单选题I never feel safe with Richard ______ the wheel.

单选题One can ______ even from one"s unpleasant experiences.

单选题bring in

单选题Questions 14-23 ·Look at the ten statements for this part. ·You will hear a short interview with George Jones, executive director for Bread for the City a private nonprofit organization. ·Decide whetheryou think each statement is right(R), wrong(W) or not mentioned(NM). ·Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

单选题Read the following text and decide which answer best fits each space. For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet. Recycling Paper The process of recycling paper can help to reduce deforestation and energy consumption on a significant scale. There are many different reasons why we should recycle paper products, and some of these are【C1】______in the paragraphs below. Energy consumption will always be on the【C2】______as population levels grow, and so any manufacturing processes which help to reduce energy consumption are【C3】______ The Energy Information Administration(EIA)claim that there can be as【C4】______as a 40% energy saving when recycling paper over producing paper【C5】______the direct raw material. Although recycling paper has many【C6】______, it also has its drawbacks. One of these drawbacks is that we cannot recycle the【C7】______paper product for eternity, as the fibers contained within the paper degrade over time,【C8】______their strength and length. On【C9】______, an individual paper fiber can only be recycled a【C10】______of six times. Although this is a significant drawback, the six time recycling process will help to【C11】______a great deal of energy when you consider【C12】______much paper there is to be recycled. If paper fibers can be recycled up to 6 times, and we recycled all paper products, this could help to【C13】______the intensity of deforestation for paper products up to a factor of 6. With paper production said to【C14】______around 40% of harvested wood, and paper said to【C15】______around 90% wood, you can see how recycling paper is an important process for the【C16】______of our forests. Today, the use of recycled paper products is on the increase, as more and more people begin to recycle paper【C17】______products around the home. Although there are slight differences in the recycling processes of different【C18】______of paper products(e.g. corrugated, mixed paper, newspaper products), we are able to recycle just about any type of paper product around today. The recycling logo helps to【C19】______a recyclable product and can also sometimes help to identify if the product contains any recycled material, in the form of a percentage. This helps a consumer to identify the【C20】______of recycling various products.

单选题Questions 24-30 ·Look at the questions for this part. ·You will hear a passage about "Living a Long Life ". You will listen to it twice. ·For questions 24-30, indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response. ·Mark one letter A, B, or C on the Answer Sheet.

单选题Questions 14-23 ·Look at the ten statements for this part. ·You will hear a story about communication through time. ·Decide whether you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W) or not mentioned(NM). ·You will listen to it twice. ·Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

单选题The students are conducting experiments in the lab.

单选题She learned to make concessions in order to ______ certain goals.

单选题For most of us, the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other part of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the paces of workers at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative. Inequality at work and in work is still one of the crudest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society. The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others' working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable — for themselves — by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.

单选题It is difficult to convey the exact meaning of an idiom in a foreign language.

单选题His illness accounts for his absence.

单选题One of the conflicts that a teacher faces relates to economics. The teacher is expected to be a model of dress and appearance, to live in a respectable house or apartment within the school community, and to participate financially in religious, social, and welfare organizations. All too often, teachers are expected to maintain a certain standard of living on salaries that are not commensurate with their needs. These community pressures have caused many teachers, especially male teachers who may be the sole source of income for their families, to get a second job, to moonlight. The teacher, besides being an employee of the school board, a subordinate of the principal and other superiors, and a colleague to fellow teachers, also has many roles in the classroom. Teachers transmit knowledge and direct learning. They enter the classroom to teach; and if there is any role they can perform best, it should be this. They should have acquired a thorough understanding of their subject and have received special training through professional work in teaching methods, curriculum, philosophy, and psychology. The teacher has been specially trained to teach for maximum learning. Our schools have traditionally divided subject matter into courses. Teacher's success is usually gauged by how successfully pupils master subject matter. Teachers also discipline; they strive to guide children toward appropriate behavior. This guidance may be carried out in various ways. Some teachers become strict disciplinarians; some try to get students to cooperate voluntarily; still others let students be free to act as they want. Many teachers never learn to control students successfully. Discipline problems plague many beginning teachers. It is difficult to learn the techniques of disciplining students, since they can not be specifically taught in teacher preparation programs. The public sees lack of discipline as the most urgent problem in the schools now. Teachers who have a firm background in their subjects, in educational philosophy, and in psychology of learning have the best chance for handling classroom discipline well. The teacher is an evaluator. Like discipline, evaluation is a difficult task for a teacher. Children receive grades and are passed or held back by the decision of the teacher. Also, the teacher determines what is appropriate moral and ethical behavior for students. In many respects, teachers are entrusted with the authority of judge and jury; they need all their personal resources to evaluate each child fairly. Often the teacher acts as a substitute for the parent. In most states the teacher stands in for parents while the child is in school. Teachers are expected not only to discipline a child as the parent might and at the same time teach, but also to help the child manage personal problems. The teacher performs a multitude of duties ranging from helping little children with their clothing to helping older students adjust to the anxieties of adolescence. Occasionally, the teacher becomes the special confidant of students — when, for example, students find it hard to tell their parents about particular personal problems. All the foregoing does not imply that the teacher must be everything to all persons to be successful. Situations will dictate appropriate teacher response. Teachers must perceive their proper role, and they must understand the expectations and limitations that accompany that role.

