单选题 第一段 ①中国信息通信研究院(以下简称“中国信通院”)始建于1957年，是工业和信息化部直属科研事业单位。②多年来，中国信通院始终秉持“国家高端专业智库和产业创新发展平台”的发展定位，在行业发展的重大战略、规划、政策、标准和测试认证等方面发挥了有力支撑作用，为我国通信业跨越式发展和信息技术产业创新壮大起到了重要推动作用。 第二段 ③近年来，适应经济社会发展的新形势新要求，围绕国家“网络强国”和“制造强国”新战略，中国信通院着力加强研究创新，在强化电信业和互联网研究优势的同时，不断扩展研究领域、提升研究深度，在4G/5G、工业互联网、智能制造、移动互联网、物联网、车联网、云计算、大数据、人工智能、未来网络、智能硬件、网络与信息安全等方面进行了深入研究与前瞻布局，在国家信息通信及信息化与工业化融合领域的战略和政策研究、技术创新、产业发展、安全保障等方面发挥了重要作用，有力支撑了互联网+、宽带中国等重大战略与政策出台和各领域重要任务的实施。

单选题 第一段①法治是人类文明进步的标志，也是人权得以实现的保障。②全面依法治国，全方位提升人权保障法治化水平，保证人民享有更加充分的权利和自由，努力实现社会公平正义，更好推动人的全面发展、社会全面进步，是中国共产党、中国政府的坚定意志和不懈追求。 第二段 ③多年来，中国坚持依法治国基本方略，努力建设社会主义法治国家，人权法治化保障不断迈上新台阶。④在推进全面依法治国的伟大进程中，中国将人权保障贯穿于科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法等各个环节。 第三段 ⑤经过五年来的开拓进取和改革发展，中国的人权法治化保障取得巨大成就，中国人民的各项基本权利和自由得到更加切实保障，中国特色社会主义人权发展道路越走越宽广。⑥中国正在以前所未有的伟大实践，丰富着人类文明的多样性，为人类社会发展贡献中国智慧、提供中国方案。

单选题 Para. 1 Eighty-one of the 100 largest companies in the U.S. have policies that bar customers from bringing claims of wrongdoing in front of a judge or a jury, according to a new study published in the University of California Davis Law Review on Wednesday. Para. 2 ①That means that millions of consumers who interact with companies such as Amazon, Apple, Walmart, Best Buy and Coca-Cola cannot sue these corporate giants over anything, from fraud or personal injury to harassment or discrimination. ②A full 78 of these 100 companies also prevent consumers from banding together in a class action if they feel they've been wronged. Para. 3 ①Customers typically agree to this when they sign (or click to 'accept') a company's terms and conditions, but people often have no idea what they're doing. ②Hidden in the middle of these long terms and conditions documents are policies known as arbitration agreements. ③When people accept an arbitration agreement, they are generally giving up any right to bring a civil lawsuit against the company at any time. Para. 4 ①'Arbitration agreements make it harder to hold companies accountable for wrongdoing,' says Imre Szalai, a law professor at Loyola University New Orleans and author of the new study. ②'It destroys our consumer rights.' Para. 5 ①Arbitration is a private process that does not involve courts, judges or juries. ②There is no requirement to follow the same procedures that lawyers would in court, and there is no real appeals process, meaning the arbitrator's decision is almost always final. ③There is also virtually no government oversight. Para. 6 ①Companies who use arbitration say that it is efficient and cost-effective. ②From their perspective, this is helpful—studies have shown that very few consumers win in arbitration, and that when they do, they often get much less money than they would in court. ③Critics argue that arbitration takes power away from the consumer. Para. 7 ①Arbitration has received increased attention over the last year or so as various tech companies have come under fire for imposing these policies on their employees and on consumers in cases of sexual assault. ②Last May, Uber said it would stop requiring victims of sexual assault and harassment to pursue claims through arbitration. ③A slew of companies including Google, Facebook, Microsoft and Airbnb also announced last fall that they were ending their policies requiring employees to handle sexual harassment claims through arbitration. ④Just this month Google ended forced arbitration for all its employees. Para. 8 ①But even as companies are starting to feel pressure to let their workers take disputes to court this has largely not extended to their dealings with customers. ②Progress on the issue has been slow in Congress. ③Grassroots pressure like what Uber faced may start to make a difference, Szalai says, but for now，millions of Americans have unknowingly given up their rights to publicly pursue claims against many of the companies they interact with on a daily basis. Para. 9 ①'Every one of our rights are at risk if they're being sent to these secret tribunals,' Szalai says. ②'All of your rights become meaningless if you can't enforce them. ③And these tribunals are designed so you don't have robust enforcement.'

