填空题Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A~H)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Smartphone Data to Give Early Warning of Earthquakes One day last August, in the early hours of the morning, a 6.0-magnitude earthquake rocked Napa Valley, waking people all around California's famed wine region.【R1】______Once the quake was over, tracker company Jawbone gathered the data in a public graphic, using it to detail the differences in disturbance for life loggers in Berkeley, Oakland and San Jose. Now new research shows that sensors in smartphones can give early warning of an earthquake too. 【R2】______Many of us walk around laden with devices that compile data on our movements and interests - data that seismologists now want to help spot the next major earthquake. At the US Geological Survey, Benjamin Brooks is looking to smartphones rather than finely tuned scientific instruments to predict big quakes. Smartphones come equipped with GPS sensors that can tell where you're standing, give or take a few metres.【R3】______They can also sense a sudden lurch in one direction — the kind of movement that, when logged by many people at once, might be a sign of a seismic shift. "Imagine all of Portland was out at a cafe on a sunny day, and everyone's smartphones were sitting on the table when one of these great earthquakes happened," says Brooks. "The whole city would appear to move." 【R4】______One simulation explored a model magnitude 7.0 earthquake along the Hayward fault, and another used actual location data recorded at scientific stations during Japan's devastating 2011 megaquake. Both scenarios suggested that data from around 5,000 people would be enough to spot the beginnings of a major earthquake, leaving about 5 seconds to warn major population centres that hadn't yet felt its effects. When an earthquake is coming, a few seconds of warning can be crucial.【R5】______"You get out in front of the situation and inform people before any ill effects," says Brooks. Smart sensing This isn't seismologists' first foray into smart phones. Two years ago, researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena came out with an app, Crowdshake, which monitors a phone's accelerometer.【R6】______Until then, Brooks and his colleagues plan to keep putting smartphones to the test. In an upcoming pilot in Chile, about 250 phones will be stripped of their standard GPS cards and placed in boxes around the country, where they'll lie in wait to record the next big earthquake. Others have found ingenious ways to tap into human activity to locate quakes. 【R7】______ Whenever there's a sudden surge of traffic to their website, they look at where visitors are accessing it from to get a sense of where the earthquake is and how strong it might be.【R8】______Within a couple of minutes, they have enough information to publish their first unconfirmed reports of the quake. "The internet is the nervous system of the planet," says Remy Bossu, secretary general at the centre. "If we want to make rapid earthquake information available to the public and authorities, we have to focus on the earthquakes that matter for them."A. At the European-Mediterranean Seismological Center, seismologists rely on the internet to pinpoint where earthquakes are happening around the globe.B. Many were wearing fitness trackers.C. Unfortunately, with GPS data it isn't as simple as building an app: Smartphone manufacturers don't currently provide access to the raw data required.D. While Jawbone's post didn't inspire confidence in the privacy of users' data, it did make a point: Humans can be useful sensors.E. On an ordinary day, these are what allow us to map our way to a store or geolocate our tweets.F. Fire-station doors could start to raise, gas pipelines could automatically shut off, and city residents could jump to safety under a nearby desk.G. They also monitor Twitter for relevant keywords.H. Brooks and his colleagues have now tested what crowd sourced GPS data might look like in a real earthquake.

填空题People with learning ______ often cannot think about just one thing for any period of time. (ability)

填空题Our house is not ______ with yours. (compare)

填空题The patient"s progress was very encouraging as he could ______ get out of bed without help. (bare)

填空题In the United States, it is important to be punctual for an appointment, a class, a meeting, etc. This may not be true in all countries, however.【R1】______The two-hour class was due to begin at 10:00 am, and end at 12:00 am. On the first day, when the professor arrived on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10:00 am. Several arrived after 10:30 am. Another two students came after 11:00 am.【R2】______Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students' behavior. The professor talked to the American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and formal situation: lunch with a friend, and a university class, respectively.【R3】______If they had a lunch appointment with a friend, the average American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time. 【R4】______ In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour.【R5】______Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States, but they also end at the scheduled time. In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at noon, many remained past 12:30 to discuss the class and ask more questions. While arriving late may not be very important in Brazil, neither is staying late. 【R6】______People from Brazilian and North American cultures have different feelings about lateness. In Brazil, the students believe that a person who usually arrives late is probably more successful than a person who is always on time.【R7】______Consequently, if a Brazilian is late for an appointment with a North American, the American may misinterpret the reason for the lateness and become angry. As a result of his study, the professor learned that the Brazilian students were not being disrespectful to him.【R8】______Eventually, the professor was able to adapt his own behavior to feel comfortable in the new culture. A. The explanation for these differences is complicated. B. He gave them an example and asked them how they would react. C. An American professor discovered this difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian university. D. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, few apologized for their lateness. E. In contrast in Brazil, neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour. F. On the other hand, the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes. G Instead, they were simply behaving the appropriate way for a Brazilian student in Brazil. H. In fact Brazilians expect a person with status of prestige to arrive late, while in the United States, lateness is usually considered to be disrespectful and unacceptable.