单选题Fishermen care about tides, for some kind of fish swim in to a shore and out to sea with the tides.

单选题Read the following passage and decide which answer best fits each space. For questions 26~45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet.The "standard of living" of any country means the【C1】______person's share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living, therefore depends【C2】______and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this【C3】______is not money, for we do not live on money【C4】______on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as【C5】______and "entertainment". A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect【C6】______one another. Wealth depends【C7】______a great extent upon a country's natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a【C8】______soil and a favorable climate; other regions【C9】______none of them. Next to natural resources【C10】______the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from【C11】______and external wars, and for this and other reasons was incapable【C12】______her resources. Sound and【C13】______political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country【C14】______well served by nature but less well ordered. A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and【C15】______within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example, Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much【C16】______if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would【C17】______be lacking. A country's wealth is, therefore, much【C18】______by its manufacturing capacity,【C19】______that other countries can be found ready to【C20】______its manufactures.

单选题The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million speak it as a native language. Mainly in the United States, Canada, the Great Britain, Ireland, south African, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the varieties of English found in these areas, there are great many regional and social varieties of language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms. It is virtually possible to estimate the number of people in the world who acquired adequate work knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for which English is learned and the situation in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation. The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are produced and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purpose as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread information over the radio and television networks of many nations for the number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations and need a language for internal communication as well as for international communication and for access to the scientific and technological development in the west.

单选题Susan and I often disagree , but we are good friends.

单选题Read the following article from a newspaper and answer questions 19-25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Are You Afraid of MOOCs? Are MOOCs and other online materials a threat to quality public higher education, and to our role as professors? The members of the philosophy department at San Jose State University think so. They recently issued an open letter to Michael Sandel, a professor of Harvard University, objecting to his role in encouraging the use of MOOCs at public universities. The controversy stems from San Jose State's contract with edX, a company that provides MOOCs, including one based on Sandel's course on justice at Harvard. San Jose State has agreed to use materials provided by edX, but the philosophy department has refused to use Sandel's online lectures in its courses. Though MOOCs are still new, many of the arguments presented by the San Jose State philosophy professors do not ring true in light of my experience. We should begin by distinguishing two issues. The philosophy professors state that they have felt pressured by their administration to use the materials from Sandel's course. The administration denies exerting any such pressure. Whatever the truth of the matter, that is an issue of academic freedom, and not about the pedagogical merits of using MOOCs and other online materials. I certainly agree that professors should be, responsible for the content and pedagogy in their own courses. The real issue, then, is whether the availability and use of online materials, whether through MOOCs or through other channels, is a threat to quality education, especially at public universities. Many of the arguments presented in the letter presuppose an either/or, all-or-nothing approach when it comes to face-to-face versus online teaching. But the whole point of a hybrid, or blended, course is that it combines both. And it is difficult to see why it makes a great deal of difference whether the online content is delivered via a MOOC or not. Nothing will ever replace the face-to-face discussions that occur in the classroom. But in many traditional, on-campus courses, little discussion occurs. In a lecture course with hundreds, or even just scores, of students, much of the time in the classroom is inevitably spent with the professor lecturing and the students(hopefully)taking notes-or at least listening attentively. In courses with a significant lecture component, the advantages of using online lectures are undeniable. I know from my own experience that, if my attention wanes for a few moments, it is very convenient to simply go back and play a portion again. One can do the same if one doesn't quite understand something the first time. And one need not miss material to take a bathroom break. The availability of high-quality online lectures is an opportunity to rethink how we spend our time in the classroom. If an online lecture presents the material, or walks students through an argument, we are freed to spend more time discussing the aspects of the material that are most difficult-or most interesting. We can do other kinds of activities that we might not have time for if we felt obliged to present the material in the traditional way. Yes, hybrid courses usually involve less face-to-face time, but that time can be better and more effectively spent. The crucial thing is that the instructor remains in the driver's seat -and that takes us back to academic freedom. As long as individual professors are choosing what material to assign or recommend, running their in-class discussions and adding material that they think is not adequately covered in the online lectures, choosing the assignments and tests, and grading those tests, there is no threat to the professoriate, or to the quality of education at universities, public or otherwise.