单选题 第一段 ①中国平安保险(集团)股份有限公司(以下简称“中国平安”“公司”“集团”)于1988年诞生于深圳蛇口，在各级政府及监管部门、广大客户和社会各界的支持下，成长为我国三大综合金融集团之一，在《福布斯》“全球上市公司2000强”中名列第10位，居全球保险集团第一；在美国《财富》世界500强名列第29位，蝉联中国内地混合所有制企业第一。②中国平安在香港联合交易所主板及上海证券交易所两地上市。③截至2017年年底，集团总市值在全球金融集团中排名第6位，全球保险集团市值、品牌第一。 第二段 ④中国平安致力于成为国际领先的科技型个人金融生活服务集团，坚持“科技引领金融，金融服务生活”的理念，以深化“金融+科技”、探索“金融+生态”为发展模式，聚焦“大金融资产”和“大医疗健康”两大产业，并深度应用于“金融服务、医疗健康、汽车服务、房产金融、城市服务”五大生态圈，为客户创造“专业，让生活更简单”的品牌体验，获得持续的利润增长，向股东提供长期稳定的价值回报。

单选题 Para. 1 ①A group of populist reformers from up north arrived in Alabama with a radical plan. ②Their mission: to establish an experimental utopian community inspired by the economist Henry George, whose wildly popular book, 'Progress and Poverty,' influenced readers around the world in search of more equitable societies. ③In this case, their chosen setting was a swath of pine-and pasture-covered land perched high on a bluff over-looking Mobile Bay. ④There, wrote one of the founders, Ernest Gaston, these pioneers would build 'a city set upon a hill, shedding its beneficent light to all the world.' ⑤Somewhat more modestly, they christened their settlement Fairhope, asserting that their dream community would have 'a fair hope' of succeeding. Para. 2 ①Henry George's acolytes put their faith in his concept of a 'single tax' colony where the community owned the land and homeowners paid an annual tax that funded the creation of parks and public amenities. ②The founders set aside nearly a mile of beachfront as public parkland, writes Cathy Donelson, a local historian. ③They quickly drew more settlers—and soon vacationers, too. ④Early tourists arrived by steamboat, enticed with attractions like the giant water slide that deposited frolickers directly into the bay, while the annual Shakespeare festival offered free outdoor performances that used the scenic natural setting as a stage. Para. 3 ①Fairhope's blend of natural beauty and eccentric ambition continued to attract artists, writers and intellectuals. ②The noted progressive educator, Marietta Johnson, opened her School of Organic Education in town. ③Clarence Darrow, the original super-lawyer, was a fan of the single-tax philosophy and wintered in Fairhope in the 1920s and '30s. ④Upton Sinclair wrote his novel 'Love's Pilgrimage' in a tent on the bluff. Para. 4 A century later, Fairhope is still a draw for writers seeking a peaceful retreat, for art lovers—most notably during the annual Fairhope Arts Crafts Festival in March—and for many other vacationers, no shortage of whom fall for this unheralded setting and decide to stay. Para. 5 ①'It's just a magical little place,' said the author Fannie Flagg. ②'There are people that have come there from all over the world. ③Once they see it, there's a charm about it that they just love.' ④Ms. Flagg was born in Birmingham and first visited Fairhope as a child. ⑤She was lured back years later. ⑥'When I started writing, I was living in New York and wanted a place to get away, so I thought, 'Why don't I go down to Fairhope?'' ⑦She wrote her first book in Fairhope, then returned again to pen the Oscar-nominated screenplay for Fried Green Tomatoes. ⑧She kept a home in Fairhope for many years, and still returns frequently. Para. 6 ①'There's an amazing amount of artistic talent that is all gathered here in this one place,' said the writer Sonny Brewer, who has lived in Fairhope for more than four decades. ②Mr. Brewer, who formerly ran a bookstore in town, founded the Fairhope Center for the Writing Arts, which invites writers-in-residence for monthlong stays in a 1920s cottage tucked behind the city's public library. ③Fellow scribes, Mr. Brewer said, have joked about erecting a billboard welcoming visitors to 'Fairhope, Alabama, the home of more writers than readers.'

