填空题{{B}}Sociology社会学{{/B}} Sociology is a social science that studies{{U}} (1) {{/U}}societies, their interactions, and the processes that{{U}} (2) {{/U}}and change them. It does this by{{U}} (3) {{/U}}the dynamics of constituent parts of societies{{U}} (4) {{/U}}as institutions, communities, populations, and gender, racial, {{U}}(5) {{/U}}age groups. Sociology also studies social status{{U}} (6) {{/U}}stratification, social movements, and social change, as{{U}} (7) {{/U}}as societal disorder in the form of {{U}}(8) {{/U}}, deviance, and revolution. Social life overwhelmingly regulates{{U}} (9) {{/U}}behaviour of humans, largely because humans lack{{U}} (10) {{/U}}instincts that guide most animal behaviour. Humans{{U}} (11) {{/U}}depend on social institutions and organizations to{{U}} (12) {{/U}}their decisions and actions. Given the important{{U}} (13) {{/U}}organizations play in influencing human action, it{{U}} (14) {{/U}}sociology's task to discover how organizations affect{{U}} (15) {{/U}}behaviour of persons, how they are established,{{U}} (16) {{/U}}organizations interact with one another, how they {{U}}(17) {{/U}}, and, ultimately, how they disappear. Among the{{U}} (18) {{/U}}basic organizational structures are economic, religious, educational,{{U}} (19) {{/U}}political institutions, as well as more specialized{{U}} (20) {{/U}}such as the family, the community, the military, peer groups, clubs, and volunteer associations.

填空题{{B}}Government政府{{/B}} Government is the political system by which a{{U}} (1) {{/U}}or community is administered and regulated． Most of{{U}} (2) {{/U}}key words commonly used to describe governments, words {{U}}(3) {{/U}}as monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy, are of Greek{{U}} (4) {{/U}}Roman origin. They have been current for more{{U}} (5) {{/U}}2,000 years and have not yet exhausted their {{U}}(6) {{/U}}. This suggests that mankind has not changed very{{U}} (7) {{/U}}since they were coined; but such verbal and{{U}} (8) {{/U}}uniformity must not be allowed to hide the{{U}} (9) {{/U}}changes in society and politics that have occurred.{{U}} (10) {{/U}}earliest analytical use of the term monarchy occurred{{U}} (11) {{/U}}ancient Athens, chiefly in Plato's dialogues, but even{{U}} (12) {{/U}}Plato's time the word was not self-explanatory. There{{U}} (13) {{/U}}a king in Macedon and a king in Persia,{{U}} (14) {{/U}}the two societies, and therefore their institutions,{{U}} (15) {{/U}}radically different. To give real meaning to the{{U}} (16) {{/U}}monarchy in these two instances, it would be {{U}}(17) {{/U}}to investigate their actual political and historical contexts.{{U}} (18) {{/U}}general account of monarchy required then, and requires{{U}} (19) {{/U}}, an inquiry as to what circumstances have predisposed{{U}} (20) {{/U}}to adopt monarchy, and what have led them to reject it. So it is with all political terms.

填空题It is clear that we are rapidly becoming a global culture. New forms of information technology, intercontinental travel, and the complex nature of economics are all elements in such a change. Japan, an ancient (1) culture, now dominates the West economically while its own traditional (2) is rapidly becoming (3) in the process. It does not take a great deal of analysis to see the vast interchanges of cultural influences in the world today. The thirst for (4) fashions, popular music, and the other elements of consumer culture (5) great inroads in non-Western lands while the West seeks out everything from the religious traditions of the Ease (6) the art and music these countries produce. In the field of (7) , to cite one conspicuous example, contemporary readers seek books (8) those of the West. Latin American authors, as well as those from Africa, Asia, and India, now find appreciative audiences. A (9) culture does not mean a unitary or "one world" culture. It does mean that people are increasingly aware of the diversity of culture. World events enter our living rooms so that things that may once have been (10) of as distant (11) now greet us immediately and in color. We may watch those events on a television made in Japan while wearing clothes sewn in Thailand and shoes made in Hungary while snacking (12) food grown in Mexico. Such an economic interdependence reflects the reality of a global banking system, the globalization of the economy, and the increasing (13) of information and information technologies. (14) has this shrinking of distances (and attitudes) become more clear than in the academic debates over what constitutes a liberal (15) education today. Is it possible (or desirable) to have the Western core of humanities (16) the center-piece of a curriculum? The place of non-Western and non-traditional cultures as part of the general (17) of a student is hotly argued in educational circles. The very fact of that discussion (18) to the emergence of a global consciousness with a continued shrinking of parochial attitudes. The (19) that such globalization is hotly debated only emphasizes the profound nature of the (20) taking place in our culture.

填空题The actual quantity of folic acid is required in the daily diet is not known.

