单选题 This agenda is a plan of action for people, the planet and prosperity. It seeks to strengthen universal peace and larger freedom. We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development. We are resolved to free the human race from poverty and heal and protect our planet.We are determined to take bold and trans formative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilient path. The 17 sustainable development goals and 169 targets which we are announcing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this new global agenda. They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and empowerment for all women and girls. They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development:economic, social and environmental. The goals will stimulate action over the next 15 years in areas of critical importance for humanity and the planet. We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to sustainable development. Billions of our citizens are denied a life of dignity. There are rising inequalities within and among countries. Gender inequality remains a key challenge. Unemployment is a major concern. Global health threats, frequent and intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism, related humanitarian crises and forced displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades. Natural resource depletion and the adverse impacts of environmental degradation,including desertification, drought, land degradation, freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity, add to and exacerbate the list of challenges which humanity faces. Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time, and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achieve sustainable development. The survival of many societies and of the biological support systems of the planet are at risk. The Millennium Development Goals identified some 15 years ago provided an important framework for development, and significant progress has been made in a number of areas.But the progress has been uneven, particularly in Africa, the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small-island developing states. And some of the Millennium Development Goals remain off track, in particular those related to maternal, newborn and child health and to reproductive health. We recommit ourselves to the full realization of all the Millennium Development Goals, including the off-track Millennium Development Goals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistance to the least developed countries and other countries in special situations, inline with relevant support programs. The new agenda builds on the existing Millennium Development Goals and seeks to complete what these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the most vulnerable countries.

单选题 改革开放30多年来，西藏通过深化改革和扩大开放积极推动全区商业、对外贸易和旅游产业加快发展，不仅增强了与内地的交流，同时还加快了与世界的联系和合作。1993年西藏与全国一道开始建立“框架一致、体制衔接”的社会主义市场经济体制，深化物资、粮食、日用消费品等领域价格流通改革并全面进入市场。 目前，西藏已经深深融入全国统一的市场体系，来自全国和世界各地的商品源源不断地进入西藏，丰富着城乡市场和百姓生活。西藏的名、优、特产品及民族手工业产品，大量进入全国市场。西藏与世界的经济联系日益密切。2012年，全区进出口总额为34.24亿美元，是1953年400万美元的850多倍，年均增长12.1%。西藏立足区位优势，实施面向南亚的陆路贸易大通道建设，大力发展边境贸易。

单选题 Libraries form a vital part of the world's systems of communication and education. They make available knowledge accumulated through the ages. People in all walks of life use library resources in their work. People also turn to libraries to satisfy a desire for knowledge or to obtain material for leisure-time activity. In addition, many people enjoy book discussions, concerts, film programs, lectures, story hours, and a variety of other activities provided by libraries. Libraries also play an important role in preserving a society's cultural heritage(遗产). The library ranks as one of society's most useful service institutions. The contents of libraries have changed so much through the years that the word library itself is, in a sense, inaccurate. The word comes from the Latin word liber, which means book. Today's libraries house many books, of course. However, they also have a wide variety of other materials that communicate, educate, and entertain. These materials include magazines, manuscripts (手稿), newspapers, and computer documents. Audio and visual materials include CDs, audiocassette tapes, videotapes, films, maps, paintings, and photographs. In addition to regular books, a library may have large-type books, books for the blind, and tape recordings of books, called talking books. Librarians keep pace with the changing contents of libraries to serve as many people as possible. Their efforts have turned libraries into multimedia resource centers. The expansion of library contents greatly increases the library's ability to communicate and educate. For example, people interested in classical music can listen to CDs and read books on the topic. Students of agriculture can read magazines and watch videotapes on farming methods. Many people use magazines and newspapers to find the most up-to-date material on current events. In addition to expanding contents, librarians have developed many kinds of libraries to serve the needs of different people. The materials of each kind of library are selected to meet the needs of a specific group of patrons. School libraries have collections that provide the information needed by elementary and high school students. Public libraries tailor their collections to the general public. Government library collections are geared chiefly toward serving the needs of government officials. Thousands of special libraries provide information for professional people, such as advertising specialists, bankers, editors, engineers, lawyers, physicians, and scientists.

