单选题 Para. 1 In an attempt to leapfrog the planets and vault into the interstellar age, a bevy of scientists and other luminaries from Silicon Valley and beyond, led by Yuri Milner, a Russian philanthropist and Internet entrepreneur, announced a plan on Tuesday to send a fleet of robot spacecraft no bigger than iPhones to Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system, 4.37 light-years away. Para. 2 ①If it all worked out—a cosmically big 'if' that would occur decades and perhaps $10 billion from now—a rocket would deliver a 'mother ship' carrying a thousand or so small probes to space. ②Once in orbit, the probes would unfold thin sails and then, propelled by powerful laser beams from Earth, set off one by one like a flock of migrating butterflies across the universe. Para. 3 ①Within two minutes, the probes would be more than 600,000 miles from home—as far as the lasers could maintain a tight beam—and moving at a fifth of the speed of light. ②But it would still take 20 years for them to get to Alpha Centauri. ③Those that survived would zip past the star system, making measurements and beaming pictures back to Earth. Para. 4 ①Much of this plan is probably half a lifetime away. ②Mr. Milner and his colleagues estimate that it could take 20 years to get the mission off the ground and into the heavens, 20 years to get to Alpha Centauri and another four years for the word from outer space to come home. ③And there is still the matter of attracting billions of dollars to pay for it. Para. 5 ①'We came to the conclusion it can be done: interstellar travel,' Mr. Milner said. ②He announced the project, called Breakthrough Starshot, in a news conference in New York on Tuesday. Para. 6 The English cosmologist and author Stephen Hawking is one of three members of the board of directors for the mission, along with Mr. Milner and Mark Zuckerberg, the Facebook founder. Para. 7 The project will be directed by Pete Worden, a former director of NASA's Ames Research Center. Para. 8 'There are about 20 key challenges we are asking the world's scientific experts to help us with—and we are willing to financially support their work,' Dr. Worden said in an email. Para. 9 ①Estimating that the project could cost $5 billion to $10 billion, Mr. Miiner is initially investing $100 million for research and development. ②He said he was hoping to lure other investors, especially from international sources. ③Both NASA and the European Space Agency have been briefed on the project, Dr. Worden said. Para. 10 ①In a sense, the start of this space project reflects the make-it-or-break-it mode of Silicon Valley. ②Rather than send one big, expensive spacecraft on a journey of years, send thousands of cheap ones. ③If some break or collide with space junk, others can take their place.

单选题 Para. 1 ①in the 1970s, the British comedian Tommy Cooper used to tell a joke about asking an auction house to value a violin and a painting that he had discovered in an attic. ②The good news, he was told, is that they were made by Stradivarius and Rembrandt. ③The bad news was that the painting was by Stradivarius and the violin was by Rembrandt. ④He then proceeded to ram the violin through the canvas. Para. 2 ①In those days, of course, Rembrandt was the gold standard. ②But the Dutchman and his fellow old masters have fallen out of fashion and are no longer as coveted by collectors and investors. Para. 3 ①As a measure of that fall, 10 works have sold at auction for more than $100 million in recent years, and all of them were made by modem or contemporary artists in the past 120 years. ②Older paintings have seen their value, in relative terms, level off or decline. ③The trend was plain to see in recent weeks, as London's auction houses tried to find buyers for their latest tranche of old masters. ④As has been the case in recent years, there were few works by major names. Para. 4 ①Christie's biannual evening sale on Dec. 8 raised just 6.5 million pounds with fees, about $9.7 million, against a low estimate of ￡12.7 million. ②Nineteen of the 45 works, or 42 percent, failed to sell. Para. 5 Anyone can have a bad day at the office, but this disappointing performance at Christie's followed an old masters sale in July that took in ￡19 million against a low estimate of ￡31.5 million. Para. 6 ①Little wonder, then, that Christie's, the dominant player in the auction market for modem and contemporary art, is re-marketing its old master paintings as 'classic art.' ②It will be offering old masters and other historical pieces next year at its Rockefeller Center sales in April, rather than January. ③The week will feature a themed sale that includes 20th-century works. ④And its 'classic art' format will debut in London in July, Christie's said on Friday. Para. 7 ①At its own auction the following evening, Sotheby's achieved a far more respectable total of ￡22.6 million with fees, although it was just above the low estimate of ￡21.8 million based on hammer prices. ②Of the 44 lots offered, 15 did not sell, or 34 percent. Para. 8 As a point of comparison, the combined ￡29.1 million total from those old master sales was 34 percent less than the ￡44.2 million Christie's and Sotheby's took in at equivalent events five years ago. Para. 9 ①People are still looking at old masters for pleasure, if not as lucrative investments. ②But there remains a mass of old master paintings in dealers' stocks—and in collectors' minds—whose asking prices still hark back to the age of Tommy Cooper. ③Unfortunately, in today's market, and at those prices, many of these paintings will be as sellable as that Stradivarius canvas with the hole in it.

