问答题他成为一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王。

问答题我再向外看时，他已{{U}}抱{{/U}}了朱红的橘子往回走。

问答题The vaulting-off point of Ben Ratliff"s biography is the belief that John Coltrane, tenor and soprano saxophonist, was not only a towering performer but also the last major figure in the evolution of jazz. Indeed, jazz seemed to lose its way after he died in 1967, aged 40. Mr. Ratliff, jazz critic for the New York Times, leaves Coltrane"s private life largely alone. For a jazzman, he kicked drugs and drink pretty early and afterwards led a remarkably suburban life. Rather, it is a biography of the Coltrane sound: an urgent, non-vibrato intensity that the saxophonist constantly reinvented—unlike most jazz musicians who professionally settle into a comfortable groove or who reinvent themselves at most once or twice in their lives. The Coltrane sound, unlike Charlie Parker"s, did not spring fully formed on the listening public. Coltrane was something of a late and hesitant starter. He was nearly 30 when an assuredness settled in and he was able to harness his phenomenal technique and mastery of jazz lore to his urgent driven style, soloing in riffles and cascades of scales and arpeggios. The late 1950s were exceptional years for jazz. Though rock-and-roll had not yet swamped it, jazz big bands were no longer commercially viable. The jazz was in small clubs where quartets and quintets played live, and Coltrane was lucky to be hired by two superb bandleaders and teachers, Miles Davis and Thelonious Monk. But for Coltrane, all this was the beginning of the journey, not the end. At first he attempted to cram ever more into the Western harmony of jazz tunes: an ever-denser architecture of chord changes. Before long, even his technique exhausted those possibilities. He began to abandon harmony, turning to modes that seemed to speak of older things: African and native-American history, Eastern spiritual power, universal love. Then even the modes started to go. Many of his audiences lost him as he encouraged younger, more wayward players into his regular group; then his regular musicians went. Asked by a Japanese reporter in 1966 what he wished to be in ten years" time, Coltrane replied simply that he wanted to be a saint. And that, in many circles, is what after his death he became. To the cult"s adherents, Coltrane"s music by the end had ascended to a plane of intensity that was close to godliness, and could not be questioned. A Church of St John Coltrane exists in San Francisco: the founders first claimed that the musician was an incarnation of god, but later demoted him to sainthood. Mr. Ratliff"s biography is particularly good in exploring Coltrane"s afterlife. Cohrane"s musical presence remains so powerful that even today jazz musicians, particularly horn players, are influenced by it—unless they define themselves in sharp contradistinction to it. But Mr. Ratliff investigates the charge that, if jazz as an evolutionary folk form died with Coltrane, it was he who killed it: pulling down its harmonic structure, destroying its sense of swing and knocking the pleasure and fun out of it in an ecstasy of self-indulgence. The late Robert Lowell, an American poet, spoke of "the monotony of the sublime"; this could be applied to Coltrane. On the charge of destroying jazz, Mr. Ratliff finds Coltrane not guilty. But it is hard to escape a sense, both among those jazz players who followed him out to the wilder edges or those who struggled to bring the idiom back to its earlier harmonic forms, that jazz has been chasing its tail ever since he died. Had Coltrane"s life not been cut short, where would his sound have chased next?

问答题Climbing is the focus of my existence to the exclusion of almost everything else.

问答题Although it symbolises a bright idea, the traditional incandescent light bulb is a dud. It wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95% of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light. Its life is also relatively short, culminating in a dull pop as its filament fractures. Now a team of researchers has devised a light bulb that is not only much more energy-efficient—it is also expected to last longer than the devices into which it is inserted. Moreover, the lamp could be used for rear-projection televisions as well as general illumination. The trick to a longer life, for light bulbs at least, is to ensure that the lamp has no electrodes. Although electrodes are undeniably convenient for plugging bulbs directly into the lighting system, they are also the main reason why lamps fail. The electrodes wear out. They can react chemically with the gas inside the light bulb, making it grow dimmer. They are also difficult to seal into the structure of the bulb, making the rupture of these seals another potential source of failure. Scientists working for Ceravision, a company based in Milton Keynes, in Britain, have designed a new form of lamp that eliminates the need for electrodes. Their device uses microwaves to transform electricity into light. It consists of a relatively small lump of aluminium oxide into which a hole has been bored. When the aluminium oxide is bombarded with microwaves generated from the same sort of device that powers a microwave oven, a concentrated electric field is created inside the void. If a cylindrical capsule containing a suitable gas is inserted into the hole, the atoms of the gas become ionised. As electrons accelerate in the electric field, they gain energy that they pass on to the atoms and molecules of the gas as they collide with them, creating a glowing plasma. The resulting light is bright, and the process is energy-efficient. Indeed, whereas traditional light bulbs emit just 5% of their energy as light, and fluorescent tubes about 15%, the Ceravision lamp has an efficiency greater than 50%. Because the lamp has no filament, the scientists who developed it think it will last for thousands of hours of use—in other words, for decades. Moreover, the light it generates comes from what is almost a single point, which means that the bulbs can be used in projectors and televisions. Because of this, the light is much more directional and the lamp could thus prove more efficient than bulbs that scatter light in all directions. Its long life would make the new light ideal for buildings in which the architecture makes changing light bulbs complicated and expensive. The lamps" small size makes them comparable to light-emitting diodes but the new lamp generates much brighter light than those semiconductor devices do. A single microwave generator can be used to power several lamps. Another environmental advantage of the new design is that it does not need mercury, a highly toxic metal found in most of the bulbs used today, including energy-saving fluorescent bulbs, fluorescent tubes and the high-pressure bulbs used in projectors. And Ceravision also reckons it should be cheap to make. With lighting accounting for some 20% of electricity use worldwide, switching to a more efficient system could both save energy and reduce emissions of climate-changing greenhouse gases.

