填空题Commercial banks make most of their income from interest earning on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.

填空题{{B}}B The Culture Debate in the US:Whose Culture Is This ,Anyway?美国的文化辩论：空间是谁的文化？{{/B}} Part of the debate about culture revolves around issues of perspective and ownership. Within a nation such{{U}} (1) {{/U}} the United States—a nation whose cultural heritage includes elements from every corner of the world{{U}} (2) {{/U}}are a great many perspectives coexisting and intertwining in the cultural fabriC．When we all ask{{U}} (3) {{/U}}as individuals, "what belongs to me, to my culture?" we are rewarded with a spectacular variety of{{U}} (4) {{/U}}; in this way, different perspectives and ownership of different cultural traditions enriches everyone. But when we ask " {{U}}(5) {{/U}}belongs to us, to our culture?" we ask a much harder question. Do the people of the{{U}} (6) {{/U}}States, or of any culturally complex human society, necessarily share common cultural elements? If so, who gets{{U}} (7) {{/U}}decide what those elements are? This debate is a crucial one in many cultures throughout the world{{U}} (8) {{/U}}. In the US, the debate promises to impact the way we educate our children—that is,{{U}} (9) {{/U}}manner and shape in which culture reproduces itself—and the way we write our laws. In{{U}} (10) {{/U}} countries, equally crucial issues are at stake. For many people, what is at stake is the character{{U}} (11) {{/U}} US national identity. Hirsch argues that this identity needs to become less culturally fragmented; others, like Walker, {{U}}(12) {{/U}} that the national character gets its strength from cultural diversity, from the freedom (at home and in{{U}} (13) {{/U}}) to celebrate, honor, and reproduce different cultural traditions. Those who take this latter view follow the reasoning{{U}} (14) {{/U}} Shweder, arguing that we need to accept that there are multiple valid cultural perspectives and that two{{U}} (15) {{/U}} perspectives can both be valid even though they might contradict one another. Recognize that the position you{{U}} (16) {{/U}} in this debate about culture—whatever position you take—is a political one with implications{{U}} (17) {{/U}} what we should value, what we should praise, what we should accept, what we should teach. When{{U}} (18) {{/U}} reflect on this debate, when you contribute your own voice to the discussion, try to be{{U}} (19) {{/U}} of the implications that follow from your position. When you listen to the voices of others, try to {{U}}(20) {{/U}} with awareness, deciding for yourself what is at stake and how their positions relate to your own.

填空题Public Education in the United States美国的公立教育 The national system of formal education in the United States developed in the 19 th century. It 21 from educational systems of other Western societies in three fundamental respects. First, Americans were more inclined 22 regard education as a solution to various social problems. Second, because they had this confidence in 23 power of education, Americans provided more years of schooling for a larger percentage of the population 24 other countries. Third, educational institutions were primarily governed by local authorities rather than by federal ones. 25 most notable characteristic of the American education system is the large number of people it serves. 26 2002, 86 percent of Americans between age 25 and 29 had graduated from high school, 58 27 had completed at least some college, and 29 percent had earned at least a bachelor"s degree. 28 access to college education is an important priority for US government. After the American Revolution (1775-1783), the 29 of the United States argued that education was essential for the prosperity and survival 30 the new nation. Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence, proposed that Americans give a 31 priority to a "crusade against ignorance". Jefferson was the first American leader to suggest creating a 32 of free schools for all persons that would be publicly supported through taxes. His plans for 33 educational and for publicly funded schools formed the basis of educational systems developed in the 19th 34 . Until the 1840s American education was not a system at all, but a disjointed collection of 35 , regional, and usually private institutions. The extent of schooling and the type of education available depended 36 the resources and values of the particular town or city, on the activities of religious groups 37 to further their ends through schools and colleges, and on many other private groups—such 38 philanthropic associations and trade organizations—that created different types of schools for different reasons. Most 39 only provided educational opportunities for boys from wealthy families. Public governing bodies were rarely involved in 40 financing or control of schools.

填空题President Bush's push to oust Saddam Hussein (1) power soon became more than a foreign-policy initiative; the (2) and his allies used it as a wedge issue (3) Democrats in the run-up to the 2002 elections. "After 9/11, he (4) a country that said, 'We're ready to follow,'" (5) Rep. Rahm Emanual, D-Ⅲ., a former top aide to President Bill (6) and now a member of the House Democratic leadership. "There (7) so much we could have done. But he said, 'Go shopping', (8) then he divided the nation. " The hyper-political push for (9) cost him the support of Democrats; there would be no (10) big bipartisan successes for him to celebrate, such as his (11) education law, No Child Left BehinD． Republicans stayed with him, (12) , and while they controlled Congress, that was often enough. It (13) him politically potent through the 2002 and 2004 campaigns. But (14) spending programs and other breaks with conservative dogma hurt the (15) standing inside the GOP, and he never really worked the Washingtongame to (16) relationships with members of Congress. In his (17) term, Democrats scuttled Social Security reform even before the president (18) file a bill. Opposition to Bush became their organizing principle—the formula they rode to success in 2006, (19) the botched federal response to Hurricane Katrina and a continuing war left (20) as damaged goods.