单选题 Para. 1 ①The most remarkable aspect of the walkout at Google last week may not have been that an estimated 20,000 people participated or that it had global reach, or even that it came together in less than a week ②It was the way the organizers identified their action with a broader worker struggle, using language almost unheard-of among affluent tech employees. Para. 2 'This is part of a growing movement,' the organizers wrote in a news release, 'not just in tech, but across the country, including teachers, fast-food workers and others who are using their strength in numbers to make real change.' Para. 3 At the beginning of their protest near the company's San Francisco offices, the organizers even expressed support for Marriott workers on strike in the city. Para. 4 ①For decades, Silicon Valley has been ground zero for a vaguely utopian form of individualism—the idea that a single engineer with a laptop and an internet connection could change the world, or at least a long-established industry. ②Class-consciousness was passé. ③Unions were the enemy of innovation, an anchor to the status quo. Para. 5 ①But the issues that contributed to the walkout at Google—the company's controversial work with the Pentagon on artificial intelligence, and its handling of sexual harassment accusations against senior managers—proved too large for any worker to confront alone, even if that worker made mid-six figures. ②They required a form of solidarity that would be recognizable to the most militant 20th century labor organizers. Para. 6 ①'The myth of Silicon Valley is that all the power you need is embodied in you as an individual—if you want more money, go somewhere else,' said Harley Shaiken, a labor expert at the University of California, Berkeley. ②'What they were saying here was that all the economic power they had as individuals wasn't enough.' Para. 7 And the consequences of that dawning realization, Shaiken and other labor experts said, could reverberate across the entire tech sector. Para. 8 Organizers say they're confident that the protests will only escalate if the chief executive, Sundar Pichai, and his team don't put forth a plan to act on some of their demands, among them a worker representative on the board of Google's parent company, and an end to employment contracts that prevent class-action lawsuits and require individual arbitration for discrimination and harassment cases. Para. 9 ①'Employees have raised constructive ideas for how we can improve our policies and our processes going forward,' Pichai said in a statement. ②'We are taking in all their feedback so we can turn these ideas into action.' Para. 10 Labor experts said any changes precipitated by the walkout could spread through Silicon Valley. Para. 11 'These companies are competing for employees,' said Matthew Bodie, a law professor at St. Louis University who is a former lawyer for the National Labor Relations Board. Para. 12 'If employees at Facebook are looking at this and saying 'Wow, that was impressive,'' Bodie said, then Facebook may have to follow suit.