单选题Para.1①CindyShermanisastrangelyelusiveartist.②Herfacehasbecomefamousthroughthephotographsshetakesofherself,butherworkisnotautobiographical.③Covetedbycollectorsandextolledbycritics,herimagesexplorerawhumanemotionandcommonartifice—withoutrevealingwhoshereallyis.Para.2①AretrospectiveattheMuseumofModemArt(MoMA)inNewYorkdemonstratesthatalthoughthe58-year-oldAmericanmaybeherownmodel,sheisnotherownmuse.②Herninth-floorManhattanstudioalsooffersclues.③Pinnedtothewallsaremagazinecuttingsandcomputerprintoutsofpeopleinwhatshecalls'preposterous'positions.④ItisherethatMsShermanmutatesintotheobjectsofherfascination.Para.3①Whydoesthephotographerappearinmostofherwork?②Onereasonisshyness.③Disguisescanbeliberatinganddelegatingcanbearduous;shetriedhiringmodelsonce,butfoundshehatedit.④MsShermanenjoysworkingaloneanddoingeverythingherself.⑤Shehasalsoexperimentedwithstilllifesinwhichshedoesnotappear.⑥Theseimagesappealtoherhard-corefansbuttheylackthelife,literally,ofherotherwork.⑦Theyarealsohardtosell.⑧WhencollectorsbuyaShermanphotograph,theywanther.⑨Lastyearoneofthe'Centrefold'seriesmade$3.9million,thenarecordforaphotographatauction.⑩Bemusedbyhowmuchcollectorswantherintheframe,theartistmimicsamalevoice:'Isshebehindthatmask?Ionlywantitifsheisinthere!'Para.4①MsShermanbrokeintotheartworldwith'UntitledFilmStills',aseriesof69black-and-whiteimages.②Afictionalarchiveofpublicityshotsinwhichsheposesascharactersinfilmsfromthe1950sand1960s,theworkwasanimmediatehit.③ItsexplorationofmediaculturetookPopArtbeyondcelebratoryconsumerismintoamorecriticalvein.④Anditssatireoffemalestereotypeswassubtlyfeminist—sosubtle,infact,thatafeministarthistorianadvisedtheyoungMsShermantosuperimposetextontheworkstobringouttheirony.Para.5①AmbiguityisacharacteristicofMsSherman'swork.②Oneisneverquitesurewheretheartiststandsinrelationtohercharacters,andtheyinturnareoftendifficulttodefine.③The'Centrefold'seriesof12colourphotosinwhichtheartistshotherselffromabovewithfearfulorpensiveexpressionsaddedalayerofanxietytotheuncertainty.Para.6①AmongMsSherman'smostcelebratedlaterworksareher'Clowns'.②EvaRespini,whohascuratedtheMoMAshow,believesthattheclownisa'stand-in'fortheartist.③Inonepicture,thenameCindyisembroideredonthejacketofaheavilymade-upclownwithprostheticcheeksandnose.④ItistypicalofMsSherman'sstylethatshewouldbedisguisedbeyondallrecognition,lookingsadandugly,inaworkthatflirtswithserf-portraiture.Para.7①MsShermanisakindofactor-directorofstillpictureswhodelvesintotherepresentationofwomen—andoccasionallymen—inWesternsociety.②Whenshefirstembarkedonthisartisticpath,fewwouldhavepredictedthatshecouldmakesomanycompellingbodiesofworkthroughdepictingherself.③Butmuchlikeacharacteractorwhotakespleasureinnailingabitpart,MsShermantakesadetailedinterestinotherswhilemasteringtheartofmakingitup.