单选题 Study Finds Hope in Saving Saltwater Fish Can we have our fish and eat it too? An unusual collaboration of marine ecologists and fisheries management scientists says the answer may be yes. In a research paper in Friday's issue of the journal Science, the two groups, long at odds with each other, offer a global assessment of the world's saltwater fish and their environments. Their conclusions are at once gloomy—overfishing continues to threaten many species—and upbeat: a combination of steps can turn things around. But because antagonism between ecologists and fisheries management experts has been intense, many familiar with the study say the most important factor is that it was done at all. They say they hope the study will inspire similar collaborations between scientists whose focus is safely exploiting specific natural resources and those interested mainly in conserving them. 'We need to merge those two communities,' said Steve Murawski, chief fisheries scientist for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 'This paper starts to bridge that gap.' The collaboration began in 2006 when Boris Worm, a marine ecologist at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and other scientists made an alarming prediction: if current trends continue, by 2048 overfishing will have destroyed most commercially important populations of saltwater fish. Ecologists applauded the work. But among fisheries management scientists, reactions ranged from skepticism to fury over what many called an alarmist report. Among the most prominent critics was Ray Hilborn, a professor of aquatic and fishery sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle. Yet the disagreement did not play out in typical scientific fashion with, as Dr. Hilborn put it, 'researchers firing critical papers back and forth.' Instead, he and Dr. Worm found themselves debating the issue on National Public Radio. 'We started talking and found more common ground than we had expected,' Dr. Worm said. Dr. Hilborn recalled thinking that Dr. Worm 'actually seemed like a reasonable person.' The two decided to work together on the issue. They sought and received financing and began organizing workshops at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, an organization sponsored by the National Science Foundation and based at the University of California, Santa Barbara. At first, Dr. Hilborn said in an interview, 'the fisheries management people would go to lunch and the marine ecologists would go to lunch' —separately. But soon they were collecting and sharing data and recruiting more colleagues to analyze it. Dr. Hilborn said he and Dr. Worm now understood why the ecologists and the management scientists disagreed so sharply in the first place. For one thing, he said, as long as a fish species was sustaining itself, management scientists were relatively untroubled if its abundance fell to only 40 or 50 percent of what it might otherwise be. Yet to ecologists, he said, such a stock would be characterized as 'depleted'—'a very pejorative word.' In the end, the scientists concluded that 63 percent of saltwater fish stocks had been depleted 'below what we think of as a target range,' Dr. Worm said. But they also agreed that fish in well-managed areas, including the United States, were recovering or doing well. They wrote that management techniques like closing some areas to fishing, restricting the use of certain fishing gear or allocating shares of the catch to individual fishermen, communities or others could allow depleted fish stocks to rebound. The researchers suggest that a calculation of how many fish in a given species can be caught in a given region without threatening the stock, called maximum sustainable yield, is less useful than a standard that takes into account the health of the wider marine environment. They also agreed that solutions did not lie only in management techniques but also in the political will to apply them, even if they initially caused economic disruption. Because the new paper represents the views of both camps, its conclusions are likely to be influential, Dr. Murawski said. 'Getting a strong statement from those communities that there is more to agree on than to disagree on builds confidence,' he said. At a news conference on Wednesday, Dr. Worm said he hoped to be alive in 2048, when he would turn 79. If he is, he said, '1 will be hosting a seafood party—at least I hope so.'

单选题 第一段 ①中国国际进口博览会，是迄今为止世界上第一个以进口为主题的国家级展会，是国际贸易发展史上一大创举。②举办中国国际进口博览会，是中国着眼于推动新一轮高水平对外开放作出的重大决策，是中国主动向世界开放市场的重大举措。 第二段 ③这届进口博览会以“新时代，共享未来”为主题，就是要欢迎各国朋友，把握新时代中国发展机遇，深化国际经贸合作，实现共同繁荣进步。④共有172个国家、地区和国际组织参会，3,600多家企业参展，展览总面积达30万平方米，超过40万名境内外采购商到会洽谈采购。 第三段 ⑤当今世界正在经历新一轮大发展大变革大调整，各国经济社会发展联系日益密切，全球治理体系和国际秩序变革加速推进。⑥同时，世界经济深刻调整，保护主义、单边主义抬头，经济全球化遭遇波折，多边主义和自由贸易体制受到冲击，不稳定不确定因素依然很多，风险挑战加剧。⑦这就需要我们从纷繁复杂的局势中把握规律、认清大势，坚定开放合作信心，共同应对风险挑战。