填空题Arrernte Language阿兰达语 The Arrernte region is large and traditional, there are many different 1 areas within it, each with their own dialect. Language is strongly 2 with family membership and the relationships to land and Dreamings that 3 with this. Identifying as a speaker of a particular language or 4 can be very important for Arrernte people in a way that 5 beyond just the actual language. It is a way of expressing 6 in a particular family, or association to particular country. The differences 7 dialects, even when they are only small differences, are often very 8 to speakers. The coming together of speakers of different dialects of 9 in Alice Springs, in government and mission settlements, and on cattle 10 , has also resulted in some confusion about the traditional dialect distinctions 11 the area. There have been quite large changes in some dialects 12 older generations to younger, and there are many words that only 13 oldest speakers now know. Arrernte people still know the different family 14 , but it is sometimes less clear which ones a particular word 15 in. From time immemorial—that is, as far back as 16 go—the boundaries of the tribes have been where they 17 now fixed. Within them their ancestors roamed about, hunting and performing 18 ceremonies just as their living descendants do at the present day. 19 has never apparently been the least attempt made by one tribe 20 encroach upon the territory of another.

填空题Sociology is a social science that studies (1) societies, their interactions, and the processes that (2) and change them. It does this by (3) the dynamics of constituent parts of societies (4) as institutions, communities, populations, and gender, racial, (5) age groups. Sociology also studies social status (6) stratification, social movements, and social change, as (7) as societal disorder in the form of (8) , deviance, and revolution. Social life overwhelmingly regulates (9) behaviour of humans, largely because humans lack (10) instincts that guide most animal behaviour. Humans (11) depend on social institutions and organizations to (12) their decisions and actions. Given the important (13) organizations play in influencing human action, it (14) sociology's task to discover how organizations affect (15) behaviour of persons, how they are established, (16) organizations interact with one another, how they (17) , and, ultimately, how they disappear. Among the (18) basic organizational structures are economic, religious, educational, (19) political institutions, as well as more specialized (20) such as the family, the community, the military, peer groups, clubs, and volunteer associations.

填空题Having eaten the cherry pie, I struck several pits and nearly broke a tooth.

填空题In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing the words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing worD．The time for this section is 20 minutes. Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.{{U}} (1) {{/U}}is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has{{U}} (2) {{/U}}language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one{{U}} (3) {{/U}}. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men{{U}} (4) {{/U}}a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people{{U}} (5) {{/U}}cultures are underdeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the{{U}} (6) {{/U}}they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities{{U}} (7) {{/U}}must have been tens of thousands of years in development. This has not{{U}} (8) {{/U}}been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stateD．Popular ideas{{U}} (9) {{/U}}the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians{{U}} (10) {{/U}}in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this{{U}} (11) {{/U}}be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them{{U}} (12) {{/U}}out to be very complicated and very old．They are certainly{{U}} (13) {{/U}}from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are{{U}} (14) {{/U}}more primitive that English and Greek. A third thing we know about language{{U}} (15) {{/U}}that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect{{U}} (16) {{/U}}of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally, we{{U}} (17) {{/U}}that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the{{U}} (18) {{/U}}languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to{{U}} (19) {{/U}}if we look backward in time. Change goes in all aspects of language.{{U}} (20) {{/U}}features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

填空题If keeping in the fridge, the fruit can remain fresh for more than a week.

填空题The boiling-range cuts may vary depended on the type of crude oil and processing scheme to be employed.