单选题 Para. 1 ①People often supposed George Herbert Walker Bush out of the loop in many ways: a boy born to privilege, product of Phillips Academy and Phi Beta Kappa at Yale, who was (falsely) rumoured in the 1992 campaign never to have passed a quart of milk through a supermarket scanner. ②He was a Yankee aristocrat who could have followed his Daddy on to Wall Street but instead became a Texas oil man, and went on to represent the toniest bit of Houston in Congress. ③All this, as well as the tennis-playing summers in Kennebunkport, seemed to set him firmly apart from the average Joe. Para. 2 ①With the label 'preppy' came the tag 'wimp', which infuriated him far more. ②He had had a brave war, enlisting at 18 and completing one mission with his aircraft on fire. ③Later he did not hesitate to send 27,000 troops to dislodge Manuel Noriega from Panama. ④He was not above nasty attack ads in the 1988 campaign, excoriating Michael Dukakis for giving furlough to a black rapist. ⑤But Nixon, who hated Ivy Leaguers, seemed to think him soft; Reagan said he lacked spunk; and his talk of 'Big Mo' and 'kicking ass' on the campaign trail often ended in retreat. ⑥In 1990 a dust-up with Congress forced him to capitulate on his steely election pledge of 'No new taxes'. ⑦This, as well as the brief recession of 1990—1991, cost him the 1992 election, though even as voters went to the polls the figures for growth were ticking upwards, ushering in almost a decade of prosperity. Para. 3 ①What he lacked, as he more or less admitted, was 'the vision thing'. ②Ideologically, he was flexible: moderate sometimes, while at others he would traipse round pandering to conservatives, as George Will cruelly put it, with a thin tinny 'arf', like a lap-dog. ③On domestic policy, as president, he inclined to the hard right, while also loosening immigration policy and expanding the rights of the disabled. ④His forte, and first love, was foreign policy. ⑤He had been ambassador to the UN for Nixon, an envoy to China for Gerald Ford and head of the CIA, besides, as vice-president, a follower-of-the-hearse at dozens of state funerals. ⑥Instinctively, he thought in terms of global power games; fortuitously, his time as president coincided with the end of the cold war, a heady and fascinating moment. ⑦With Mikhail Gorbachev he struck up an easy working friendship, and in 1991, in the wake of the Gulf war, he even had a moment of comprehensive vision: a new world order, based not on force but on the rule of law, which America would strongly lead. Para. 4 ①Such grandiloquence, like eloquence, was rare in him. ②He was schooled in modesty, fond of the small behind-the-scenes gesture rather than the large public show. ③He belonged to a generation that had no patience for today's blowhards who, putting self before nation, always push themselves forward. ④But when the times and events demanded he could, perhaps to his own surprise, find the right words and walk confidently ahead.

单选题 第一段 ①回顾过去五年，诸多矛盾交织叠加，各种风险挑战接踵而至，国内外很多情况是改革开放以来没有碰到过的，我国改革发展成就实属来之不易。 第二段 ②安不忘危，兴不忘忧。③我们清醒认识到，我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，仍是世界最大发展中国家，发展不平衡不充分的一些突出问题尚未解决。④经济增长内生动力还不够足，创新能力还不够强，发展质量和效益不够高，一些企业特别是中小企业经营困难，民间投资增势疲弱，部分地区经济下行压力较大，金融等领域风险隐患不容忽视。 第三段 ⑤脱贫攻坚任务艰巨，农业基础仍然薄弱，城乡区域发展和收入分配差距依然较大。⑥重特大安全生产事故时有发生。⑦在空气质量、环境卫生、食品药品安全和住房、教育、医疗、就业、养老等方面，群众还有不少不满意的地方。 第四段 ⑧我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，以不畏艰难的勇气、坚忍不拔的意志，尽心竭力做好工作，使人民政府不负人民重托!