单选题 Para. 1 'Do not write on the walls,' reads the message on a Renaissance stone wall in the cathedral on Florence's central square. Para. 2 Unfortunately, the instruction, scrawled in black marker, was the defiant graffiti of a visitor who had decided to mock the plastic sign just above it by saying the same thing. Para. 3 The official missive, on a wall at the end of a steep staircase leading up to the dome of the Santa Maria del Fiore cathedral, better known as the Duomo, had clearly failed in its mission. Para. 4 ①For years, officials in Florence have tried to discourage visitors from around the world from using this city's old stone walls as a time capsule for such musings. ②But the human urge to generate graffiti, it seems, is a powerful instinct, difficult to tame. Para. 5 So the officials have decided to try a digital solution to their age-old problem, starting with Giotto's bell tower, the Campanile. Para. 6 Having finally cleaned up all the walls along the 414-step climb to the bell tower earlier this year, officials have placed three tablets there, hoping visitors will leave their marks, virtually, without damaging the monument itself. Para. 7 Messages will be stored on a website and archived, for eternity, online. Para. 8 Any other mark will be removed swiftly, a large billboard at the entrance of the bell tower explains in both Italian and English. Para. 9 'We needed something to act as a deterrent against new graffiti, once all the walls were clean, and we hope that this app will do that,' said Alice Filipponi, the social media strategist at an institution that oversees Florence's Duomo complex. Para. 10 'Our goal was to let people leave their testimony without smearing the walls again,' Filipponi said. Para. 11 In the first three days of their experiment, there were more than 3,000 visitors, 304 digital messages—and no new graffiti scrawls. Para. 12 ①With virtual graffiti, visitors can select the background they want to write on: wood or marble, iron or plaster—like that found in the monument. ②Then, with their tool of choice, from lipstick to spray paint, they are able to use their fingertips to etch symbols, names and messages. Para. 13 ①'Whether we manage to educate people remains to be seen,' said the institution's president, Franco Lucchesi. ②'But as of now, our Internet is full of messages, and the walls are not. ③We call therefore say that it's working.' Para. 14 ①Some have confessed to their misdeeds ②Lucchesi recalls the 'pilgrimages' of a Japanese class coming to apologize for the damage done by students—three years in a row. Para. 15 ①'The fact that the monument is so clean also helps,' said Laura Bachmann, a 21-year-old from Germany who was visiting Florence with a friend. ②'None dares to be the first one to dirty it up.' Para. 16 ①To the experts, that cleanness is the main deterrent. ②'Vandals do it where everyone can see their mark. ③Unfortunately, I fear it's not a tablet that can prevent recidivism.' Andrea Amato, president of Italy's National Anti-Graffiti Association, said about the effort in Florence. ④'Entire walls available for graffiti writers have not impeded them to dirty up elsewhere.' Para. 17 ①He added: 'But it's important that we don't abandon our monuments to degradation. ②If we clean them, it's psychologically harder for people to smear them up again.'

单选题 现今，越来越多的人居住在城市。因此，交通繁忙，但通常道路不足，而且很多道路太窄。这就是交通事故多的原因。在全世界的城市中，成千上万的人死伤于交通事故。当然，交通事故也会发生在城市以外的乡村，但那里的交通不那么繁忙，因此交通事故也就没有那么多。 为什么会发生交通事故呢?有人说是那些使用道路的人的问题。这就意味着指每一个行人。如果大家都小心一点，事故就不会发生。你同意吗? 也有人说，我们应当改善道路情况。“改善”是指“建造得更好些”，我们把道路修得更宽更直一些来改善道路。交通事故通常发生在狭窄的道路上或拐角处。驾驶员看不到拐角的地方，他们不能看到其他车辆迎面开来。所以有时候，汽车就会相撞。如果道路改善了，拐角就会有所改变。道路不再急转弯了，而是慢慢地拐弯。你知道拐弯是指什么吗? 交通事故也经常发生在道路交叉处。那里通常有交通灯。交通灯使一条道路上的车辆停住，让另一条道路上的车辆通过，从而避免车辆相互碰撞。有时候，十字路口没有交通灯而有警察执勤。在有些地方，道路并不交叉，而是一条道路在另一条道路上通过。如果坐在汽车里经过那里，你似乎会感到正在飞越下面的一条道路。

单选题第一段①二十国集团要从历史大势中把握规律，引领方向。②人类发展进步大潮滚滚向前，世界经济时有波折起伏，但各国走向开放、走向融合的大趋势没有改变。③产业链、价值链、供应链不断延伸和拓展，带动了生产要素全球流动，助力数十亿人口脱贫致富。④各国相互协作、优势互补是生产力发展的客观要求，也代表着生产关系演变的前进方向。⑤在这一进程中，各国逐渐形成利益共同体、责任共同体、命运共同体。第二段⑥保持世界经济稳定发展的共同需要催生了二十国集团。⑦10年来，我们同舟共济、勤力同心，推动世界经济走出衰退深渊，走上了复苏增长的轨道。⑧10年后，我们应该再次拿出勇气。展示战略视野，引领世界经济沿着正确轨道向前发展。⑨中国将继续深化市场化改革，保护产权和知识产权，鼓励公平竞争，主动扩大进口。⑩我们将继续朝着这一方向不懈努力。中方希望各国共同营造自由、开放、包容、有序的国际经济大环境。