问答题1．书籍引导我们进入优秀的社会群体，将我们带到伟大的思想家面前。读书中我们耳闻目睹他们的言行举止，仿佛见到了他们活生生的身影，我们同情他们的遭遇，与他们有乐共享、有难同当。他们的遭遇似乎也成为了我们的经历，使我们感到我们自己有点像在他们所描绘的情景中扮演角色。 2．名声、财产和权利等都是身外之物，人人都可求而得之，但没有人能够代替你感受人生。如果你真正意识到这一点，你就会明白，人生在世最重要的事就是活出你自己的特色和滋味来。你的人生是否有意义，衡量的标准不是外在的成功，而是对人生意义的独特领悟和追求。 3．中国坚持以人为本的科学发展观，着力构建和谐社会，改革开放和现代化建设取得了新的进展。经济持续发展，政治更加民主，社会全面进步，人民生活进一步提高，并呈现出不断改善和全面发展的良好局面。

问答题For a school to prove that it has made progress and emerge winner in the yearly battle, the principal, teachers and pupils will all have to focus their time and energy on achieving excellent academic results.

问答题有些大学给不该得高分的学生很高的分数，这种倾向被称之为“分数膨胀”。

问答题中国人民选择和平发展道路，是基于中国的传统文化、惨痛的历史和现实的巨大成就所作出的明智选择。 中国是一个有5000年历史的文明古国，有着与外来文化取长补短、兼容并蓄的传统。我们的祖先历来强调“以和为贵”。历史上，中国在对外交往中始终强调亲仁善邻、和而不同。2000年前，中国与周边国家有使节往来、商品交易、文化交流，汉朝张骞出使西域开辟了陆上“丝绸之路”。1000年前，中国对外交往海陆并重，盛况空前，茶叶、丝绸、瓷器等商品远销亚欧诸多国家；600多年前，中国明代航海家郑和率领舰队“七下西洋”，足迹遍及亚非30多个国家和地区，带去的是先进的农耕和手工艺技术，还有精美的产品和真诚的友谊。这样的文化传统决定了今天的中国必然选择和平发展延续历史，并融入当今世界和平与发展的潮流。 从19世纪80年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，到庚子之乱乃至20世纪30年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺；再加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。 1949年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从1978年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。

问答题Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights. The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries. Over 1 billion persons lack access to a basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contamination, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing poverty. States have to adopt effective measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water.

问答题1895年，中国在中日甲午战争中战败，陷入了深刻的国家危机，世界列强威胁要瓜分中国。那些忧患国家命运的知识分子要求改革，不仅工业和军事方面要改，政治体制也得改。康有为、梁启超和谭嗣同便是维新派的代表人物。 康有为会同一千三百多名举人联名上书光绪皇帝，要求维新变法。康有为主张以君主立宪制代替封建专制。康有为的学生梁启超协助撰写文章，宣传变法思想。相比之下，谭嗣同更为激进，撰写了《仁学》一书批驳传统思想。 维新派不断发表演说，出版论著，在报上撰文，阐明变法的必要性。中国的危急形势在一定程度上帮助了他们，当时的形势表明中国除了变法之外别无出路。但是，顽固派，在国内，尤其是在统治阶级中的势力仍然十分强大。他们极力反对变法，认为要变的是人，不是法，因为所有的错误都来自于人们的错误想法。 1898年，康有为再次上书光绪皇帝。他谏言只有维新变法才能救国，不变法国家就要灭亡。这一次，光绪皇帝被说动了，赞同了康有为的观点和建议。1898年6月，他让康有为和其他一些变法派在政府中担任要职，并授权他们进行改革。 他们采取的主要是一些经济和教育改良措施，诸如鼓励工商业，设立学校，改革科举制度，裁撤一些不必要的政府机构。但是真正执掌大权的是以慈禧太后为首的顽固派，他们非常憎恨这些举措，强烈反对。在军队的协助下，慈禧于9月发动政变。将光绪皇帝软禁，并且杀害了谭嗣同等六位维新志士。康有为和梁启超侥幸逃脱。百日维新就这样宣告结束。 变法的失败给进步人士这样一个教训：要在清廷的统治下改革政治体制是不可能的。不久以后，以孙中山为首的具有更为激进思想的人们开始策划武装起义推翻清王朝。历经失败之后，终于在1911年取得了胜利。

问答题除非是做特别剧烈的瑜伽运动，否则你实际消耗的能量不足以减肥。

问答题他并不如大家所料想的那么生计维艰，一筹莫展。

问答题Ranked as one of the most important industries in Britain, the motor components industry consists of over 2,000 companies.