单选题 Para. 1 Since the world awoke, on Aug. 31, 1997, to the news that Princess Diana had died at 36, after a paparazzi-fueled car crash in Paris, there have been hundreds of films, documentaries, biographies and tell-all memoirs about the shy young woman who became a global celebrity after marrying the heir to the British throne. Para. 2 ①On Monday, a new ITV documentary about Diana arrives on HBO, with one significant difference. ②Called 'Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy,' it is the first to feature Diana's two sons with Prince Charles, William and Harry, speaking about their mother as they look through family photographs, reminisce about their childhood and revisit the scenes of her charitable activities. Para. 3 ①The documentary opens with William, 35, and Harry, 32, looking at a photograph of a pregnant Diana holding her very small first son. ②'Believe it or not, you and I are both in this picture,' William tells Harry. ③Then the camera cuts to Harry. ④'Arguably, probably a little bit too raw up until this point. It's still raw,' he says. Para. 4 ①'It's really a film about love and memory, which makes it unusual as a royal film, which are often more about respect,' the director Ashley Gething said. ②'It's about sadness and joy and loss. ③On the one hand it's very personal, but it's also universal; you can relate to the things they remember and talk about.' Para. 5 ①The producer Nicolas Kent said that there were no topics deemed off-limits, nor was editorial approval demanded by the palace. ②The film moves in and out of the interview with the princes as it loosely sketches Diana's life. ③We see home movies of her as a child, the youngest daughter of the venerable aristocratic Spencer family, and photographs of a pretty, shy teenager, as friends from her early years recount their memories. ④'We wanted it to feel like a story from the inside, so deliberately didn't interview some of the people you might expect,' Mr. Kent said. Para. 6 ①The most moving part of the documentary has the princes discussing their memories of their last phone call with their mother, speaking from Paris, where she would die in a midnight ear chase, as her driver tried to escape a horde of photographers following the car. ②'It's like an earthquake just run through the house and through your life and everything,' Prince William said about learning of her death. Para. 7 ①The final section of the film focuses on Diana's charity work for the homeless, AIDS patients and land mine victims. ②It also shows the princes' sustained efforts to continue in her path. as they visit homeless shelters, comfort the bereaved and meet two Bosnian men who lost limbs in explosions, both of whom Diana visited a few weeks before she died，when they were teenagers. Para. 8 ①It is uncanny, Mr. Gething said, to see how much like their mother they are when meeting people. ②'There is an informality, a personal touch, a sense of humor,' he said. ③'It would be difficult to imagine in a pre-Diana age.'

单选题 第一段 ①加强国家创新体系建设。②强化基础研究和应用基础研究，启动一批科技创新重大项目，高标准建设国家实验室。③鼓励企业牵头实施重大科技项目，支持科研院所、高校与企业融通创新，加快创新成果转化应用。④国家科技投入要向民生领域倾斜，加强雾霾治理、癌症等重大疾病防治攻关，使科技更好造福人民。 第二段 ⑤落实和完善创新激励政策。⑥改革科技管理制度，绩效评价要加快从重过程向重结果转变。⑦赋予创新团队和领军人才更大的人财物支配权和技术路线决策权。⑧对承担重大科技攻关任务的科研人员，采取灵活的薪酬制度和奖励措施。⑨探索赋予科研人员科技成果所有权和长期使用权。⑩有悖于激励创新的陈规旧章，要抓紧修改废止；有碍于释放创新活力的繁文缛节，要下决心砍掉。

