问答题Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn"t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.
How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering his mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don"t have unpredictable things, you don"t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.
In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought. I"ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said "The data are still inconclusive." "We know that," the men from the budget office have said, "but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?" The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.
What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team".
问答题上周英国心理学家报道，英语中有句谚语说，诚实才是上策。不幸的是，当没有人监督时，诚实常常离开我们。
英国纽卡斯尔大学的研究者在他们的心理学系的咖啡室做了一项试验。他们在柜台上设置了一把壶，放置了茶叶，咖啡和牛奶同时在各种饮料上面标明了价格。只要在盒子旁边放上几美分，客人就可以自己动手做一杯饮料。科学家在装钱的盒子上方贴了一个海报，这张海报要么是一张比较形象的监视的眼睛要么就是花。研究者发现当张贴画有眼睛的海报时，人们为自己的饮料付费要多出2.76倍。其中的一位研究者吉尔伯特·罗伯特说：“坦白地说我们对此很震惊。”
眼睛是人类最有力的感官信号。一位行为生物行为学家和该项研究的学者——梅丽撒·巴特森说：“即使海报上的眼睛画像不是真的，但它们还是似乎能使人们表现得更诚实。”
研究者认为此效果就是使我们进化的过去清楚地显示出来。它可能起始于早期人类形成社会群体以增强他们生存机会时发展出来的行为特点。对于一个社会群体的工作，个人必须合作，而不是自私地行事。班纳森说：“现在有一种观点就是如果没有人监视我们，我就会为了自己的利益而自私地行事，但是当我们被监视的时候，我们做的会更好。所以人们觉得我们是可以合作的，他们也会以同样的合作方式对待我们。”
这项新的发现表明人们对眼睛有很强的反应。这可能是因为眼睛和脸可以给我们很强的我们已经进化到可以对之产生反应的生理信号。这项发现也可以用于实践。例如，形象的眼睛可以在公共交通中提高售票率，提高监督系统阻止不符合社会规则的行为。
问答题Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don"t know where they should go next.
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan"s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party"s education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War Ⅱ had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."
But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it"s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization, fully 76 percent of Japan"s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
问答题“来啦!”她转身蹦着跳着跑了，{{U}}越{{/U}}过草地，{{U}}跑{{/U}}上小径，{{U}}跨{{/U}}上台阶，{{U}}穿{{/U}}过阳台，{{U}}进{{/U}}了门廊。
问答题Indian and Pakistan have fought three wars since 1947, two of them over Kashmir.
问答题他英语很流利，可还是要用译员——有时还挑译员的毛病——这样他就有时间考虑如何回答提问了。
问答题Although it symbolises a bright idea, the traditional incandescent light bulb is a dud. It wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95 % of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light. Its life is also relatively short, culminating in a dull pop as its filament fractures. Now a team of researchers has devised a light bulb that is not only much more energy-efficient—it is also expécted to last longer than the devices into which it is inserted. Moreover, the lamp could be used for rear-projection televisions as well as general illumination. The trick to a longer life, for light bulbs at least, is to ensure that the lamp has no electrodes. Although electrodes are undeniably convenient for plugging bulbs directly into the lighting system, they are also the main reason why lamps fail. The electrodes wear out. They can react chemically with the gas inside the light bulb, making it grow dimmer. They are also difficult to seal into the structure of the bulb, making the rupture of these seals another potential source of failure. Scientists working for Ceravision, a company based in Milton Keynes, in Britain, have designed a new form of lamp that eliminates the need for electrodes. Their device uses microwaves to transform electricity into light. It consists of a relatively small lump of aluminium oxide into which a hole has been bored. When the aluminium oxide is bombarded with microwaves generated from the same sort of device that powers a microwave oven, a concentrated electric field is created inside the void. If a cylindrical capsule containing a suitable gas is inserted into the hole, the atoms of the gas become ionised. As electrons accelerate in the electric field, they gain energy that they pass on to the atoms and molecules of the gas as they collide with them, creating a glowing plasma. The resulting light is bright, and the process is energy-efficient. Indeed, whereas traditional light bulbs emit just 5% of their energy as light, and fluorescent tubes about 15%, the Ceravision lamp has an efficiency greater than 50%. Because the lamp has no filament, the scientists who developed it think it will last for thousands of hours of use—in other words, for decades. Moreover, the light it generates comes from what is almost a single point, which means that the bulbs can be used in projectors and televisions. Because of this, the light is much more directional and the lamp could thus prove more efficient than bulbs that scatter light in all directions. Its long life would make the new light ideal for buildings in which the architecture makes changing light bulbs complicated and expensive. The lamps' small size makes them comparable to light-emitting diodes but the new lamp generates much brighter light than those semiconductor devices do. A single microwave generator can be used to power several lamps. Another environmental advantage of the new design is that it does not need mercury, a highly toxic metal found in most of the bulbs used today, including energy-saving fluorescent bulbs, fluo-rescent tubes and the high-pressure bulbs used in projectors. And Ceravision also reckons it should be cheap to make. With lighting accounting for some 20% of electricity use worldwide, switching to a more efficient system could both save energy and reduce emissions of climate-changing greenhouse gases.