填空题Directions: Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 6-10, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(6-10), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. people's desire to seek fortune in cities B. lack of food C was falling D. in stable marriage E. not a serious problem as expected F. women's desire for independence G. women's improved status

填空题It was always ______ whether the test of the rocket would succeed. (doubt)

填空题The parking lots is in the ______ of the store. (base)

填空题Imagine a world without brands.【R1】______No raucous advertising, no ugly billboards, and no McDonald's. Yet, given a chance and a bit of money, people flee this Eden. They seek out Budweiser instead of their local tipple, ditch nameless shirts for Gap, prefer Marlboros to homegrown smokes. What should one conclude? That people are pawns in the hands of giant companies with huge advertising budgets and global reach? 【R2】______ The pawn theory is argued, forcefully if not always coherently, by Naomi Klein, author of "No Logo", a book that has become a bible of the anti-globalization movement. Her thesis is that brands have come to represent "a fascist state where we all salute the logo and have little opportunity for criticism because our newspapers, television stations, Internet servers, streets and retail spaces are all controlled by multinational corporate interests."【R3】______produced cheaply in third-world sweatshops, branded goods displace local alternatives and force a grey cultural homogeneity on the world. 【R4】______Outside the United States, they are now symbols of America's corporate power, since most of the world's best-known brands are American. Around them accrete all the worries about environmental damage, human-rights abuses and sweated labor that anti-globalists like to put on their placards. No wonder brands seem bad. 【R5】______They began as a form not of exploitation, but of consumer protection. In pre-industrial days, people knew exactly what went into their meat pies and which butchers were trustworthy; once they moved to cities, they no longer did. A brand provided a guarantee of reliability and quality. Its owner had a powerful incentive to ensure that each pie was as good as the previous one, because that would persuade people to come back for more. Just as distance created a need for brands in the 19th century, so in the age of globalization and the Internet it reinforces their value. A book-buyer might not entrust a company based in Seattle with his credit-card number had experience not taught him to trust the Amazon brand; an American might not accept a bottle of French water were it not for the name of Evian. 【R6】______ Indeed, the dependence of successful brands on trust and consistent quality suggests that consumers need more of them. In poor countries, the arrival of foreign brands points to an increase in competition from which consumers gain. Anybody in Britain old enough to remember the hideous Wimpy, a travesty of a hamburger, must recall the arrival of McDonald's with gratitude. Public services live in a No Logo world: attempts at government branding arouse derision. That is because brands have value only where consumers have choice, which rarely exists in public services. 【R7】______ Brands are the tools with which companies seek to build and retain customer loyalty. Because that often requires expensive advertising and good marketing, a strong brand can raise both prices and barriers to entry. But not to insuperable levels: brands fade as tastes change(Nescafe has fallen, while Starbucks has risen); the vagaries of fashion can rebuild a brand that once seemed moribund(think of cars like the Mini or Beetle); and quality of service still counts(hence the rise of Amazon). 【R8】______ A. Brands have thus become stalking horses for international capitalism. B. Or that brands bring something that people think is better than what they had before? C. Yet this is a wholly misleading account of the nature of brands. D. It existed once, and still exists, more or less, in the world's poorest places. E. The absence of brands in the public sector reflects a world like that of the old Soviet Union, in which consumer choice has little role. F. Because consumer trust is the basis of all brand values, companies that own the brands have an immense incentive to work to retain that trust. G. The ubiquity and power of brand advertising curtails choice, she claims; H. Many brands have been around for more than a century, but the past two decades have seen many more displaced by new global names, such as Microsoft and Nokia.