单选题 Para. 1 ①History is full of jobs that took an immense physical toll on employees, from miners and construction workers through to those who suffered 'phossy jaw' (a destruction of the jawbone) in the match factories of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ②But it is only in the past couple of decades that workers' mental health has become more widely discussed and understood. ③The first World Mental Health Day was organized in 1992; the latest was marked on October 10th. Para. 2 ①Charity campaigns, like 'time to change' in Britain, try to remove the stigma associated with mental-health problems. ②Those problems are widespread. ③A recent review of studies in Europe found that 38% of the EU's population suffers from a mental disorder (on a broad definition, ranging from anxiety to drug dependence) each year. Para. 3 As well as severe distress, this inevitably leads to absenteeism and poor performance. Para. 4 ①The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that mental-health troubles cost the global economy $1trn a year in lost output. ②In a survey of American workers, 63% of respondents reported that stress in the workplace had a significant impact on their mental and behavioral health. Para. 5 ①According to a study by the Confederation of British Industry, which represents big businesses, 40% of employers reported that more than 5% of their workforce had a mental-health issue. ②That was nearly a fourfold increase on a similar survey conducted four years ago. ③This higher figure may actually be an encouraging sign. ④As the stigma surrounding mental illness fades, more people may be willing to admit to it. Para. 6 ①Society has certainly come a long way in its treatment of mental health. ②When Bartleby's father suffered from depression after losing out from a job reshuffle in the 1960s, the doctors suggested electric-shock treatment. ③Bartleby's grandmother suffered from severe post-natal depression in the 1920s; she was placed in a mental home and never saw her child again. ④Nowadays treatment is much more likely to be associated with pharmaceuticals (though admittedly this can bring its own problems, notably the risk of addiction) and with therapy. Para. 7 ①Workers are more inclined to accept help if they feel the treatment regime will be considerate. ②'Cognitive behavioral therapy', which teaches people to bypass unhelpful thoughts, has few negative connotations. Para. 8 ①The business world has also made great strides in dealing with mental health. ②A report by Business in the Community, a British charity, for example, found that 53% of workers said they felt comfortable about discussing mental-health issues at work. ③But plenty of progress still needs to be made. ④Only 13% of those with a problem felt they would be able to discuss it with their line manager. Para. 9 ①The WHO says that 'workplaces that promote mental health and support people with mental disorders are more likely to reduce absenteeism, increase productivity and benefit from associated economic gains.' ②Just the ability to talk freely about stress or anxiety may reduce the problem. ③Perhaps in future, workers will be no more reluctant to reveal a mental condition than to report a broken bone or a dose of the flu.

单选题 Para. 1 ①The chicken industry is a dirty business, but it is also a profitable one. ②In the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, pork and beef consumption has remained unchanged since 1990. ③Chicken consumption has grown by 70%. Para. 2 ①Humans gobble so many chickens that the birds now count for 23 bn of the 30 bn land animals living on farms. ②According to a recent paper by Carys Bennett at the University of Leicester and colleagues, the total mass of farmed chickens exceeds that of all other birds on the planet combined. ③In London, some 50 miles west of Colchester, fried-chicken shops are ubiquitous. ④Many are named after American states (including Kansas and Montana, not to mention Kentucky). ⑤But schoolchildren and latenight partiers are unfazed by the strange names. ⑥Nor do they worry much about where their meal came from. Para. 3 ①And why should they? ②Chicken is cheap and delicious. ③A pound of poultry in America now costs $1.92, a fall of $1.71. ④Meanwhile the price of beef has fallen by $1.17 a pound to $5.80. Para. 4 ①It is not just fussy Western eaters who increasingly favour chicken. ②Rising incomes mean that demand for the meat is growing even faster in poorer countries. ③As a result, chickens are now the world's most widely traded meat. ④In economic terms they are, in effect, the opposite of cars. ⑤They are produced whole. ⑥But their value is maximized once they are broken up. Para. 5 ①The fact that different countries specialize in different kinds of production also boosts trade. ②America and Brazil, the world's two biggest chicken exporters, are agricultural powerhouses that grow huge amounts of feed, the main cost in poultry production. ③Thailand and China, in contrast, dominate the processed-meat market which requires cheap, skilled labour. ④Russia and Ukraine, once net importers of chicken, have become net exporters as their grain industries have grown. Para. 6 ①Producers that sell their meat abroad expose themselves to risks. ②Chicken has been a flashpoint in trade negotiations. ③China imposed tariffs on American birds and then banned all imports shortly after an outbreak of avian flu. ④Similarly, the European Union banned the import of chlorinated American chicken in 1997, owing to concern that a chlorine wash allows lower hygiene standards in farms. Para. 7 ①Although the chicken boom has been good for consumers, animal-welfare advocates worry that the meat industry's costcutting measures have come at the expense of the birds. ②Vicky Bond of the Humane League, an animal-welfare campaign group, says the size of modem chickens is the cause of the worst problems. ③Broilers have breast muscles which are too big for their bones to support, leading to lameness. ④In Colchester the chickens are so unresponsive to humans that they resemble zombies. Para. 8 ①Partly because of advocacy by animal welfare charities, and partly because meat has become so affordable, more consumers are now willing to pay for meat raised in better conditions. ②Sales of free-range and organic chickens, which—unlike most broilers—have access to the outdoors, are surging. Para. 9 ①Although larger numbers of people might be willing to pay more for organic or free-range products, most still prefer whatever is cheapest. ②And, despite growing interest in vegetarianism and veganism, surveys find little evidence that many people in the rich world are turning into herbivores. ③People may like flirting with plant-based diets. ④But what they really love is chicken.