单选题Para.1①WhatdoliterarytouristslookforwhentheyvisittheBritishIsles?②Oftenit'sthequaint,old-fashionedbookshopsthatprovidetheperfectexcusetobrowseuninterruptedandtodisconnectfromtheworld.③Untilrecently,thetrendforbarista-madecoffeeandhigh-speedWi-Fiwasconsideredbysomeinthecity'sbookishcrowdtoberuiningLondon'scenturies-oldtraditionofdisconnectedbrowsing.Para.2①Butacropofbookshopsisrebellingagainstfrenziedonlineengagementandiscreatingenvironmentswherethereal-life,internet-freebookbrowseisthemosteffectivewaytoexpandyoursocialandprofessionalnetworks.②AndincounteringtheInternetoverload,somestoresareprovingtobeamongLondon'shottesthangouts.Para.3①LeadingtherebelsisLibreriaBooksinLondon'sEastEnd,whichisaWi-Fi-andcoffee-freezone.②ItwasopenedinFebruarybyRohanSilva,aformerpolicyadvisertotheformerprimeministerDavidCameron,andco-founderofSecondHome,amembers'clubprovidingaworkspaceforentrepreneurs.Para.4①LibreriaisinthecompanyofTenderbooks,BuchhandlungWaltherLutyensRubinstein,andWordontheWater,allindependentbookshopsshunninghigh-speedcablesandlattes.②Theirmantrahasdrawnasophisticated,brainycrowd,butitspremiseissimple:Inthedigitalage,thebookshopshouldbearefuge,aninformationoverloadinitsownright.Para.5①'Ifsomeonegetsaphonecall,theyleavetheshop.②It'sthesamewiththeInternet—peoplejustknowthisisn'tthespaceforbeingonline,'saidTamsinClark,ownerofTenderbooks,whichopenedIn2014inCoventGarden,alivelyneighborhoodpackedwiththeatersandrare-bookshops.③'Thethingaboutbooksisthatthey'remoreinterestingthantheInternet—weassumethateveryonewhocomesherebelievesthat.'Para.6①Creativedowntimemeansembracingslowoverfastandrejectingyearsofbookshopcoolthat'sembodiedbyovereagerbaristasandagoofyWi-Fi-codescrawledonachalkboard.②TheInternet-freebookshopcampaignsforthedaysofhaughtyglancesoverthetopsofreadingglasses,gentleruttingatnoise,andhoursspentsimplyconsideringthewordsonthepage.Para.7①Thedistraction-freelibraryethosisactuallyacitytradition,fromtheprivatetranquillibrariesofstatelyhomessuchasNorthLondon's17th-centuryestateKenwoodHouseInHampsteadHeathtotheBritishLibrary'sReadingRoominKing'sCross—aplacewheretheetiquettepolicystronglydiscouragesthepresenceofmobilephonesentirelywithtactfullyplacedsigns.②It'sinthistraditionthatthesebookshopsoperate.Para.8①Mr.SilvaofLibreriaBookssaid'anold-fashionedspace'isclearlyappealingtobooklovers.②Hesaidhisshophashadtwiceasmanycustomersasanticipated,withvisitorsfromasfarafieldasAustraliaandChina.③Confrontedwithabookshelfcuratedbythepopularnewmayororsurroundedbyfirsteditions,whowantstodownloadamorningfullofemails?

单选题 Para. 1 Flybmi is advising customers to seek refunds from credit and debit card companies or rebook with other airlines after the company collapsed late on Saturday, leading to the cancellation of thousands of journeys. Para. 2 On Sunday night, it emerged that Flybmi's Glasgow-based sister company Loganair, which flies to the Scottish Highlands and Islands as well as to a small number of destinations in England, Ireland and Scandinavia, was poised to step in and take over five of Flybmi's routes from next month. Para. 3 ①Loganair said it was in a 'strong financial position' and would be flying from Aberdeen to Bristol, Oslo and Esbjerg, as well as from Newcastle to Brussels and to Stavanger in Norway. ②It was also 'evaluating Flybmi's wider network'. Para. 4 ①Jonathan Hinkles, Loganair's managing director, said: 'It's always really sad to see an airline go out of business, and our thoughts are with all those affected—particularly staff members. ②We are evaluating Flybmi's wider network and assessing routes which align with Loganair's distinct geographical area and overall strategic plans. ③We are also working on employment opportunities for pilots, cabin crew and engineering support staff to strengthen the Loganair team.' Para. 5 Thousands of passengers have been left out-of-pocket after Flybmi, which operated more than 600 flights a week from regional airports including Bristol, Newcastle, Aberdeen and East Midlands, said it was calling in administrators. Para. 6 ①Ryanair said it was offering special cheap 'rescue fares' between Belfast and London Stansted and to Milan Bergamo and Nuremberg to help stranded travellers. ②Easy Jet said it was offering a special ￡80 deal for stranded passengers wanting to fly between Bristol and Paris Charles de