单选题 Para. 1 ①Modem humans evolved somewhere in Africa roughly 200,000 years ago. ②But how did our species go on to populate the rest of the globe? ③Did humans flood out of Africa in a single diaspora, or did we trickle from the continent in waves spread out over tens of thousands of years? @The question, one of the biggest in human evolution, has plagued scientists for decades. Para. 2 Now they may have found an answer. Para. 3 In a series of unprecedented genetic analyses published on Wednesday in the journal Nature, three separate teams of researchers conclude that all non-Africans today trace their ancestry to a single population emerging from Africa between 50,000 and 80,000 years ago. Para. 4 ①Each team of researchers used sets of genomes to tackle different questions about our origins, such as how people spread across Africa and how others populated Australia. ②But all aimed to settle the question of human expansion from Africa. Para. 5 ①In the 1980s, a group of paleoanthropologists and geneticists began championing a hypothesis that modem humans emerged only once from Africa, roughly 50,000 years ago. ②Skeletons and tools discovered at archaeological sites clearly indicated the existence of modem humans in Europe, Asia and Australia. Para. 6 ①Early studies of bits of DNA also supported this scenario. ②Yet there are also clues that at least some modem humans lived outside Africa well before 50,000 years ago, perhaps part of an earlier wave Of migration. Para. 7 In 2011 Eske Willerslev, a renowned geneticist at the University of Copenhagen, and his colleagues reported evidence that some living people descended from this early wave. Para. 8 ①Willerslev and his colleagues reconstructed the genome of an aboriginal Australian from a century-old lock of hair kept in a museum—the first reconstruction of its kind. ②The DNA held a number of peculiar variants not found in Europeans or Asians. Para. 9 ①He concluded that the ancestors of Aboriginals split off from other non-Africans and moved eastward, eventually arriving in East Asia 62,000—75,000 years ago. ②Tens of thousands of years later, a separate population of Africans spread into Europe and Asia. Para. 10 ①It was big conclusion to draw from a single fragile genome, so Willerslev decided to contact living Aboriginals to see if they would participate in a new genetic study. ②He joined David Lambert, a geneticist at Griffith University in Australia, who was already meeting with aboriginal communities about beginning such a study. Para. 11 ①Their new paper also includes DNA from people in Papua New Guinea. ②All told, the scientists were able to sequence 83 genomes from aboriginal Australians and 25 from people in Papua New Guinea. Para. 12 ①Meanwhile, Mait Metspalu of the Estonian Biocentre was leading a team of 98 scientists on another genome-gathering project. ②They picked out 148 populations to sample, mostly in Europe and Asia, with a few genomes from Africa and Australia. ③They sequenced 483 genomes at high resolution. Para. 13 ①David Reich, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues assembled a third database of genomes from all five continents. ②The Simons Genome Diversity Project, sponsored by the Simons Foundation and the National Science Foundation, contains 300 high-quality genomes from 142 populations. Para. 14 ①Reich and his colleagues probed their data for the oldest evidence of human groups genetically separating from one another. ②They found that the ancestors of the KhoiSan, hunter-gatherers riving today in southern Africa, began to split off from other riving humans about 200,000 years ago and were hilly isolated by 100,000 years ago.

单选题 Don't have time to read anymore? Now you can get free, quick literature via email. More than 100,000 people open their email each day to read a chapter of a book, through Chapter-A-Day, an online book club created two years ago. It's a free email service that provides a short daily reading for busy people, exposing them to literature they may not find on their own, inspiring some to recommit to the reading habit. About 550 public library systems representing over 3,000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter-A-Day. Via email, participants get about five minutes' worth of reading every day. After three chapters are emailed, the installments stop, and those who want to keep reading can borrow the book at their public library or purchase it online. Chapter-A-Day has eight free book clubs, and sells thousands of books each month. Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher, a lifelong book lover, realized how many of the women who worked part-time for her software development company didn't have time in their busy lives to read. She decided to type part of a chapter of a book, and send it to her employees through email. The next day she typed a little more, and continued to send literary installments each day. She says she started getting feedback from the staff about how reading made them feel. 'They were interested, and realized that, though they didn't have time in their busy lives for reading, just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit'. Realizing that many other people could benefit, she decided to take the idea even further and start an email' Chapter-A-Day' book club to help others ease their way back into daily reading. 'Reading makes changes in people' s lives. ' Beecher says. Pat Dempsey, a librarian at a public library in Ohio, has found Chapter-A-Day helps her library clients get back in the habit of reading. 'It's a different way to get people hooked on books,' she says.