问答题Destruction of the world's rain forests, global warming, and the depletion of the ozone layer are just some of the problems that will endanger mankind in the coming decades.
问答题1292年，马可波罗{{U}}携{{/U}}弟弟和儿子，{{U}}随{{/U}}十四条大船组成的船队和六百名船员从中国南方一个港口出发，离开中国，{{U}}前往{{/U}}威尼斯。
问答题科学与文化的其他方面关系长期紧张。想一想，17世纪的伽利略因其信念离经叛道，遭到天主教会的审判；诗人威廉·布莱克尖税地批评了艾萨克·牛顿的机械论世界观。在本世纪如果说有区别的话，那就是科学与人文科学间的裂痕更深了。 前些年，科学界势力强大，对批评者可以置之不理——但现在不同了。由于科研经费减少，科学家推出几本书来抨击“反科学”的倾向。其中，值得注意的有弗吉尼亚大学生物学家保罗·R·格罗斯与拉特格斯大学教学家诺曼·莱维持合著的《高级迷信》以及康奈尔大学的卡尔·萨根著的《鬼怪世界》。科学捍卫者还在集会上表达他们的忧虑，比如，1995年在纽约城举行的“飞越科学与理性”大会和去年6月在巴法罗附近召开的“信息(迷信)时代的科学”大会。 很明显，反科学对不同的人有着不同的含义。格罗斯和莱维特针对那些质疑科学客观性的社会学家、哲学家及其他学者，主要挑他们的毛病。萨根更关注那些相信鬼怪、上帝造物以及信奉其他与科学世界观相左的人。
问答题The manager sat in his office amid his morning mail.
问答题我劝你别管闲事。
问答题有观察家指出，自从美国发动反恐战争以及朝核危机爆发以来，中美之间过去最具争议的问题，如人权和西藏问题等，在双边关系中已经降到次要位置。
问答题{{B}}Delta{{/B}}
The large river best known to the ancient Greeks was the Nile of Egypt. They spoke of the river with admiration and called Egypt "the gift of the Nile". The mason for this was, first, that the Nile brought water to a rainless desert and, second, that once a year, the river overflowed its banks, leaving, as the water went back, a new layer of fertile soil.
The flood waters carry in them soil (called silt) from the upper parts of the river valley to the lower parts, and so to the sea. But as the river meets the sea, the sea acts as a barrier and forces the river to drop the silt it is carrying.
There are no tides in the Mediterranean to carry the silt away, so year after year it collects at the mouth of the Nile, and the river must find its way around islands of silt to the always more distant Mediterranean. In this way, a vast area of fertile soil has been built up at the mouth of the Nile and out into the sea. The river water splits up to form small branches winding across the area. To the ancient Greeks, the mouth of the Nile looked like the drawing.
Now we sometimes name things after the letters of the alphabet they resemble: a U-turn, an 1-beam a T-square, an S-bend, and so on. The Greeks did the same. The triangular area of land built up at the mouth of the Nile looked like the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet delta (△) and so this was the name they gave it. The word is now used for all areas of land formed at the mouth of rivers which flow into tideless seas, even when they are nor triangular in shape. The Mississippi delta, for example, is not shaped at all like the Greek delta, as you will see if you look at a map.