单选题To Tweet or Not to Tweet The economy may be troubled, but one area is thriving: social media. They begin with Facebook and extend through a dizzying array of companies that barely existed five years ago: Twitter, LinkedIn, Groupon, Yammer, Yelp, Flickr, Ning, Digg—and the list goes on. These companies are mostly private but have attracted the ardent attention of Wall Street and investors, with Facebook now worth a purported ＄75 billion and Groupon valued at close to ＄25 billion. There can be little doubt than these companies enrich their founders as well as some investors. But do they add anything to overall economic activity? While jobs in social media are growing fast, there were only about 21,000 listings last spring, a tiny fraction of the 150 million-member U.S. workforce. So do social-media tools enhance productivity or help us bridge the wealth divide? Or are they simply social-entertaining and diverting us but a wash when it comes to national economic health? The answers are vital, because billions of dollars in investment capital are being spent on these ventures, and if we are to have a productive future economy, that capital needs to grow the economic pie—and not just among the elite of Silicon Valley and Wall Street. The U.S. retains a competitive advantage because of its ability to innovate, but if that innovation creates services that don't turn into jobs, growth and prosperity, then it does us only marginal good. The problem is that these tools are so new that it is extremely difficult to answer the questions definitively. Flash back nearly 20 years and the same questions were being asked about the first Internet wave. Were Netscape and the Web enhancing our economy, or were people just spending more time at work checking out ESPN.com? Official statistics weren't designed to capture the benefits, and didn't—until statistics mavens at the Federal Reserve, urged on by Alan Greenspan, refined the way they measured productivity. As a result of these somewhat controversial innovations, the late 1990s became a period of substantial technology-driven gains. It is possible that the same gap exists today, that social-media tools are indeed laying the groundwork for new industries and jobs but aren't yet registering on the statistical radar. Many companies believe social media make them more competitive. Ford and Zappos, for instance, use Twitter to market their products and address consumer complaints. Countless corporations have created internal Facebook pages and Yammer accounts for employees to communicate across divisions and regions. Industry groups for engineers, doctors and human-resources professionals have done the same to share new ideas and solutions on a constant basis rather than episodically at conferences. Staffing companies have been especially keen on social media; a senior executive at Manpower told me we should think of social-media tools as today's version of the telephone. One big question is what proportion of that benefit will be captured economically by consumers vs. corporations. Sure, social media allow people to compare prices and quality and assess which companies are good to work for and where jobs might be. They also may enhance education and idea sharing, but the caveat is that the people who use these tools are the ones with higher education and income to spend on technology, not the tens of millions whose position in today's world has eroded so sharply. According to a recent Pew Foundation study, only 45% of adults making less than ＄30,000 have access to broadband, which is an essential component of using content-rich social media effectively. And that is the rub. Like so many things these days, social media contribute to economic bifurcation. Dynamic companies are benefiting from these tools, even if the gains are tough to nail down in specific figures. Many individuals are benefiting too, using Linkedln to find jobs and Groupon to find deals. Bui for now, the irony is that social media widen the social divide, making it even harder for the have-nots to navigate. They allow those with jobs to do them more effectively and companies that are profiting to profit more. But so far, they have done little to aid those who are being left behind. They are, in short, business as usual.

单选题As soon as he was confronted with the evidence, he admitted that he had stolen the car.