填空题A Sports体育运动 Many animals engage in play，but homo sapiens is the only animal{{U}} (1) {{/U}}have invented sports.Since sports are an invention，a part of culture{{U}} (2) {{/U}}than an aspect of nature，all definitions of sports are somewhat arbitrary.{{U}} (3) {{/U}}sports are a human universal found in every known culture or a{{U}} (4) {{/U}}unique to modern society depends upon one's definition of sports.Men and{{U}} (5) {{/U}}have always run，jumped，climbed，lifted，thrown， and wrestled，but they have{{U}} (6) {{/U}}always performed these physical activities competitively. Although all literate societies seem to{{U}} (7) {{/U}}contests of one sort or another in which men， and sometimes women，{{U}} (8) {{/U}}in displays and tests of physical skill and prowess，sports may be{{U}} (9) {{/U}}defined as physical contests performed for their own sake and not for{{U}} (10) {{/U}}ulterior end.According to this strict definition，neither Neolithic hunters nor contestants {{U}} (11) {{/U}}religious ceremonies such as the ancient Olympic Games were engaged in sports. {{U}} (12) {{/U}}on the stipulation that sports must be performed for their own sake{{U}} (13) {{/U}}the paradoxical elimination of many activities which are usually thought of as{{U}} (14) {{/U}}，such as exercises done for the sake of cardiovascular fitness，races run{{U}} (15) {{/U}}satisfy a physical education requirement，ball games played to earn a paycheck.{{U}} (16) {{/U}}definition also means abandonment of the traditional usage in which"sport，"derived{{U}} (17) {{/U}}Middle English disporter，refers to any light hearted recreational activity.In the.{{U}} (18) {{/U}}of some 18th- century aristocrats，a game of backgammon and the seduction of{{U}} (19) {{/U}}milkmaid were both considered good sport，but this usage of the term{{U}} (20) {{/U}}become archaic.

填空题All twelve of Henry's friends were shaking with the laughter.

填空题The earliest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at a bottom.

填空题{{B}}A Accommodation 住宿{{/B}} One is never at a loss for a place to{{U}} (1) {{/U}}in Malaysia．The country's cities and major towns have a{{U}} (2) {{/U}} range of accommodation to suit all tastes and budgets. Most international-{{U}} (3) {{/U}} hotels cater to total living requirements and as such, one{{U}} (4) {{/U}} easily find restaurants, entertainment outlets and fitness centres within the{{U}} (5) {{/U}} complex. Several resort hotels even have adjoining golf courses and{{U}} (6) {{/U}} parks with special privileges accorded to hotel guests. Family outings{{U}} (7) {{/U}} these hotels can be a practical yet fun-filled activity. Guests{{U}} (8) {{/U}} on longer stays may appreciate the serviced apartments situated within{{U}} (9) {{/U}} major cities. Malaysia is also an excellent destination for romantic getaways,{{U}} (10) {{/U}} for honeymooners seeking an idyllic tropical retreat with{{U}} (11) {{/U}} amenities. The country's award-winning island resorts are paradises waiting to be{{U}} (12) {{/U}}. For budget-conscious tourists, there is an array of accommodations located{{U}} (13) {{/U}} to amenities and tourist attractions. Budget accommodations in Malaysia are{{U}} (14) {{/U}} according to the Orchid Classification Scheme and include hostels, bed{{U}} (15) {{/U}} breakfast establishments, inns, boarding houses, rest houses and lodging houses.{{U}} (16) {{/U}} Orchid rating is awarded to tourist accommodations offering basic facilities{{U}} (17) {{/U}} well as safe and clean premises. Adventurous souls can try{{U}} (18) {{/U}} the innumerable value-for-money kampung-style chalets located along popular beaches. Nature{{U}} (19) {{/U}} seeking communion with nature in Malaysia's world-famous nature parks such{{U}} (20) {{/U}} Taman Negara will be amazed by the easy availability of chalets with modern facilities in these areas.

填空题 A good translator is by definition bilingual. The opposite is not {{U}}(1) {{/U}} true, however. A born and bred bilingual will still need two {{U}}(2) {{/U}} to become a translator: first, the skills and experience necessary for {{U}}(3) {{/U}} ; second, knowledge of the field in which he or she will {{U}}(4) {{/U}}. The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write {{U}}(5) {{/U}} in the target language, the ability to read and understand the {{U}}(6) {{/U}} language material thoroughly, and the ability to work with the latest {{U}}(7) {{/U}} and communication hardware and software.Does a born and bred bilingual {{U}}(8) {{/U}} a better translator than someone who learned language B later in {{U}}(9) {{/U}} ? There is no definite answer, but the following issues are important. {{U}}(10) {{/U}} , a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing {{U}}(11) {{/U}} language well enough to translate, with some even suffering from what {{U}}(12) {{/U}} known as a lingua-ism, a state in which a person lacks {{U}}(13) {{/U}} full, fluent command of any language. Second, born and bred bilinguals {{U}}(14) {{/U}} don't know the culture of the target language well enough to {{U}}(15) {{/U}} top-quality translations, or cannot recognize what aspects of the source language {{U}}(16) {{/U}} its culture need to be treated with particular care, as they {{U}}(17) {{/U}} in a sense too close to the language. And last, they often {{U}}(18) {{/U}} the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text. On {{U}}(19) {{/U}} other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the sam0e in-depth {{U}}(20) {{/U}} of colloquialisms, slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has. Also, the acquired bilingual will not be able to translate as readily in both directions (from B to language A and A to language B). Finally, born bilinguals often have a greater appreciation of the subtleties and nuances of both their languages than someone who learns their B language later in life can ever hope to have.