问答题不管是单人跳还是双人跳，跳绳时，男孩女孩都经常一边跳一边唱着歌谣。
问答题一项最新的调查表明，埃及妇女在经济平等方面与本国男性差距最大。
问答题大自然在这个季节显得特别纯洁，令人赏心悦目的纯洁。
问答题那好看的苹果、桃子和石榴把自己的果子悬在枝上，鲜红嫩绿的颜色，令人一望而发羡慕的心。
问答题提起东盟国家，我就想起去年在东盟会议上，马哈蒂尔先生和吴作栋先生曾经形象地把中国比喻成一个友好的大象。
他们说，中国的崛起不会对他们存在任何威胁。中国有5000年的文明史，有过辉煌的过去，也有过屈辱的往事。中国的崛起是多少代中国人的梦想。中国和平崛起的要义在什么地方?
第一，中国和平崛起就是要充分利用世界和平的大好时机，努力发展和壮大自己。同时又以自己的发展，维护世界和平。
第二，中国的崛起应把基点主要放在自己的力量上，独立自主、自力更生，艰苦奋斗，依靠广阔的国内市场、充足的劳动力资源和雄厚的资金储备，以及改革带来的机制创新。
第三，中国的崛起离不开世界。中国必须坚持开放的政策，在平等互利的原则上，同世界一切友好国家发展经贸往来。
第四，中国的崛起需要很长的时间，恐怕要多少代人的努力奋斗。
第五，中国的崛起不会妨碍任何人，也不会威胁任何人，也不会牺牲任何人。中国现在不称霸，将来即使强大了也永远不会称霸。
问答题{{B}}Tourism and Environment in the Mediterranean{{/B}}
The Mediterranean Countries as a whole account for one third of the world international tourism. In 1990, 72 million international tourists and 62 million domestic tourists visited the Mediterranean coastal region. Although the highest concentration has traditionally been on the northern shores, the trend is towards a more even distribution around the entire basin.
At the same time, the Mediterranean Region -- characterised by its particular climate -- is considered as a terrestrial biodiversity "hotspot", this being defined as an area of exceptional endemism, having more than 1,500 vascular plants, and where over 70% of the natural habitat has been lost. In fact, the Mediterranean region largely meets these criteria, since it has about 13,000 endemic plants with only very little habitat left. Favourite tourist areas and biodiversity hotspots largely coincide in the Mediterranean coastal regions. This constitutes both an asset and a liability.
The occupation of coastal areas by tourist infrastructures, including associated urbanisation, roads, marinas, golf courses, secondary homes, etc, leads to destruction of vulnerable terrestrial ecosystems and wetlands. Tourists demand water supply per capita at a higher rate than local inhabitants and at a time of water scarcity, in summer, thus leading to oversized facilities for both supply and treatment. Marine ecosystems suffer from water sports, anchoring, and waste disposal. Forest flies are multiplied by negligence and sometimes by criminal acts.
These liabilities are however compensated by a major consideration, namely that all Mediterranean countries are heavily dependent on tourism to improve their balance of payments. Hence, the continued destruction of their coastal environments and natural amenities would jeopardise this much coveted tourism development. By 2025, in the case of a weak traditional development scenario, the number of domestic tourists in the Mediterranean region would reach 140 million and the number of international tourists 93 million, whereas in the case of a strong and sustainable development scenario, these figures could reach 220 million and 143 million respectively. The challenge is to make such tourism development sustainable.
In this respect, a greater attention to biodiversity can be most significant. More coastal ecosystems -- terrestrial and marine -- should be protected and existing protected areas should be strengthened. Management of these areas should include improved facilities for "interpretation" for visitors, including in marine, mountaineering and skiing resorts. More should be made of local biodiversity as a tourist attraction. Combination of cultural and natural elements, for instance in biosphere reserves, should be provided to tourists in the form of properly managed "ecotourism". Traditional agricultural products and crafts of quality should be promoted. If properly established the link between tourism and biodiversity in the Mediterranean constitutes a major asset for the region.