填空题You will hear two conversations. Write down one word or number in the numbered spaces on the forms below.CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4)John and Sue: the【L1】______wedding anniversaryThe present Sue likes: a【L2】______ringThe present Sue guesses her husband will give her: the【L3】______earringsThe present Paul guesses John will give Sue: a mink【L4】______

填空题Five Painful Facts You Need to Know 0. First of all, let's set the record straight: Pain is normal. About 75 million U.S. residents endure chronic or recurrent pain. So what is pain and why do so many suffer so long? Pain is felt when electrical signals are sent from nerve endings to your brain, which in turn can release painkillers called endorphins and generate reactions that range from instant and physical to long-term and emotional. Beyond that, scientific understanding gets painfully fuzzy. Here's what's known: 1. When you're in pain, you know it. But if scientists could fully grasp how pain works and why, they might be able to help you more. The American Academy of Pain Medicine defines pain as "an unpleasant sensation and emotional response to that sensation." Some pain is the result of an obvious injury. Other times, it is caused by damaged nerves that are not so easy to pinpoint. "Pain is complex and defies our ability to establish a clear definition," says Kathryn Weiner, director of the American Academy of Pain Management. "Pain is far more than neural transmission and sensory transduction. Pain is a complex mixture of emotions, culture, experience, spirit and sensation." 2. If you have chronic pain, you know how demoralizing and debilitating it can be, physically and mentally. It can prevent you from doing things and make you irritable for reasons nobody else understands. But that's only half the story. People with chronic backaches have brains as much as 11 percent smaller than those of non-sufferers, scientists reported in 2004. They don't know why. "It is possible it's just the stress of having to live with the condition," said study leader A. Vania Apkarian of Northwestern University. "The neurons become overactive or tired of the activity." 3. It may not eliminate the phrase "Not tonight, honey ..." but a 2006 study found that migraine sufferers had levels of sexual desire 20 percent higher than those suffering from tension headaches. The finding suggests sexual desire and migraines might be influenced by the same brain chemical, and getting a better handle on the link could lead to better treatments, at least for the pain portion of the equation. 4. Any man who has watched a woman having a baby without using drugs would swear that women can tolerate anything. But the truth is, it hurts more than you can imagine. Women have more nerve receptors than men. As an example, women have 34 nerve fibers per square centimeter of facial skin, while men average just 17. And in a 2005 study, women were found to report more pain throughout their lifetimes and, compared to men, they feel pain in more areas of their body and for longer durations. 5. Animal research could offer clues to eventually relieve human suffering. Take the naked mole rat, a hairless and nearly blind subterranean creature. A study this year found it feels neither the pain of acid nor the sting of chili peppers. If researchers can figure out why, they might be on the road to new sorts of painkilling therapies for humans. In 2006, scientists found a pathway for the transmission of chronic pain in rats that they hope will translate into better understanding of human chronic pain. Lobsters feel no pain, even when boiled, scientists said in a 2005 report that is just one more salvo in a long-running debate. A. Women feel more pain B. Chronic pain is common C. Chronic pain shrinks brains D. Migraines and sex go together E. Pain brings about more stress F. Scientists don't understand pain fully G. Animal research may relieve human pain

填空题Directions: Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 6-10, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(6-10), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. they can't have a majority position in ownership B. find a suitable local partner C. any joint relationship between foreign firms and local firms D. joint ownership of an operation in which at least one of the partners is foreign-based E. maintain operating control F. assume the risks entailed G. take a majority share

填空题TELEPHONECONVERSATION(Questions5-8)

填空题Part 4 Questions 26-45 ·Read the following article and choose the best word for each space. ·For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet. iPhone Left in Hot Car for Three Hours The normally peaceful suburban town of Winnetka is still reeling following the news Monday (26) a local resident, whose name is being (27) by police pending a full investigation, left an iPhone unattended for more than three hours in a car (28) in the hot sun. "Responding to calls from (29) . passersby, who observed the iPhone sitting in a vehicle in the parking (30) of the Westfield Shopping Center, police arrived on the (31) at approximately 4 p.m. and immediately intervened to save the device," said Winnetka police chief Douglas Blaine. "Security cameras have shown that the iPhone had been in the car— with the doors (32) and the windows rolled (33) —since 1 p.m. Due to the tragic and highly emotional (34) of this case, we cannot say any (35) at this time." According to official police records, two officers forcibly (36) into the car at 4:07 p.m. and found the iPhone (37) face down on the dashboard. The iPhone at first showed no (38) of life, but after a tense few seconds, officers were able to wake it and get it to (39) to a series of simple touch commands. Police said that if the iPhone were left in the extreme (40) for any longer, it could have died. The iPhone was rushed by ambulance to a nearby Apple facility for careful (41) .Miraculously, no damage to its memory, screen, or wireless capabilities was reported. Upper-middle-class suburbanites from all over the North Shore area have reacted to the near-tragedy with an unprecedented outpouring of (42) . Hundreds of cards and letters have come streaming in, and local talk radio shows have been flooded (43) calls demanding that the iPhone's (44) be prosecuted. Many have come forward offering to take the iPhone into their custody, and still (45) have donated free downloads, ringtones, and MP3s to the victimized object.