问答题 Improved human well-being is one of the greatest triumphs of the modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: 2 billion people are either overweight or obese. Dev

问答题　　Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study. Researchers spent three months taking water and snow sa

问答题 河南是中华民族与文明的发源地。中国四大发明中的指南针、造纸、火药三大技术均发明于河南。河南历史文化厚重，文物古迹众多，文物数量居全国第一位。河南境内有25处世界文化遗产，358个全国重点文物保护单位，4个世界地质公园，12个国家级重点风景名胜区，13个国家级自然保护区。 河南是中国重要的经济大省，2017年国内生产总值稳居中国第5位。2017年河南生产总值44988亿元，比上年增长7．8％。人均

问答题 煤炭是地球上储量最丰富的能源，但反对使用煤炭的声浪日益高涨。煤炭巨大的碳排放量引起气候变化，从而引起公众的担忧，煤炭与其他类型燃料相比竞争力已经下降。以美国为例，页岩气的出现造成部分出煤量因价格过高被挤出市场。美国去年煤炭需求接近9．2亿吨。由于天然气价格下跌，今年美国煤炭需求将减少6000万到8000万吨。 数据显示，煤炭满足了全球大约30％的能源需求，提供了40％以上的电力。在人口第一和第二

改革开放30多年来，中国发生了巨大变化。从1979年到2004年，中国经济年均增长9．4％，居民消费水平年均提高7％，进出口贸易额年均递增16．7％。2004年，中国国内生产总值达到16494亿美元；进出口贸易额达到1 1548亿美元。我们初步建立了社会主义市场经济体制，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。 同时，中国人口多、底子薄，发展很不平衡，人口资源环境压力日益突出，在前进的征途上仍面临着很多困难和挑战。中国国内生产总值总量虽然不小，但人均国内生产总值仍排在世界100位之后，尤其是还有近2600万农村贫困人口和2200多万领取最低生活保障金的城镇贫困人口。中国要实现现代化，还需要长期艰苦奋斗。 在经济全球化趋势深入发展的新形势下，如何立足中国的实际，抓住机遇，应对挑战，继续实现经济社会持续、快速、协调、健康发展，是我们高度重视的重大战略问题。经过多年探索和实践，我们已经找到了一条符合自己国情、顺应时代潮流、体现人民意愿的发展道路，这就是中国特色社会主义道路。今后，我们将坚定不移地沿着这条道路阔步前进。

中国目前已经建成1．9万公里公路。自1990年以来，中国每年都要新增3700公里公路。到2020年公路网将连接中国所有主要城市。中国公路总里程将仅次于美国，达到55000公里。 高速公路网将带来深远的影响。城市带将形成；人们的生活方式将会发生变化；枢纽城市的经济增长率将迅速上升，因为便利的交通条件将吸引更多的投资者。 许多国际开发商支持这种看法。世界银行和亚洲开发银行正用巨额贷款支持中国开展公路建设。它们认为公路建设对于缓解贫困至关重要。自上世纪末，亚洲开发银行已减少它在中国经济发达的东部地区的公路投资，而将重点转向较为贫困的西部地区。 在公路建设中，中国也很重视支线公路建设，因为支线公路可以使小城镇充分利用附近干线公路建设带来的发展机遇。