单选题 Para. 1 ①The people who are closest to a thing are often the most wary of it. ②Technologists know how phones really work, and many have decided they don't want their own children anywhere near them. Para. 2 ①A wariness that has been slowly brewing is turning into a regionwide consensus: The benefits of screens as a learning tool are overblown, and the risks for addiction and stunting development seem high. ②The debate in Silicon Valley now is about how much exposure to phones is O.K. Para. 3 Athena Chavarria, who worked as an executive assistant at Facebook and is now at Mark Zuckerberg's philanthropic arm, the Chart Zuckerberg Initiative, said: 'I am convinced the devil lives in our phones and is wreaking havoc on our children.' Para. 4 ①She said she lives by the mantra that the last child in the class to get a phone wins. ②Her daughter did not get a phone until she started ninth grade. Para. 5 ①'Other parents are like, 'Aren't you worried you don't know where your kids are when you can't find them?'' Ms. Chavarria said. ②'And I'm like, 'No, I do not need to know where my kids are every second of the day.'' ③For longtime tech leaders, watching how the tools they built affect their children has felt like a reckoning on their life and work. Para. 6 ①Among those is Chris Anderson, the former editor of Wired and now the chief executive of a robotics and drone company. ②He is also the founder of GeekDad.com. Para. 7 'On the scale between candy and crack cocaine, it's closer to crack cocaine,' Mr. Anderson said of screens. Para. 8 ①He has five children and 12 tech rules. ②They include: no phones until the summer before high school, no screens in bedrooms, network-level content blocking, no social media until age 13, no iPads at all and screen time schedules enforced by Google Wifi that he controls from his phone. ③Bad behavior? ④The child goes offline for 24 hours. Para. 9 ①And there are those in tech who disagree that screens are dangerous. ②Jason Toff, 32, who ran the video platform Vine and now works for Google, lets his 3-year-old play on an iPad, which he believes is no better or worse than a book. Para. 10 This opinion is unpopular enough with his fellow tech workers that he feels there is now 'a stigma'. Para. 11 ①'One reaction I got just yesterday was, 'Doesn't it worry you that all the major tech execs are limiting screen time?'' Mr. Toff said. ②'And I was like, 'Maybe it should, but I guess I've always been skeptical of norms.' ①People are just scared of the unknown.' Para. 12 ①'It's contrarian,' Mr. Toff said. ②'But I feel like I'm speaking for a lot of parents that are afraid of speaking out loud for fear of judgment.' Para. 13 ①He said he thinks back to his own childhood growing up watching a lot of TV. ②'I think I turned out O.K.,' Mr. Toff said.

单选题 2,000多年前，亚欧大陆上勤劳勇敢的人民，探索出多条连接亚欧非几大文明的贸易和人文交流通路，后人将其统称为“丝绸之路”。“和平合作、开放包容、互利共赢”的丝绸之路精神薪火相传，极大地促进了沿线各国的繁荣发展。 进入21世纪，面对复苏乏力的全球经济形势，纷繁复杂的国际和地区局面，传承和弘扬丝绸之路精神更显重要。“一带一路”建设是一项系统工程，要坚持共商、共建、共享原则，积极推进沿线国家发展战略的相互对接。“一带一路”致力于亚欧非大陆及附近海洋的互联互通，建立和加强沿线各国互联互通伙伴关系，构建全方位、多层次的互联互通网络，实现沿线各国多元、自主、平衡、可持续的发展。“一带一路”的互联互通项目将发掘区域内市场潜力，促进投资和消费，创造需求和就业，并增进沿线各国人民的人文交流。

单选题 第一段 ①青藏高原位于中国西南部，包括西藏和青海两省区全部，以及四川、云南、甘肃和新疆等四省区部分地区，总面积约260万平方公里，大部分地区海拔超过4,000米。②青藏高原被誉为“世界屋脊”“地球第三极”“亚洲水塔”，是珍稀野生动物的天然栖息地和高原物种基因库，是中国乃至亚洲重要的生态安全屏障，是中国生态文明建设的重点地区之一。 第二段 ③青藏高原是中国湿地分布最广、面积最大的区域。④1990年，青藏高原湿地面积约为13.45万平方公里。⑤1990—2006年，青藏高原湿地呈现出持续退化状态，以每年0.13%的速率减少，总面积减少了约3,000平方公里。⑥2006年以来，在湿地保护与自然因素综合作用下，湿地面积明显回升。⑦至2011年，仅西藏自治区和青海省湿地面积已达14.67万平方公里，湿地退化态势总体上得到遏制。⑧至2014年，青海省湿地面积达8.14万平方公里。⑨近年来，随着保护力度的加大，湿地生态系统进一步好转。