填空题{{B}}B The Beatles甲壳虫乐队{{/B}} The English rock music group The Beatles gave the 1960s its characteristic musical flavor and {{U}} (1) {{/U}}a profound influence on the course of popular music, equaled by{{U}} (2) {{/U}}performers. The guitarists John Winston Lennon, James Paul McCartney, and George Harrison; and the drummer Ringo Starr, were all born and{{U}} (3) {{/U}}in Liverpool. Lennon and McCartney had played together in a group called The Quarrymen. With Harrison,{{U}} (4) {{/U}}formed their own group, The Silver Beatles, in 1959, and Starr joined them in 1962. As {{U}} (5) {{/U}}Beatles, they developed a local following in Liverpool clubs, and their first recordings, "Love Me Do" (1962) and "Please Please Me" (1963), quickly made them Britain's top rock group. Their early music was{{U}} (6) {{/U}}by the American rock singers Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley, but they infused a hackneyed musical{{U}} (7) {{/U}}with freshness, vitality, and wit. The release of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" in 1964{{U}} (8) {{/U}}the beginning of the phenomenon known as"Beatlemania" in the United States. The Beatle's first US{{U}} (9) {{/U}}aroused a universal mob adulation. Their concerts were scenes of mass worship, and their records sold{{U}} (10) {{/U}}the millions. Their first film, the innovative A Hard Day's Night(1964), was received enthusiastically{{U}} (11) {{/U}}a wide audience that included many who had never before listened to rock music． Composing their own{{U}} (12) {{/U}}, The Beatles established the precedent for other rock groups to play their own music．Experimenting with{{U}} (13) {{/U}}musical forms, they produced an extraordinary{{U}} (14) {{/U}}of songs: the childishly simple "Yellow Submarine" ; the bitter social commentary of "Eleanor Rigby" ; parodies of earlier pop styles; new electronic sounds; and compositions that were scored for cellos, violins, trumpets, and sitars, as well as for conventional guitars and drums. The{{U}} (15) {{/U}}disbanded in 1970, after the release of their final album, Let It Be, and during the 1970s{{U}} (16) {{/U}}individual careers, On dec.8, 1980, John Lennon {{U}} (17) {{/U}}fatally shot outside his Manhattan apartment by Mark Chapman, a 25-year-old former mental{{U}} (18) {{/U}}who, earlier that same day, had asked Lennon for his{{U}} (19) {{/U}}. Lennon's murder was universally{{U}} (20) {{/U}}with an intensity of feeling usually inspired only by political and spiritual leaders.

填空题 Insurance is the sharing of {{U}}(1) {{/U}}. Nearly everyone is exposed {{U}}(2) {{/U}} risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his {{U}}(3) {{/U}} can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by {{U}}(4) {{/U}} and {{U}}(5) {{/U}} his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a {{U}}(6) {{/U}} stun of money into a pool, there will be enough to {{U}}(7) {{/U}} the needs of the few who do suffer {{U}}(8) {{/U}}. In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the {{U}}(9) {{/U}}. This is the basis of {{U}}(10) {{/U}}. Those who pay the contributions are known as {{U}}(11) {{/U}} and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer. The {{U}}(12) {{/U}} for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested {{U}}(13) {{/U}} past experience. If the companies fix their premiums too {{U}}(14) {{/U}}, there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose {{U}}(15) {{/U}}. On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have {{U}}(16) {{/U}} and may even have to drop out {{U}}(17) {{/U}} business. So the ordinary forces of supply and {{U}}(18) {{/U}} keep premiums at a proper {{U}}(19) {{/U}} to both insurers and those who {{U}}(20) {{/U}} insurance.

填空题Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively (1) with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their (2) : What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I (3) unattractive clothes? It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person (4) affects other people's (5) . In (6) , the way people think about (7) has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. Shy people, having low (8) , are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing "the right thing." Shy people are very (9) to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of (10) . A shy person may respond to a (11) with a statement like this one: "You're just saying that to make me (12) good. I know it's not true." It is clear that, (13) self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful. Can shyness be (14) eliminated, or at (15) reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building (16) . Since (17) goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their (18) as well as their strengths. For example, most people would like to be "A" students in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves (19) because they have difficulty in some areas. People's (20) of themselves must be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to sense of inadequacy.

填空题The material adding to steel increases the metal"s hardness.

填空题Part of the debate about culture revolves around issues of perspective and ownership. Within a nation such (1) the United States—a nation whose cultural heritage includes elements from every corner of the world (2) are a great many perspectives coexisting and intertwining in the cultural fabriC．When we all ask (3) as individuals, "what belongs to me, to my culture?" we are rewarded with a spectacular variety of (4) ; in this way, different perspectives and ownership of different cultural traditions enriches everyone. But when we ask " (5) belongs to us, to our culture?" we ask a much harder question. Do the people of the (6) States, or of any culturally complex human society, necessarily share common cultural elements? If so, who gets (7) decide what those elements are? This debate is a crucial one in many cultures throughout the world (8) . In the US, the debate promises to impact the way we educate our children—that is, (9) manner and shape in which culture reproduces itself—and the way we write our laws. In (10) countries, equally crucial issues are at stake. For many people, what is at stake is the character (11) US national identity. Hirsch argues that this identity needs to become less culturally fragmented; others, like Walker, (12) that the national character gets its strength from cultural diversity, from the freedom (at home and in (13) ) to celebrate, honor, and reproduce different cultural traditions. Those who take this latter view follow the reasoning (14) Shweder, arguing that we need to accept that there are multiple valid cultural perspectives and that two (15) perspectives can both be valid even though they might contradict one another. Recognize that the position you (16) in this debate about culture—whatever position you take—is a political one with implications (17) what we should value, what we should praise, what we should accept, what we should teach. When (18) reflect on this debate, when you contribute your own voice to the discussion, try to be (19) of the implications that follow from your position. When you listen to the voices of others, try to (20) with awareness, deciding for yourself what is at stake and how their positions relate to your own.