近年来，中国经济保持快速发展，为世界经济发展注入了活力。实践证明了中国在加人世贸组织之前的预言：中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展需要中国。未来20年，在全面建设小康社会的进程中，中国一定会对世界经济的发展和实现全人类的共同进步做出历史性的贡献。为此，中国将继续扩大外贸，大力实施西部大开发战略，进一步改善投资环境，为外商提供更大的商机。同时，中国将引导和支持更多有比较优势的企业对外投资，开展平等互利、形式多样的经济技术合作。中国将进一步加强双边、多边和区域经济合作，实现世界各国各地区的共同发展。

After years of painstaking research and sophisticated surveys, Jaco Boshoff may be on the verge of a nearly unheard-of discovery: the wreck of a Dutch slave ship that broke apart 239 years ago on this forbidding, windswept coast after a violent revolt by the slaves. Boshoff, 39, a marine archaeologist with the government-run Iziko Museums, will not find out until he starts digging on this deserted beach on Africa's southernmost point, probably later this year. After three years of surveys with sensitive magnetometers, he knows, at least, where to look: at a cluster of magnetic abnormalities, three beneath the beach and one beneath the surf, near the mouth of the Heuningries River, where the 450-ton slave ship, the Meermin, ran aground in 1766. If he is right, it will be a find for the history books — especially if he recovers shackles, spears and iron guns that shed light on how 147 Malagasy slaves seized their captors' vessel, only to be recaptured. Although European countries shipped millions of slaves from Africa over four centuries, archaeologists estimate that fewer than 10 slave shipwrecks have been found worldwide. If he is wrong, Boshoff said in an interview, "I will have a lot of explaining to do." He will, however, have an excuse. Historical records indicate that at least 30 ships have run aground in the treacherous waters off Struis Bay, the earliest of them in 1673. Although Boshoff says he believes beyond doubt that the remains of a ship are buried on this beach — the jagged timbers of a wreck are sometimes uncovered during September's spring tide — there is always the prospect that his surveys have found the wrong one. "Finding shipwrecks is just so difficult in the first place," said Madeleine Burnside, the author of Spirits of the Passage, a book on the slave trade, and executive director of the Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Society in Key West, Florida. "Usually — not always — they are located by accident." Other slave-ship finds have produced compelling evidence of both the brutality and the lucrative nature of the slave trade.

移动电话正在成为21世纪一个主要的技术领域。在几年之内，移动电话将会发展成为多功能的通信工具，除了语音之外，还可以传输和接收视频信号、静止图像、数据和文本。个人通信的新纪元即将到来。 在一定程度上多亏了无线网络的发展，电话正在与个人电脑和电视融合起来。不久之后，配有高分辨率显示屏的轻巧手机便可以与卫星连接。人们可以随时随地通话，收发电子邮件或者参加视像电话会议。这种手机也许还会吸收电脑的许多主要功能。移动通信工具有望带来一些互联网所能提供的新服务，如股票交易、购物及预订戏票和飞机票。 电信革命已在全球范围内展开。不久之后，用一台装置就可以收到几乎任何形式的电子通信信号。最有可能的是一部三合一手机。在家里它可以用作无绳电话，在路上用作移动电话，在办公室里用作内部通话装置。有些专家甚至认为移动视像电话将超过电视，成为主要的视频信息来源。

非政府组织是一种独立于政府的非营利性群众组织，包括慈善团体、志愿者组织和其它社会团体。它们从事不同的工作，如扶贫、环保和各种社会服务。近年来，非政府组织在中国迅速发展，在社会生活中起着越来越大的作用。专家估计，目前全国大约有300万个非政府组织。 李先生是广东省一家非政府组织“广州青年志愿者协会”的领导人。加入协会后的5年中，他提供了4000多小时的志愿服务。他参加的志愿活动包括关怀街头露宿者，照顾孤寡老人，帮助孤残儿童，发起为贫困地区捐赠等。在参加志愿活动的过程中，他由一个性格内向的人变成了一个活跃的社会活动家。李先生的志愿者协会属于公益型非政府组织。公益型组织是中国非政府组织的重要组成部分。 专家认为，非政府组织在中国全面建设小康，构建和谐社会中可起积极作用。它们有助于解决中国当前面临的一系列紧迫的社会问题，如缓解就业压力，协调各方利益，维护社会稳定等。