英译汉Passage 1 If you have never seen a power plant, you might find it hard to imagine how enormously complex the equipment is or how much heat is generated by the boilers or how much coal it takes to fuel the furnaces for just one day. During the course of a day, the boilers at one of our power plants, Morgantown, for example, can turn 24 million gallons of water into steam. That generating plant alone uses 9,900 tons of coal in its furnaces in just one day. Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO) uses so much coal that we have purchased two 80-car unit trains to facilitate the delivery process. And Morgantown alone can produce over 25 million kilowatthours of electricity in a single day''s operation. Electricity is produced by spinning large magnets inside a coil of wire within the generator. The faster we spin the magnets, the higher will be the voltage of the electricity produced. Electricity leaves a PEPCO generator at between 13,800 and 24,000 volts. The next step in the process occurs when electricity passes through a transformer where the voltage is stepped up to continue on its journey. A transmission wire is like a small diameter pipe. Stepping up the voltage is like increasing water pressure, thus speeding the flow of energy through the system. Passage 2 Because the aircraft industry needs ever-increasing quantities of aluminium plate, new equipment has been designed to automate the making of it. It includes a huge heat-treatment furnace, a crane that lifts hot metal plates without damaging them, and a computer system that can manage the complete flow of work. Five years ago, Europe''s aircraft industry needed only 8,000 tonnes of aluminium plate a year for its products. Last year the figure reached 21,800 tonnes. By 2004 it should total 30,000 tonnes. Each airliner contains 180 tonnes of it. That is why the plant is being rebuilt to increase both the quality and the amount of its product. Aluminium is alloyed with other metals and cast into ingots, and the surface of the ingots is smoothed off. After pre-heating, it is rolled in a mill that can take 3.75-m-wide slabs. The new equipment can make the process more efficient and can produce a better product. For example, computers control the temperature of the hot plates, the rate at which they pass through the mill, the speed of cooling it with water, and so on. The new plant can handle twice the throughput of the one that it is replacing, thanks to the completely automated and computerized process.

英译汉It sounds so promising. A network of dedicated cycle routes running through a city with air pumps to fix flat tires, footrests to lean on while taking breaks and trash cans that are specially angled so you can throw in empty water bottles without stopping. 　　Best of all, you can cycle on those routes for long distances without having to make way for cars and trucks at junctions and traffic lights, according to the official description of the Cycle Super Highways, which are under construction here as part of the Danish capital’s efforts to become carbon-neutral by 2025. 　　Are they as good as they sound? These days it is hard to find a big city that doesn’t make grandiose claims to encourage cycling, and harder still to find one that fulfills them. Redesigning congested traffic systems to add bike lanes to overcrowded roads is fiendishly difficult, especially in historic cities with narrow cobbled streets like Copenhagen. But as its cycling program sounds so ambitious, I went there to try it. 　　Maybe I’d be less cynical if I lived in Amsterdam, Cologne or any other city with decent cycling facilities, but as a Londoner, I’ve learned the hard way to be suspicious whenever politicians promise to do anything bike-friendly. London’s mayor, Boris Johnson, is a keen cyclist, who issues policy papers with auspicious titles like “Cycling Revolution” and has continued his predecessor’s biking program by introducing a cycle-rental project and building new bike lanes. 　　So far so good, you may think, unless you have braved the potholes, parked trucks and construction debris that obstruct those lanes, many of which appear to have been designed by someone who has never seen a bicycle, let alone ridden one. London cyclists swap horror stories of dysfunctional cycle routes that end without warning or maroon them on the wrong side of the road, though few can be more perilous than a new lane on Bethnal Green Road, which is blocked by a streetlight — anyone rash enough to use the lane has to brake sharply to avoid crashing into it.