填空题 The United States counts its population every ten years, and each census reveals that the racial and ethnic mix is changing dramatically, so by the year 2050, the "average" American will not be descended from {{U}}(1) {{/U}} , but the majority of U. S. residents will trace {{U}}(2) {{/U}} ancestry to Africa, Asia, the Hispanic world, the Pacific Islands, or the Middle East. Once the United States was a microcosm of European nationalities, {{U}}(3) {{/U}} the United States is a microcosm of the world. The United States is {{U}}(4) {{/U}} considered a "melting pot" society by many of its residents. {{U}}(5) {{/U}}, many people prefer the term "salad bowl." They use this {{U}}(6) {{/U}} to describe American society. American society will soon be {{U}}(7) {{/U}} nonwhite. "Melting pot" implies that the different ethnic groups blend together {{U}}(8) {{/U}} one homogeneous {{U}}(9) {{/U}}, "salad bowl" {{U}}(10) {{/U}} that nationalities, like the ingredients in a mixed green salad, retain their cultural {{U}}(11) {{/U}}. Earlier generations of {{U}}(12) {{/U}} believed they had to learn English quickly not only to survive but also for {{U}}(13) {{/U}}. Now, many immigrant groups do not {{U}}(14) {{/U}} the same need. Because there are many places in America {{U}}(15) {{/U}} you can work, shop, get medical care, marry, divorce and die without knowing English. {{U}}(16) {{/U}}, Chinatown in San Francisco and New York. Also, Los Angeles has many Vietnamese immigrants and immigrants from Mexico. {{U}}(17) {{/U}}, many immigrant groups want their children to know their {{U}}(18) {{/U}} culture. Many Hispanics, for instance, want their children to learn {{U}}(19) {{/U}} English and Spanish and study the Spanish language in school. They are fighting for the {{U}}(20) {{/U}} to bilingual education in many communities. In many communities they are in the majority.

填空题Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior. Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires. Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.

填空题{{B}}B Egyptian Villages 埃及村落{{/B}} Most of the inhabitants live in mud-brick homes, their{{U}} (1) {{/U}} walls insulating against the afternoon heat. Flat roofs, exposed{{U}} (2) {{/U}} the northern evening breezes, serve as cool sleeping{{U}} (3) {{/U}} as well as storage areas. Villagers plaster the outer walls{{U}} (4) {{/U}} often trim them in blue, a color they believe{{U}} (5) {{/U}} off the evil eye. As a man becomes richer, {{U}}(6) {{/U}} can add a second story to his house perhaps{{U}} (7) {{/U}} his married son. Those villagers who have made the{{U}} (8) {{/U}} to Mecca paint the legend of their trip on{{U}} (9) {{/U}} outer walls of their homes. Such hajj houses, along{{U}} (10) {{/U}} the mosques, are the most distinguished buildings in a{{U}} (11) {{/U}}. Some villagers build ornate pigeon coops close to their{{U}} (12) {{/U}}, using the birds as food and their droppings to{{U}} (13) {{/U}} crops. Many houses still have dirt floors and lack {{U}}(14) {{/U}} or running water; women with jars balanced on their{{U}} (15) {{/U}} make the trek to the community well, and children donkeys haul the{{U}} (16) {{/U}} liquid in jerry cans. All{{U}} (17) {{/U}} said, government sponsored building programs have also brought newer {{U}}(18) {{/U}} residences and utilities to some villages, particularly those outside{{U}} (19) {{/U}} Nile Valley in the Oases and the Red Sea{{U}} (20) {{/U}} areas.

填空题The average age for women to marry is between 18 and 25.25 tend to (1) when somewhat older. A church wedding often (2) the legal civil ceremony, and a large reception, which often involves (3) music and dancing, is held in the evening. Wedding traditions include (4) money on the bride's dress to represent future prosperity, the groom (5) the bride at her home, and the couple pulling on opposite (6) of a loaf of bread—whoever gets the largest piece will be (7) boss of the family. Honeymoons are a new tradition. The principle (8) mutual support is valued in the Bulgarian family. The elderly are (9) cared for by their adult children. Unmarried adults live with their (10) and many newly married couples live with one set of parents (11) they are able to get housing of their own. Most families (12) urban areas live in apartments, which are in short supply, while (13) in rural areas usually have their own houses. Many village houses (14) owned by families who live in urban areas, who use them_ (15) summer and weekend retreats, or for retired parents. Most families in (16) areas do not have more than two children, while families in (17) areas tend to be larger. Grandparents play an important role in (18) care, particularly in urban areas, where most women work outside the (19) . Men of the younger generation have begun to help with household (20) , once considered only women's responsibility.

填空题Because its leaves remain green long after picking, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.