填空题 How many of us would temp for three years while we waited for the perfect job? Not many of us, perhaps. But Wentworth Miller, the "Prison Break" star, said he chose to wait even longer time{{U}} (1) {{/U}}he found the right job. "Actually I think it might have been three or four years until I was lucky enough to get guest{{U}} (2) {{/U}}on TV shows," said Miller, 34, who rose to international stardom{{U}} (3) {{/U}}to "Prison Break" in 2006. That kind of patience and strong will was portrayed in "Prison Break". Miller{{U}} (4) {{/U}}engineering wizard Michael Scofield, who tries everything to break out of a Chicago{{U}} (5) {{/U}}with his brother. Miller said he was fond of his character,{{U}} (6) {{/U}}he said "exists in shades of grey". Miller comes from a{{U}} (7) {{/U}}of teachers. He said he didn't seem fated for a career in the arts,{{U}} (8) {{/U}}his passion for acting. After{{U}} (9) {{/U}}from Princeton with an English degree, he moved{{U}} (10) {{/U}}his parents' request to Los Angeles to look for a stable life. He started{{U}} (11) {{/U}}in a little company that made television movies. This{{U}} (12) {{/U}}simply faxing, filing, walking the boss' dog and going to the store for the boss' lunch. Every weekend during the summer, Miller{{U}} (13) {{/U}}go to the office{{U}} (14) {{/U}}he didn't have air-conditioning. "I would hang{{U}} (15) {{/U}}in the conference room and set up camp and rob the company kitchen," recalled Miller. {{U}} (16) {{/U}}, Miller realized he still had questions about his choice. He decided to quit. But the boss said he was making a mistake and offered him a well-paid assistant position. "I eventually{{U}} (17) {{/U}}that if I did the corporate job, it would be great if I was successful, but I would always wonder about the{{U}} (18) {{/U}}. If I did the acting and was successful, I would never wonder{{U}} (19) {{/U}}that job," he explained. He quit and temped{{U}} (20) {{/U}}many people in the entertainment industry. Now, he's a hot star and has people coming up to him at film festivals saying, "Weren't you the one who{{U}} (21) {{/U}}to stand by the copy machine?" "That was tough, but I'm glad I have that perspective. Because now I'm at a point{{U}} (22) {{/U}}big shots laugh at all my jokes and I think, You know, I got coffee for people like you for six years'. So I know what's{{U}} (23) {{/U}}, because I've seen the other side." But what if, when he was offered the corporate job, there had been more money? "It was never about the{{U}} (24) {{/U}}There's a kind of excitement that comes along with acting. I can't find it anywhere else. Even if I had to go back to temping, even if this is not the beginning of an amazing career, I would not{{U}} (25) {{/U}}making that jump."

填空题A Great Friendship Thomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? They worked together starting then to further American Revolution and later to shape the new scheme of government. From the work sprang a friendship perhaps incomparable in intimacy and the trustfulness of collaboration and induration. It lasted 50 years. It included pleasure and utility but 16 and above them, there were shared purpose, a common end 17 an enduring goodness on both sides. Four and a half months 18 he died, when he was ailing, debt-ridden, and worried about his impoverished 19 , Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison"s reply remind us 20 friends are friends until death. They also remind us that 21 a friendship has a bearing on things larger than the 22 itself, for has there ever been a friendship of 23 public consequence than this one? "The friendship which has subsisted 24 us now half a century, the harmony of our political 25 and pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through 26 long period. It"s also been a great solace to me to believe that you"re 27 in vindicating to posterity the course that we"ve pursued for preserving to them, 28 all their purity, their blessings of self-government, 29 we had assisted in acquiring for them. If ever the earth has beheld a 30 of administration conducted with a single and steadfast eye to the general 31 and happiness of those committed to it, one 32 , protected by truth, can never known reproach, it is that to which our 33 have been devoted. To myself you have been a pillar of 34 throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I 35 leave with you my last affections." A week later Madison replied—"You cannot look back to the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. If they are a source of pleasure to you, what aren"t they not to be to me? We cannot be deprived of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public good with which we discharge the trust committed to us and I indulge a confidence that sufficient evidence will find in its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld whilst we are here."