英译汉For more than30years,IhavebeenwonderingaboutL.R.Generson.OnoneofourfirstChristmasestogether,myhusbandgavemeacompletesetofDickens.Therewere20volumes,boundingrayclothwithblackcorners,oldbutingoodcondition.Stampedontheflyleafofeachvolume,infadedblockletters,wasthenameofthepreviousowner:“L.R.Generson,M.D.,Bronx,NY.” ThatDickenssetisoneofthebestpresentsanyonehasevergivenme.Acoupleofthebooksarestillpristine,butothers-“BleakHouse,’’“DavidCopperfield,’’andespecially“GreatExpectations’’-havebeenreadandre-readalmosttopieces.Overtheyears,PipandEstellaandMagwitchhavekeptmecompany.SohaveLadyDedlock,SteerforthandPeggotty,theCratchitsandthePecksniffsandtheVeneerings.Andso,inhissilentenigmaticway,hasL.R.Generson.DidhelovethebooksasmuchasIdo?Whowashe?Onawhim,IGoogledhim.Therewasn’tmuch-asinglementiononaveterans’websiteofaWorldWarIIcaptainnamedLeonardGenerson.ButIdidfindaDr.RichardGenerson,anoralsurgeonlivinginNewJersey.SinceGenersonisnotacommonname,Idecidedtowritetohim. Dr.Genersonwaskindenoughtowriteback.Hetoldmethathisfather,LeonardRichardGenerson,wasbornin1909.HelivedinNewYorkCitybutwenttomedicalschoolinBasel,Switzerland.Hespoke10languagesfluently.Asanobstetricianandgynecologist,heopenedapracticeintheBronxshortlybeforeWorldWarII.Hissondescribedhimas“anextremelypatrioticindividual’’;rightafterPearlHarborheclosedhispracticeandenlisted.HeservedthroughoutthewarasageneralsurgeonwithanairbornespecialforcesunitinEurope,wherehebecameoneofthewar’smosthighlydecoratedphysicians. Thelistofhisdecorationsreflectshisordealsandhiscourage:multiplePurpleHearts,theBronzeStarwith“V’’forvalor,theSilverStar,andalsotheCrossofWar,anextremelyhighhonorfromthegovernmentofFrance.Afterthewar,heremainedintheArmyReserveandattainedtherankoffullcolonel,whilealsocontinuinghismedicalpracticeinNewYork.“Hewasaverydedicatedphysicianwhohadalargepatientfollowing,’’hissonwrote. LeonardGenerson’ssondidn’tremembertheDickensset,thoughhetoldmethattherewerealwaysalotofnovelsinthehouse.Hismotherprobably“cleanedhouse’’afterhisfather’sdeathin1977-thesameyearmyhusbandboughtthesetinausedbookstore. Ifoundthisletterverymoving,withitsbriefportraitofanintelligent,bravemanandhislifeofservice.Atthesametime,itmademequestionmypresumptionthatsomehowL.R.GenersonandIwereconnectedbecausewe’downedthesamesetofbooks.Theletterbothtoldmealittleabouthim,andtoldmethatIwouldneverreallyknowanythingabouthim-andwhyshouldI?Hissonmusthavebeenstartledtohearfromastrangeronsuchafragilepretext.WhathadIbeenthinking? Onepossible,andonlysomewhatfacetious,answeristhatI’vereadtoomuchDickens.IntheworldofaDickensnovel,everythingisconnectedtoeverythingelse.Orphansfindfamilies.Loversarejoined(orpartedandmorallystrengthened).Ancientmysteriesaresolvedandoldscoresaresettled.Questionsareanswered.Storiesend. Dickens’sclutterednetworkofconnectedlivesbrilliantlyexaggeratessomethingthatistrueofallofus.Wewanttoimposeorderthroughtellingstories,maybebecausethereissomuchwedon’tknowaboutourownstoriesandthestoriesofthosearoundus. LeonardGenerson’slifetouchedmineonlylightly,throughthecoincidenceofasetofbooks.Butthereareotherliveshetouchedmoredeeply.ThenexttimeIreadaDickensnovel,Iwillthinkofhimandhismilitaryserviceandhis10languages.AndIwillthinkofthehundredsofbabieshemusthavedelivered,whoarenowinthemiddleoftheirownlivesandtheirownstories.