单选题 Para. 1 Just one day after Hollywood offered a show of support for the #MeToo movement on the Golden Globes red carpet and stage, a famous actress on the other side of the Atlantic lent her name to a public letter denouncing the movement, as well as its French counterpart, #Balancetonporc, or 'Expose Your Pig.' Para. 2 Catherine Deneuve joined more than 100 other Frenchwomen in entertainment, publishing and academic fields Tuesday in the pages of the newspaper Le Monde and on its website in arguing that the two movements, in which women and men have used social media as a forum to describe sexual misconduct, have gone too far by publicly prosecuting private experiences and have created a totalitarian climate. Para. 3 ①'Rape is a crime. But insistent or clumsy flirting is not a crime, nor is gallantry a chauvinist aggression,' the letter, dated Monday, begins. ②'There has been a legitimate realization of the sexual violence women experience, particularly in the workplace, where some men abuse their power. ③It was necessary. ④But now this liberation of speech has been turned on its head.' Para. 4 ①They contend that the '#MeToo' movement has led to a campaign of public accusations that have placed undeserving people in the same category as sex offenders without giving them a chance to defend themselves. ②The passage appears to refer to some of the names on a growing list of men who have been suspended, fired or forced to resign after having been accused of sexual misconduct in the last several months. Para. 5 ①One of the arguments the writers make is that instead of empowering women, the '#MeToo' and '#BalanceTonPorc' movements serve the interests of 'the enemies of sexual freedom, of religious extremists, of the worst reactionaries,' and of those who believe that women are ''separate' beings, children with the appearance of adults, demanding to be protected.' ②They write that 'a woman can, in the same day, lead a professional team and enjoy being the sexual object of a man, without being a 'promiscuous woman,' nor a vile accomplice of patriarchy.' Para. 6 ①Translations of the letter were quickly picked up by Twitter on Tuesday, and responses ranged from supportive to hostile. ②Asia Argento, an actress who accused American former film producer Harvey Weinstein of raping her, criticized the Frenchwomen's letter on Twitter. ③'Catherine Deneuve and other French women tell the world how their interiorized misogyny has lobotomized them to the point of no return,' Argento wrote. Para. 7 On the other side of the spectrum, Christina Hoff Sommers, who coined the term 'victim feminism,' tweeted a quote from the letter and her remarks on it. Para. 8 ①In concluding the letter, the writers return to the concept of serf-victimization and a call for women to accept the pitfalls that come with freedom. ②'Accidents that can affect a woman's body do not necessarily affect her dignity and must not, as hard as they can be, necessarily make her a perpetual victim,' they write. ③'Because we are not reducible to our bodies. ④Our inner freedom is inviolable. ⑤And this freedom that we cherish is not without risks and responsibilities.'

单选题 In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed or a President shall be elected.

单选题 Para. 1 The creators of a revolutionary AI system that can write news stories and works of fiction—dubbed 'deepfakes for text'—have taken the unusual step of not releasing their research publicly, for fear of potential misuse. Para. 2 OpenAI, an nonprofit research company backed by Elon Musk, Reid Hoffman, Sam Altman, and others, says its new AI model, called GPT2 is so good and the risk of malicious use so high that it is breaking from its normal practice of releasing the full research to the public in order to allow more time to discuss the ramifications of the technological breakthrough. Para. 3 ①At its core, GPT2 is a text generator. ②The AI system is fed text, anything from a few words to a whole page, and asked to write the next few sentences based on its predictions of what should come next. ③The system is pushing the boundaries of what was thought possible, both in terms of the quality of the output, and the wide variety of potential uses. Para. 4 ①From a research standpoint, GPT2 is groundbreaking in two ways. ②One is its size, says Dario Amodei, OpenAI's research director. ③The models 'were 12 times bigger, and the dataset was 15 times bigger and much broader' than the previous state-of-the-art AI model. ④It was trained on a dataset containing about 10m articles, selected by trawling the social news site Reddit for links with more than three votes. ⑤The vast collection of text weighed in at 40 GB, enough to store about 35,000 copies of Moby Dick. Para. 5 ①The amount of data GPT2 was trained on directly affected its quality, giving it more knowledge of how to understand written text. ②It also led to the second breakthrough. ③GPT2 has far more general purpose than previous text models. ④By structuring the text that is input, it can perform tasks including translation and summarization, and pass simple reading comprehension tests, often performing as well or better than other AIs that have been built specifically for those tasks. Para. 6 ①That quality, however, has also led OpenAI to go against its remit of pushing AI forward and keep GPT2 behind closed doors for the immediate future while it assesses what malicious users might be able to do with it. ②'We need to perform experimentation to find out what they can and can't do,' said Jack Clark, the charity's head of policy. ③'If you can't anticipate all the abilities of a model, you have to prod it to see what it can do. ④There are many more people than us who are better at thinking what it can do maliciously.' Para. 7 ①Instead, the goal is to show what is possible to prepare the world for what will be mainstream in a year or two's time. ②'I have a term for this. ③The escalator from hell,' Clark said. ④'It's always bringing the technology down in cost and down in price. ⑤The rules by which you can control technology have fundamentally changed.' Para. 8 ①'We're not saying we know the right thing to do here, we're not laying down the line and saying 'this is the way'... ②We are trying to develop more rigorous thinking here.'