填空题Bertrand Russell—The Analysis of Mind (Truth and Falsehood) On the features which distinguish knowledge from accuracy of response in general, not much can be said from a behaviourist point of view without referring to purpose. But the necessity of SOMETHING besides accuracy of response may be brought out by the 1 consideration: Suppose two persons, of whom one believed 2 the other disbelieved, and disbelieved whatever the other 3 . So far as accuracy and sensitiveness of response alone are concerned, 4 would be nothing to choose between these two persons. A thermometer 5 went down for warm weather and up for cold might be just as 6 as the usual kind; and a person who always believes falsely is just as 7 an instrument as a person who always believes truly. The 8 and practical difference between them would be that the one 9 always believed falsely would quickly come to a bad end. This 10 once more that accuracy of response to stimulus does not alone 11 knowledge, but must be reinforced by appropriateness, i. e. suitability for 12 one"s purpose. This applies even in the apparently simple 13 of answering questions: if the purpose of the answers is to deceive, their 14 , not their truth, will be evidence of knowledge. The proportion of the 15 of appropriateness with accuracy in the definition of knowledge is difficult; it seems that both enter in, but that appropriateness is only required as regards the general type of response, not as regards each individual instance.

填空题Our Global Village Science and technology has turned our world into a global village. The term—global village—was coined by Marshall Mcluhan. It is used to describe the shrinking of the world as a result of the mass media. Nowadays, the mass media is able to bright events from all corners of the globe into people"s homes. Communication technologies make it possible to connect with people in other countries on the telephone and Internet. Modern transportation systems also contribute to the creation of the global village. Now astronauts can circle around the globe in eighty minutes. The moon is already within our 36 of travel, and the addition of Mars is just a 37 of time. A visit to major cities such as New York, London and Tokyo 38 that movement of people from one country and 39 to another has become commonplace. People everywhere are gaining 40 , and this is just the beginning. Out mobility places us in 41 with people from other cultures. And when we meet, we 42 to communicate. In fact, we must communicate. This communicative 43 is called intercultural communication. It occurs whenever a message 44 is a member of one culture and a message receiver is of 45 . We may find intercultural communication difficult. Even 46 we overcome the natural barriers of language differences, we may 47 to understand and to be understood. Misunderstanding may even become the 48 rather than the exception. In order to communicate effectively and 49 in English, we need, therefore, to become aware of the 50 between language and culture. Language is part of culture and plays an important role in it. Without language, culture would not be possible. One the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture; it reflects culture. In the broad sense, language is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comprises their historical backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living the thinking. It needs to be stressed here that language and culture interact, and that understanding of one requires understanding of the other.

填空题Our Perception Most of us assume that our eyes send an accurate copy of the external world along nerve pathways to the brain, where it is projected on a kind of screen. Yet there is a good deal of evidence that our impressions are not simply mental photographs of what is going on "out there." Rather, our perceptions are filtered through the lens of our previous experiences, attitudes and beliefs. This is true of even the simplest kinds of perception. For example, when a car appears on the 1 your eyes send an image of a miniature automobile to your 2 , an image that grows larger as the car approaches. What you 3 , however, is a normal-sized car, because you know that cars do not 4 and contract. If the car is yours and you know it"s 5 , you will perceive it as blue whether it"s in bright sunlight, dark shadow, or under a yellow 6 . In much the same way, we adjust our social perceptions to 7 what we know—or think we know. An old 8 illustrates this. A man and his son are in an accident. The 9 is killed; the boy is rushed to the hospital for emergency 10 . The surgeon comes into the operating room, looks at the boy, and 11 , "I can"t operate. That"s my son." Who is the surgeon? The boy"s mother. Many people are 12 by this riddle because they expect a doctor (especially a surgeon) to be a 13 . All of us have this tendency to interpret communications in the 14 of our own ideas and beliefs. Sometimes, different people may 15 different messages in the same communication. Take the TV 16 All in the Family . Students viewers who had been identified 17 highly prejudiced saw the main character, a bigoted white man 18 Archie Bunker, as a likeable grouch who won most of his 19 with members of his family. Students who were low in prejudice thought 20 Archie lost these arguments and that the whole point of the show was to ridicule his prejudices. In short, our perceptions of the social world are anything but accurate copies of what is going on outside. We pick and choose, according to our expectations, and we fit what we see into a mental image of reality which we have already formed. In large part, what we "see" is determined by where we stand in the social system. Ask a fourth-grader, a teacher, a principal, a janitor, and a parent to describe the same school, and you will get five different pictures. Each has different information, and each looks at the same "facts" in a different way. Ask a man and wife to describe their marriage, and you might not know they were talking about the same family. "His" marriage and "her" marriage may be quite different. What is common sense to a man may be nonsense to a woman!