英译汉All Luciano Faggiano wanted when he purchased the seemingly unremarkable building at 56 Via Ascanio Grandi, was to open a restaurant

英译汉It sounds so promising

英译汉This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report. Claims of a "water apartheid," where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities - to the rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank. The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made to local water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added. The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains. The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well. By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water, according to the agency's report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agency's proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water. People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne diseases - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find receptive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themselves. "People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources they have to help their communities," he said. "That's especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they invest themselves to improve their villages. "It is not always easy to take these solutions and replicate them in other countries, though. Assembling a broad menu of different approaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given region or country.

英译汉WhennightfallsinremotepartsofAfricaandtheIndiansubcontinent,hundredsofmillionsofpeoplewithoutaccesstoelectricityturntocandlesorkerosenelampsforillumination. Slowlythroughsmallloansforsolarpowereddevices,microfinanceisbringinglighttotheseruralregionswherealackofelectricityhasstemmedeconomicdevelopment,helddownliteracyratesanddamagedhealth. “Earlier,theycouldnotdomuchoncethesunset.Now,thesunisuseddifferently.Theyhaveincreasedtheirproductivity,improvedtheirhealthandsocio-economicstatus,”saidPinalShahfromSEWABank,amicro-lendinginstitution. VegetablesellerRamibenWaghritookoutaloantobuyasolarlanternwhichsheusestolightupherstallatnight.Thelanterncostsbetween$66-$112,aboutaweek’sincomeforWaghri.“Thevegetableslookbetterbythislight,andit’scheaperthankeroseneanddoesn’tsmell,”saidWaghri,whoestimatesshemakesabout300rupees($6)moreeacheveningwithherlantern.“Ifwecanusethesuntosavesomemoney,whynot?” InIndia,solarpowerprojects,oftenfundedbymicrocreditinstitutions,arehelpingthecountryreducecarbonemissionsandachieveitsgoaltodoublethecontributionofrenewableenergyto6%,or25,000megawatts,withinthenextfouryears. Off-gridapplicationssuchassolarcookersandlanterns,whichcanprovideseveralhoursoflightatnightafterbeingchargedbythesunduringtheday,willhelpcutdependenceonfossilfuelsandreducethefourthbiggestemitter’scarbonfootprint,saidPradeepDadhich,aseniorfellowatenergyresearchinstituteTERIinIndia“Theyarereachingpeoplewhootherwisehavelimitedornoaccesstoelectricityanddependonkerosene,dieselorfirewoodfortheirenergyneed,”hesaid.“Theappliancesnotonlysatisfytheseneeds,theyalsoimprovethequalityoflifeandreducethecarbonemissions.” SEWA,ortheSelf-EmployedWomen’sAssociation,isamongagrowingnumberofmicrofinanceinstitutionsinIndiafocusedonprovidingaffordablerenewableenergysourcestopoorpeople,whootherwisewouldhavehadtostandforhourstobuykeroseneforlampsortrudgekilometerstocollectfirewoodforcooking. SKS,Microfinance,thelargestsuchinstitutioninIndia,offerssolarlampstoits5millioncustomers,whiletheRuralSolarElectricityFoundationhelpspayforlampsandsystemsforhomesandstreetlightingforvillagersinIndia,NepalandBangladesh. InneighboringBangladesh,thestate-ownedandprivate-sectorpowerplantscangenerate3,700to4,300megawattsofelectricityadayagainstademandof5,500megawatts,accordingtothestate-runpowerdevelopmentboard.Withonly40percentofthecountry’speoplehavingaccesstoelectricity,microfinanceinstitutionslikeGrameenBankhavemadeamajorpushtowardexpandingtheuseofsolarpower.Since2001,350,000solarhomesystemshavebeeninstalledinBangladeshand550,000solarlanternshavebeendistributed,bringingsolarpowertoabout4millionpeople. “Rightnow2.5millionpeoplearebenefitingfromsolarenergy,andwehaveaplantoreach10millionpeoplebytheendof2012,”saidDipalChandraBarua,managingdirectorofGrameenShakti,anoffshootofthe2006NobelPeacePrizewinnerGrameenBank,whichencouragestheuseofalternativeenergy.