问答题人们发现，所有在国外旅行的人都根据他们自己的风俗习惯来评价他们的所见所闻和他们所吃的东西。凡是广泛阅读过有关外国情况的书刊的人，他们往往比较能适应，也比较宽容，这是因为他们在开始旅行之前，他们的心胸就已经比较开阔了。事实上，人们在没有直接接触那些事物时是比较容易抱宽容态度的。当一个美国人怡然自得地待在装有集中供暖设备的家里时，对于大多数中国家庭的住宅里没有集中供暖设备这种情况，他会付之一笑，表示谅解。他能够轻而易举地做到宽宏大量。但是一接触到现实，事情就难办了。人们在直接接触到自己不习惯的事物时，要容忍、谅解就难得多了。

问答题2008年奥运会上，武术既不是正式比赛项目，也不是表演项目，但经奥组委同意奥运会期间可举行一次国际性比赛。

问答题他的眼睛格外大，却少了原本该有的那份天真无邪，看着陌生人时尤其显得老成。

问答题1．中国与美国及其他国家的贸易关系在寻求共同繁荣中既有机会又有不寻常的风险。对跨国公司来说，面临的威胁是，在他们将其最佳实践(best practice)带入全球时，中国可能会由此爬上“价值链”——生产出更先进的产品——从而使美国、日本和欧洲的大多数工人的生活水平停滞不前。 2．我们还在为实现和平发展的目标而斗争，我们也有很多问题需要解决，但是，此次的政府工作报告表明，我们的政府正勇于面对未来的挑战，并且有决心和方法来应对这些挑战。 3．许多地方政府官员“忠诚地”相信“污染——发展”的公式，即“先发展、后清洁”，但如果培养的下一代缺少智慧或劳动力整体智力水平低下，经济将如何能持续发展?

问答题Some recent historians have argued that life in the British colonies in America from approximately 1763 to 1789 was marked by internal conflicts among colonists. Inheriting some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation. The kind of conflict most emphasized by these historians is class conflict. Yet with the Revolutionary War dominating these years, how does one distinguish class conflict within that larger conflict? Certainly not by the side a person supported. 1 Although many of these historians have accepted the earlier assumption that Loyalists represented an upper class, new evidence indicates that Loyalists, like rebels, were drawn from all socioeconomic classes. (It is nonetheless probably true that a larger percentage of the well-to-do joined the Loyalists than joined the rebels.) Looking at the rebel side, we find little evidence for the contention that lower-class rebels were in conflict with upper-class rebels. Indeed, the war effort against Britain tended to suppress class conflicts. 2 Where it did not, the disputing rebels of one or another class usually Loyalists. Loyalism thus operated as a safety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels. Disputes occurred, of course, among those who remained on the rebel side, but the extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth-century American society (with the obvious exception of slaves) usually prevented such disputes from hardening along class lines. Social structure was in fact so fluid—though recent statistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half of the century progressed—that to talk about social classes at all requires the use of loose economic categories such as rich, poor, and middle class, or eighteenth-century designations like "the better sort". 3 Despite these vague categories, one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. Outside of New York, however, there were very few instances of openly expressed class antagonism. Having said this, one must add that there is much evidence to support the further claim of recent historians that sectional conflicts were common between 1763 and 1789. The "Paxton Boys" incident and the Regulator movement are representative examples of the widespread, and Justified, discontent of western settlers against colonial or state governments dominated by eastern interest. 4 Although undertones of class conflict existed beneath such hostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict which also existed between North and South deserves further investigation. In summary, historians must be careful about the kind of conflict they emphasize in eighteenth-century America. 5 Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.

问答题去美国访问的人经常带回报告说，大多数美国人对他们友善、好客、乐于助人。公平地说，人们对加拿大和加拿大人也有这样的评论。最好应该视其为北美普遍存在的现象。当然也有例外，在美国，心胸狭隘的官员、举止粗鲁的招待以及缺乏教养的出租车司机也并不罕见。但由于人们常得出上述结论，那就值得议论一番了。 在过去很长一段时间，在美国很多地方，旅行者的到来对沉闷的生活有着调节作用。那时人们居住相距遥远、沉闷、孤寂是普遍存在的问题。陌生人和旅行者很受欢迎，能给他们带来消遣娱乐，同时还带来了外部世界的消息。 拓荒者面对的严酷生活现实也促成这一好客传统。独自旅行时，如果没有了食物，受了伤或生了病，通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助。对旅行者来说，这不是选择的问题，对当地来说，这也并非出于要行善的一时冲动。它反映了日常生活的严酷性：如果你不接纳他，那他再找不到别人了。请记住，没准儿哪天你也会面临相同的处境。