The conclusion reached at the workshop was that the manufacturing process was obsolete .

She had just________the shell of the hard-boiled egg and was starting to peel it off.

Is test anxiety destructive? Can we make test anxiety work for us? The answer to both of these questions is yes. Test anxiety often interferes with student performance but this same test anxiety, if channeled correctly, can help improve performance. In order to lessen the destructive elements of test anxiety, the approach should be to develop improved confidence and knowledge. As your knowledge of the course material increases, your confidence in your ability to succeed will increase. As your confidence increases, your anxiety will go down, allowing your knowledge to come through more efficiently. The way you prepare for a test can reduce anxiety during the test. You will be surprised how confident you will feel if you know the material. Studies of memory show if you want to be able to recall information from text or lecture you have to review that material several times. It is important to know your own abilities and operate accordingly. If you know that you learn best by listening, prepare a tape of significant material and listen to the tape. Study partners or study groups are often useful for self-testing. Experience in stressful situations tends to lessen anxiety in those situations. One way to help yourself retrieve material is through the use of mnemonic codes. Learn a code that lets you remember complex material. Developing an outline for an essay question that you know will be on the test or memorizing a formula are forms of code development. Students are often frustrated by the sheer volume of material that has to be studied in college. Many instructors conduct reviews, give hints, identify what is important to study, use handouts or overhead transparency outlines. These materials should be at the top of your study list. If the instructor took the time to identify them, you should assume that they will play an important part of the test. While knowledge acquired during test preparation can help reduce anxiety, it is another thing to take the test itself. Following are a few suggestions to help reduce anxiety during the test. When I arrive at a test, I often find students flipping text pages at the last minute trying to cram it all in at the end. You would be better off trying to relax, meditating a little, and clearing your mind to allow yourself the ability to concentrate on the questions that are coming. As soon as the instructor gives you the signal to start, dump out formulas, codes, outlines from your memory onto the test answer sheets so that you will not have to worry about whether you will remember the codes long enough until you get to the appropriate test question. You can build your confidence if you go through the test and answer all of the questions that you know first. Go back and work on those questions that need greater analysis, or that need to be worked out or need to be guessed at and your anxiety will not kick in until later in the test. For those of you whose anxiety increases as study and preparation increase, your goal should be to start concentrating on things that take your mind off the test, i. e. , television, books, hobbies, movies, etc. Meditation and aerobic exercise have proven to be very useful methods for reducing undesirable effects of stress. The solution to reducing the destructive influences of stress is to plan to study. Map out a schedule of when you will study each day. Identify the specific topics that you will study each day. Identify the areas of the material that you have had problems with and study those. Your plan should include reading the text material, reviewing notes and homework assignments, identifying material that needs further explanation, developing codes for memory material and testing yourself. Once you have studied adequately, your confidence will be fairly high, your knowledge will be satisfactory to do well on the test and the stomach butterflies will help you focus on the task at hand. I'd wish you good luck on finals, but you and I both know that the more effectively you study, the luckier you will get.

No revolutions in technology have as visibly marked the human condition as those in transport. Moving goods and people, they have opened continents, transformed living standards, spread diseases, fashions and folk around the world. Yet technologies to transport ideas and information across long distances have arguably achieved even more: they have spread knowledge, the basis of economic growth. The most basic of all these, the written word, was already ancient by 1000. By then China had, in basic form, the printing press, using carved woodblocks. But the key to its future, movable metal type, was four centuries away. The Chinese were hampered by their thousands of ideograms. Even so, they quite soon invented the primitive movable type, made of clay, and by the 13th century they had the movable wooden type. But the real secret was the use of an easily cast metal. When it came, Europe — aided by simple Western alphabets — leapt forward with it. One reason why Asia's civilizations, in 1000 far ahead of Europe's, then fell behind was that they lacked the technology to reproduce and diffuse ideas. On Johannes Gutenberg's invention in the 1440s were built not just the Reformation and the Enlightenment, but Europe's agricultural and industrial revolutions too. Yet information technology on its own would not have got far. Literally: better transport technology too was needed. That was not lacking, but here the big change came much later: it was railways and steamships that first allowed the speedy, widespread dissemination of news and ideas over long distances. And both technologies in turn required people and organizations to develop their use. They got them: for individual communication, the postal service; for wider publics, the publishing industry. Throughout the 19th century, the postal service formed the bedrock of national and international communications. Crucial to its growth had been the introduction of the stamp, combined with a low price, and payment by the sender. Britain put all three of these ideas into effect in 1840. By then, the world's mail was taking off. It changed the world. Merchants in America's eastern cities used it to gather information, enraging far-off cotton growers and farmers, who found that New Yorkers knew more about crop prices than they did. In the American debate about slavery, it offered abolitionists a low-cost way to spread their views, just as later technologies have cut the cost and widened the scope of political lobbying. The post helped too to integrate the American nation, tying the newly opened west to the settled east. Everywhere, its development drove and was driven by those of transport. In Britain, travelers rode by mail coach to posting inns. In America, the post subsidized road-building. Indeed, argues Dan Schiller, a professor of communications at the University of California, it was the connection between the post, transport and national integration that ensured that the mail remained a public enterprise even in the United States, its first and only government-run communications medium, and until at least the 1870s, the biggest organization in the land. The change has not only been one of speed and distance, though, but of audience. About 200 years ago, a man's words could reach no further than his voice, not just in range but in whom they reached. But, for some purposes, efficient communication is mass communication, regular, cheap, quick and reliable. When it became possible, it transformed the world.