Gaulle airport. Para. 7 ①Tim Alderslade, chief executive of Airlines UK, the industry association that represents 13 UK carriers, said: 'Today's announcement demonstrates once again the ferociously competitive environment airlines currently operate in. ②It should give government—and other parts of the industry who relentlessly champion passenger growth but too frequently neglect the challenges carriers face—pause for thought.' Para. 8 ①Flybmi, which employs 376 staff and has a fleet of 17 aircraft covering 25 European cities, told aircrew not to turn up for work. ②Affected passengers were told not to go to the airport unless they had rebooked flights with alternative providers. ③Flybmi said it was not able to buy or rearrange journeys for its customers. Para. 9 Hundreds of passengers expressed dismay on social media at the sudden demise of an airline that was urging people to book flights via Twitter up until the day before its collapse. Para. 10 Hannah Price, 23, was concerned she would not be able to recoup ￡550 spent on five flights to Brussels where she travels frequently on business. Para. 11 ①Her flight was a shared ticket with Brussels Airline and that company has arranged for her to fly back to Bristol via Amsterdam on Monday, but her journey time will now be seven hours rather than two. ②'It's good news that I am getting back to Bristol but it's still frustrating.' she said.

单选题 Para 1 When Steve Jobs told his daughter Lisa Brennan-Jobs that the Apple Lisa computer was not named after her, it was not a cruel lie to a little girl, she insists—he was teaching her 'not to ride on his coat-tails.' Para 2 When Mr. Jobs refused to install heat in her bedroom, he was not being callous, she says—he was instilling in her a 'value system.' Para 3 when a dying Mr. Jobs told Ms. Brennan-Jobs that she smelled 'like a toilet,' it was not a hateful snipe, she maintains—he was merely showing her 'honesty.' Para 4 ①It's a strange thing to write a devastating memoir with damning details but demand that these things are not, in fact, damning at all. ②Yet that's exactly what Ms. Brennan-Jobs has done in a new memoir, 'Small Fry,' and in a series of interviews conducted over the last few weeks. Para 5 ①Thanks to a dozen other biographies and films, Apple obsessives already know the broad outlines of Ms. Brennan-Jobs's early life: Mr. Jobs fathered her at 23, then denied paternity despite a DNA match, and gave little in financial or emotional support even as he became a god of the early computing era. ②'Small Fry,' which goes on sale Sept. 4, is Ms. Brennan-Jobs's effort to reclaim her story for herself. Para 6 ①The backdrop to her raw depictions of life with and without Mr. Jobs is 1980s Silicon Valley, where artists and hippies mixed with technologists, ideas of how to build the future flourished, and a cascade of trillions of dollars was just beginning to crash onto the landscape. ②Ms. Brennan-Jobs navigated a childhood on welfare with her mother, the artist Chrisann Brennan, and an adolescence ensconced in her father's wealth. Para 7 ①In passage after passage of 'Small Fry,' Mr. Jobs is vicious to his daughter and those around her. ②Now, in the days before the book is released, Ms. Brennan-Jobs is fearful that it will be received as a tell-all exposé, and not the more nuanced portrait of a family she intended. ③She worries that the reaction will be about a famous man's legacy rather than a young woman's story—that she will be erased again, this time in her own memoir. Para 8 ①On the eve of publication, what Ms. Brennan-Jobs wants readers to know is this: Steve Jobs rejected his daughter for years, but that daughter has absolved him. ②Triumphantly, she loves him, and she wants the book's scenes of their roller skating and laughing together to be as viral as the scenes of him telling her she will inherit nothing. Para 9 ①Ms. Brennan-Jobs's forgiveness is one thing. ②what's tricky is that she wants the reader to forgive Mr. Jobs, too. ③And she knows that could be a problem. Para 10 ①'Have I failed?' she asked, in one of our conversations. ②'Have I failed in fully rep-resenting the dearness and the pleasure? ③The dearness of my father, and the outrageous pleasure of being with him when he was in good form?'

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