填空题Believed the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.

填空题The English rock music group The Beatles gave the 1960s its characteristic musical flavor and (1) a profound influence on the course of popular music, equaled by (2) performers. The guitarists John Winston Lennon, James Paul McCartney, and George Harrison; and the drummer Ringo Starr, were all born and (3) in Liverpool. Lennon and McCartney had played together in a group called The Quarrymen. With Harrison, (4) formed their own group, The Silver Beatles, in 1959, and Starr joined them in 1962. As (5) Beatles, they developed a local following in Liverpool clubs, and their first recordings, "Love Me Do" (1962) and "Please Please Me" (1963), quickly made them Britain's top rock group. Their early music was (6) by the American rock singers Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley, but they infused a hackneyed musical (7) with freshness, vitality, and wit. The release of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" in 1964 (8) the beginning of the phenomenon known as"Beatlemania" in the United States. The Beatle's first US (9) aroused a universal mob adulation. Their concerts were scenes of mass worship, and their records sold (10) the millions. Their first film, the innovative A Hard Day's Night(1964), was received enthusiastically (11) a wide audience that included many who had never before listened to rock music． Composing their own (12) , The Beatles established the precedent for other rock groups to play their own music．Experimenting with (13) musical forms, they produced an extraordinary (14) of songs: the childishly simple "Yellow Submarine" ; the bitter social commentary of "Eleanor Rigby" ; parodies of earlier pop styles; new electronic sounds; and compositions that were scored for cellos, violins, trumpets, and sitars, as well as for conventional guitars and drums. The (15) disbanded in 1970, after the release of their final album, Let It Be, and during the 1970s (16) individual careers, On dec.8, 1980, John Lennon (17) fatally shot outside his Manhattan apartment by Mark Chapman, a 25-year-old former mental (18) who, earlier that same day, had asked Lennon for his (19) . Lennon's murder was universally (20) with an intensity of feeling usually inspired only by political and spiritual leaders.

填空题The pancreas is an organ involving in the digestion of food and in the regulation of the sugar level in the blood stream.

填空题 The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants. The problem we are faced with is that our{{U}} (1) {{/U}}, here identified as money, are{{U}} (2) {{/U}}. The only way we can resolve our{{U}} (3) {{/U}}is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of{{U}} (4) {{/U}}and identify the things we need{{U}} (5) {{/U}}, those we can postpone, and{{U}} (6) {{/U}}we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics — deciding just how to allocate our limited resources to provide ourselves with the greatest{{U}} (7) {{/U}}of our wants. Nations face the same problem. As a country's population{{U}} (8) {{/U}}, the need for more goods and services grows{{U}} (9) {{/U}}. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there are{{U}} (10) {{/U}}enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a{{U}} (11) {{/U}}. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living-room, in the conference room of the corporation{{U}} (12) {{/U}}of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find{{U}} (13) {{/U}}of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants. A short time ago, economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in{{U}} (14) {{/U}}abundance that economists had no concern about{{U}} (15) {{/U}}of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are in{{U}} (16) {{/U}}very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately pay for the producers' extra costs, and{{U}} (17) {{/U}}tax-payers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment. In the 1990s, almost all goods are {{U}}(18) {{/U}}. Only by effort and money can they be{{U}} (19) {{/U}}in the form people wish. Meeting the needs of people and the demands from resources available leads to the basic activity of production. In trying to{{U}} (20) {{/U}}unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.

填空题Insurance is the sharing of (1) . Nearly everyone is exposed (2) risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his (3) can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by (4) and (5) his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a (6) stun of money into a pool, there will be enough to (7) the needs of the few who do suffer (8) . In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the (9) . This is the basis of (10) . Those who pay the contributions are known as (11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer. The (12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested (13) past experience. If the companies fix their premiums too (14) , there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose (15) . On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have (16) and may even have to drop out (17) business. So the ordinary forces of supply and (18) keep premiums at a proper (19) to both insurers and those who (20) insurance.