单选题 Para. 1 ①Facebook, Google and Twitter were supposed to improve politics. ②Something has gone very wrong. Para. 2 ①In 1962 a British political scientist, Bernard Crick, published 'In Defence of Politics'. ②He argued that the art of political horse-trading, far from being shabby, lets people of different beliefs live together in a peaceful, thriving society. Para. 3 ①In a liberal democracy, nobody gets exactly what he wants, but everyone broadly has the freedom to lead the life he chooses. ②However, without decent information, civility and conciliation, societies resolve their differences by resorting to coercion. Para. 4 ①How Crick would have been dismayed by the falsehood and partisanship on display in this week's Senate committee hearings in Washington. ②Not long ago social media held out the promise of a more enlightened politics, as accurate information and effortless communication helped good people drive out corruption, bigotry and lies. ③Yet Facebook acknowledged that before and after last year's American election, 146 million users may have seen Russian misinformation on its platform. ④Google admitted to 1,108 Russian-linked videos and Twitter to 36,746 accounts. ⑤Far from bringing enlightenment, social media have been spreading poison. Para. 5 ①Russia's trouble-making is only the start. ②From South Africa to Spain, politics is getting uglier. ③Part of the reason is that, by spreading untruth and outrage, corroding voters' judgment and aggravating partisanship, social media erode the conditions for the horse-trading that Crick thought fosters liberty. Para. 6 ①The use of social media does not cause division so much as amplify it. ②The financial crisis stoked popular anger at a wealthy elite that had left everyone else behind. ③The culture wars have split voters by identity rather than class. Para. 7 ①Nor are social media alone in their power to polarize—just look at cable TV and talk radio. ②But, whereas Fox News is familiar, social media platforms are new and still poorly understood. ③And, because of how they work, they wield extraordinary influence. ④They make their money by putting photos, personal posts, news stories and ads in front of you. Para. 8 Because they can measure how you react, they know just how to get under your skin. Para. 9 ①They collect data about you in order to have algorithms to determine what will catch your eye, in an 'attention economy' that keeps users scrolling, clicking and sharing again and again and again. ②Anyone setting out to shape opinion can produce dozens of ads, analyze them and see which is hardest to resist. ③The result is compelling: one study found that users in rich countries touch their phones 2,600 times a day. Para. 10 ①It would be wonderful if such a system helped wisdom and truth rise to the surface. ②But, whatever Keats said, truth is not beauty so much as it is hard work—especially when you disagree with it. Para. 11 ①Everyone who has scrolled through Facebook knows how, instead of imparting wisdom, the system dishes out compulsive stuff that tends to reinforce people's biases. ②This aggravates the politics of contempt that took hold, in the United States at least, in the 1990s.

单选题 第一段 ①刚刚过去的一年，面对复杂严峻的国内外环境，我国经济社会发展取得了显著成就，一批具有标志性意义的重大科技成果涌现，不少达到国际先进水平。 第二段 ②当前，世界新一轮科技革命和产业变革孕育兴起，抢占未来制高点的国际竞争日趋激烈。③我国经济结构深度调整、新旧动能接续转换，已到了只有依靠创新驱动才能持续发展的新阶段，比以往任何时候都更加需要强大的科技创新力量。④必须把创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，以新发展理念为引领，以供给侧结构性改革为主线，深入实施创新驱动发展战略，加快培育壮大新动能、改造提升传统动能，推动经济保持中高速增长、迈向中高端水平。⑤要大力加强基础研究和原始创新，充分发挥科研院所和高校的主力军作用，建立长期稳定的支持机制，鼓励从事基础研究和原始创新的科研人员潜心研究，可以十年不鸣，争取一鸣惊人。