英译汉Stroll through the farmers market and you will hear a plethora of languages and see a rainbow of faces

问答题Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy—ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what at last I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. A little of this, but not much. I have achieved. Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward reward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberated in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and I would gladly live it again if the chance were offered to me.

问答题Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 21 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. "Anthropology" derives from the Greek words anthropos "human" and logos "the study of". By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 22 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 23 The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor"s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 24 Tylor defined culture as "...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society". This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor"s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. 25 Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture", like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.

问答题从技术角度讲，除食品外，任何能改变我们生理和心理机能的物质都是药物。许多人错误地认为“药物”这个词仅指某些药品或嗜毒者服用的违禁化学品。他们没有认识到像酒精、烟草这些熟悉的物质也是药物。这也就是为什么许多医生和心理学家现在使用了一个更为中性的词——物质，他们常用“物质滥用”而不是“药物滥用”来清楚表明滥用酒精和烟草这样的物质同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害。 在我们生活的社会里，物质(药物)被广泛地使用于社交和治疗：服阿斯匹林来缓解头痛，喝点儿酒来应酬，早晨喝咖啡来提神，吸支烟镇定一下情绪等。使用这些物质得到了社会认可，而且显然具有积极的一面，但什么时候变成滥用了呢?首先，大多数物质使用过量都会产生副作用，譬如中毒或反复使用一种物质可导致上瘾或对该物质(药物)的依赖。依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会出现不舒服的停药症状。

问答题Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an occupation should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, however, most people make several job choices during their working lives, partly because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should therefore enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a field of work rather than for a single job. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans without benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing little about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis Some drift from job to job. Others stick to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students—or their parents for them—choose the professional field, disregarding both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal requirements The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "White-collar" job is no good reason for choosing it as life"s work, Moreove, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious consideration to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take risks for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.

问答题Given that all countries other than the U.S. have universal health care systems in place, this may invite questions on why the U.S. remains the only wealthy, industrialized country without such a system.

问答题He said that this was a good suggestion, which he would look into.

问答题A look at the companies pursuing the technology gives a good indication of its potential.

问答题Most scientists agree this outpouring contributes to global warming, which could eventually lead to coastal flooding, extreme weather, and widespread crop loss.

问答题She would have blushed had she been told as much in plain, set terms, and next, she might have grown indignant and asserted that her sole interest lay in the man she loved and her desire for him to make t he best of himself.

问答题自查韦斯(Hugo Chavez)1999年就任总统以来，委内瑞拉与古巴两国间的经贸往来和文化交流日益增多。

问答题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} 美国人认为，向人借钱的是聪明人，借钱给人的是傻瓜。美国政府、企业和普通百姓都以此为准则，使资源丰富的美国成为欠债最多的国家。美国人用明天的钱，使今天的楼市一落千丈、通胀加剧。无论是美国政府还是企业和个人，总认为美国是世界最富裕的国家，可以为所欲为地借钱、用钱。然而，靠借钱过日子的国家，总不是一个健康的国家。“不用花一分钱可以成为豪宅业主”，终于引发了波及全球的金融危机；靠印钞票来掠取他国资产，会使自己的诚信彻底丧失。不负责任地“向人借钱的聪明人”，反被聪明所误，这已成为威胁美国安全的因素之一。

问答题The island continent of Australia offers an enormous array of scenic variety and you can take the opportunity of enjoying just about every adventure you've ever dreamed possible.