The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks and charlatans — disreputable women and men with little or no medical knowledge who promise quick cures at cheap prices. The reasons why quackery thrives even in modern times are easy to find. To begin with, pain seems to be a chronic human condition. A person whose body or mind hurts" will often pay any amount of money for the promise of relief. Second, even the best medical treatment cannot cure all the ills that beset men and women. People who mistrust or dislike the truths that their physicians tell them often turn to more sympathetic ears. Many people lack the training necessary to evaluate medical claims. Given the choice between (a) a reputable physician who says a cure for cancer will be long, expensive and may not work at all, and (b) a salesperson who says that several bottles of a secret formula "snake oil" will cure not only cancer but tuberculosis as well, some individuals will opt for "snake oil" Many "snake oil" remedies are highly laced with alcohol or narcotic drugs. Anyone who drinks them may get so drunk or stoned that they drown their pains in the rising tide of pleasant intoxication. Little wonder that "snake oil" is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts! But let there be no misunderstandings. A very few "home remedies" actually work. However, most remedies sold by quacks are not only useless, but often can be harmful as well.

A court-martial has but recently decided to acquit him .

As an English major student at one of the most famous universities in China, I strongly believe that business English is more practical than other fields.

The belief is the legendary lost continent of Atlantis may someday be found.

I don't think you can persuade him; he always________to his own principles.

By using new foreign textbooks, we could not only learn the right expression of business ideas, but also we will know the lastest developments in the business world.

I knew nothing of the motives behind his recent move, and I don't know either the person to put him up to the action.

That boy is suffering from unrequited love and pines away.

Despite of their opposition, he went his own way and started his preparations.

The dichotomy postulated by many between idealism and realism is one of the standard cliches of the ongoing debate over international affairs.

Sino-foreign educational program on business is popular in China now, and the demand for high level interpretation is great.

Next fall, when you see geese heading south for the winter, flying along in "V" formation, you might consider what science has discovered as to why they fly that way. As each bird flaps its wings, it creates an up-lift for the bird immediately following. By flying in "V" formation, the whole flock adds at least 71 percent greater flying【C1】______ than if each bird flew on its own. People who share a common direction and 【C2】______ of community can get 【C3】______ they are going more quickly and easily, because they are traveling【C4】______ the thrust of one another. When a goose falls out of【C5】______, it suddenly feels the drag and resistance【C6】______ trying to go it alone and quickly gets back into the formation to take【C7】______ of the lifting power of the bird【C8】______ front. If we have as much sense as a goose, we will【C9】______ in formation with those people who are 【C10】______ the same way we are. When the head goose gets tired, it【C11】______ back in the wing and another goose flies to the【C12】______. It is【C13】______ to take turns doing demanding jobs, whether with people or with geese 【C14】______ south. Geese honk from behind to encourage those【C15】______ front to keep up their speed. Finally, and this is important, when a goose gets sick or is【C16】______ by gunshot, and falls out of formation, two other geese fall【C17】______ with that goose and follow it down to【C18】______ help and protection. They stay with the fallen goose until it is able to fly or 【C19】______; and only then do they launch out on their own, or with another formation to catch up with their group. If we have the sense of a goose, we will stand by each other【C20】______ that.

Johnson was so absorbed in his novel that he forgot about his dinner cooking in the oven.

Some observers say the recent coup of a military government in that country will lead to anarchy .

I don't doubt how the plan will be well received.

Benjamin Franklin was remembered for his good judgment .