U}}particular theme or person. They can decide on the level of information they want on an object, from{{U}} (10) {{/U}}stories conveyed through text and pictures, to the richer experience offered by accompanying video and audio. They will{{U}} (11) {{/U}}encouraged to add their own interpretation or object to the collection, by uploading text, images, video or audio{{U}} (12) {{/U}}the site or by sending text and images from a mobile phone. In so doing, they will be{{U}} (13) {{/U}}to the website's content and illustrating how a single object can convey different meanings to different people. The{{U}} (14) {{/U}}stories and wonderful objects will appeal to a broad audience. The project has specific relevance to all key{{U}} (15) {{/U}}of the National Curriculum in English and literacy. Outreach sessions in regional partner museums will encourage people to{{U}} (16) {{/U}}involved in the project locally and a video booth will travel around England, visiting shopping centres, libraries, bus{{U}} (17) {{/U}}and the like, to enable people to capture their object and story in a short video. This will{{U}} (18) {{/U}}be uploaded onto the site. In addition to the national and local publicity given to the project, Channel 4{{U}} (19) {{/U}}promote the website from a number of its programmes, ensuring a wide appeal and providing an added{{U}} (20) {{/U}}for people to contribute their content.

填空题A good translator is by definition bilingual. The opposite is not ______(1) true, however. A born and bred bilingual will still need two__________(2) to become a translator: first, the skills and experience necessary for__________(3); second, knowledge of the field in which he or she will__________(4). The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write ______(5) in the target language, the ability to read and understand the_________(6) language material thoroughly, and the ability to work with the latest__________(7) and communication hardware and software. Does a born and bred bilingual__________(8) a better translator than someone who learned language B later in__________(9)? There is no definite answer, but the following issues are important.__________(10), a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing __________(11) language well enough to translate, with some even suffering from what __________(12) known as a lingualism, a state in which a person lacks_________(13) full, fluent command of any language. Second, born and bred bilinguals__________(14) don''t know the culture of the target language well enough to_________(15) top-quality translations, or cannot recognize what aspects of the source language__________(16) its culture need to be treated with particular care, as they_________(17) in a sense too close to the language. And last, they often_________(18) the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text. On_________(19) other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the same in-depth _________(20) of colloquialisms, slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has. Also, the acquired bilingual will not be able to translate as readily in both directions (from B to language A and A to language B). Finally, born bilinguals often have a greater appreciation of the subtleties and nuances of both their languages than someone who learns their B language later in life can ever hope to have.