填空题Compared with the immediate practical responsibility of the scientist, the (1) of the artist must seem puny. The decision which faces (2) is not one of practical action: of course he will try to throw this (3) into the scale, and that weight, if he is a writer or (4) a painter of genius, may have its effect. For the novelist—in our society the only artist who has a mass audience and at the same time effective economic control of the means of addressing (5) —the hope of some decisive influence is a reasonable (6) . For him, since he takes of all artists (7) is probably the largest portion of his culture as material, there is no (8) escape from the necessity for treating the content of his work seriously than (9) is for the social psychologist he is coming so closely to resemble. The dichotomy which people have tried to establish between artistic proficiency and (10) content is becoming unbearable to almost all sensitive minds. I doubt if it has ever been real— we might have admired Shelley as (11) if he had been indifferent to such things as war and tyranny, though I doubt it; certainly (12) he been indifferent we should never have been led by (13) . There is no Hippocratic oath in literature, and I am not attempting to draw (14) up. As far as I am concerned, the artist is a human being writ large and his (15) are the ethics of any human being. Perhaps I can best illustrate (16) seems to me the new (17) of those duties of assertion and refusal from one writer, and I do not (18) it is without significance that this (19) projects the whole situation of choice into a scientific parable, the (20) of a pestilence: a (21) many human (22) are called to fight against, called not by any supernatural (23) but by the simple fact that the fight against a plague is (24) like a biological human (25) .

填空题It never occurred to him that he and his doing were not of the most intense and fascinating interest to anyone with whom he came in contact. He had theories about almost any subject under the sun, including vegetarianism, the drama, politics, and music; and in support of these theories he wrote pamphlets, letters, books.., thousands upon thousands of words, hundreds and hundreds of pages. He not only wrote these things, and published them—usually at somebody else"s expense—but he would sit and read them aloud, for hours, to his friends and his family. He had the emotional stability of a six-year-old child. When he felt out of sorts, he would rave and stamp, or sink into suicidal gloom and talk darkly of going to the East to end his days as a Buddhist monk. Ten minutes later, when something pleased him, he would rush out of doors and run around the garden, or jump up and down on the sofa, or stand on his head. He was almost innocent of any sense of responsibility. Not only did he seem incapable of supporting himself, but it never 21 to him that he was under any obligation to do so. He was convinced that the 22 owed him a living. In support of this belief, he borrowed 23 from everybody who was good for a loan—men, women, friends, or 24 . He wrote begging letters by the score, sometimes groveling 25 shame, at others loftily offering his intended benefactor the privilege of 26 to his support, and being mortally offended if the recipient declined the 27 . I have found no record of his ever paying or repaying money to 28 who did not have a legal claim upon it. The name of this monster was Richard Wagner. Everything that I have said about him you can find 29 record: in newspapers, in police reports, in the testimony of people who knew him, in his own letters, 30 the lines of his autobiography. And the curious thing about this record is 31 it doesn"t matter in the least. Because this undersized, sickly, 32 , fascinating little man was right all the time. The joke was 33 us. He was one of the world"s greatest dramatists; he was a great 34 ; he was one of the most stupendous musical geniuses that, up to now, the world has 35 seen. The world did owe him a living. When you consider what he wrote: thirteen operas and 36 dramas, eleven of them still holding the stage, eight of them unquestionably 37 ranking among the world"s great musical-dramatic masterpieces: when you listen to 38 he wrote, the debts and heartaches that people had to endure from him don"t 39 much of a price. Think of the luxury with which for a time, at least, fate 40 Napoleon, the man who ruined France and looted Europe; and then 41 you will agree that a few thousand dollars" worth of debts were not too 42 a price to pay for the Ring trilogy. Listening to his music, one does not forgive him for what he 43 or may not have been. It is not a matter of forgiveness. It is a 44 of being dumb with wonder that his poor brain and body didn"t burst 45 the torment of the demon of creative energy that lived inside him, 46 , clawing, scratching to be released; tearing, shrieking at him to 47 the music that was in him. The miracle is that what he did in the little 48 of seventy years could have been done at all, even by a great 49 . Is it any wonder that he had no time to be a man?