填空题Happy 75th Birthday, Social Security 1. On its 75th anniversary Social Security is once again under attack and so are its defenders. Those who would axe benefits are spreading myths designed to make you think there is a looming crisis. Well, it is just not true. The stark reality is that it will be several decades before the program encounters any financial problems. The program's trust fund will have a ＄4.3 trillion surplus by 2023, and can pay all its obligations for decades to come. And strengthening Social Security is easy—making the very rich pay their fair share by lifting the cap on contributions by the wealthy would allow the program to pay all its obligations indefinitely. 2. Social Security was a centerpiece of FDR(Franklin Delano Roosevelt)'s New Deal reforms that helped this country recover from the Great Depression. These programs provided Americans a measure of dignity and hope and lasting security against the vicissitudes of the market and life. FDR therefore accomplished what the venerable New Deal historian David Kennedy says is the challenge now facing President Obama—a rescue from the current economic crisis which will also make us "more resilient to face those future crises that inevitably await us." 3. This anniversary is also a reminder of how major social reforms in this country have come about—in fits and starts. As former Clinton adviser Paul Begala observed in a Washington Post op-ed, "No self-respecting liberal today would support Franklin Roosevelt's original Social Security Act... If that version of Social Security were introduced today, progressives like me would call it cramped, parsimonious, mean-spirited and even racist. Perhaps it was all those things. But it was also a start. And for 74 years we have built on that start." 4. Indeed when Social Security was first passed it left out African Americans and migrant workers. It was an imperfect piece of legislation but one that progressives built on to create the program we know today—a program like Medicare—that people feel an emotional connection to and will fight to protect. A new campaign from MoveOn and Campaign for America's Future will tap into that energy, enlisting candidates to pledge their support to Social Security this election season—opposing any cuts in benefits, including raising the retirement age. And these candidates would be wise to pay attention: A just-released poll shows that 65% of voters reject raising the retirement age to 70. And a separate AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) poll shows the vast majority oppose cutting Social Security to reduce the deficit, and 50% of non-retired adults are willing to pay more now in payroll taxes to ensure Social Security will be there when they retire. 5. Progressives can also mark this anniversary by not only rededicating themselves to defending Social Security, but also going on the offensive to expand and improve our social security system to provide economic security for everyone.

填空题Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18 with an expression from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(A~G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. it suits non-desert-like areas as well.B. they had borne the old colour for more than sixty years.C. the new colour is exactly what the military needs at the moment.D. it has various shades and can warn of dangers.E. it has rock and soil from desert-like areas as samples.F. the military needs to adapt to the new environments of operations.G. there is a significant difference between a dirt colour and a sand color.

填空题St. Paul didn't like it.【R1】______Hesiod declared it "mischievous" and "hard to get rid of it", but Oscar Wilder said, "Gossip is charming." "History is merely gossip," he wrote in one of his famous plays. " But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality." In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries. 【R2】______Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all. Gossip is " an intrinsically valuable activity," philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Ze'ev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn't come through ordinary channels, such as: "What was the real reason so-and-so was fired from the office?"【R3】______It is "a kind of sharing" that also "satisfies the tribal need — namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group." 【R4】______ Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a "saintly virtue", by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. 【R5】______ Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. 【R6】______ By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help. 【R7】______But remember, if(as often is the case among gossipers)you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. 【R8】______ A. Moses warned his people against it. B. "It seems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets," he writes. C. Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. D. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion. E. Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Ze'ev says. F. What's more, the professor notes, "Gossip is enjoyable." G. Or, as Will Rogers said, "Live so that you wouldn't be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip." H. So go ahead and gossip.

填空题Their friendship came to an end as a result of ______. (judge)

填空题Directions: Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 6-10, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(6-10), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet, do not mark any letter twice. A. depend on each other B. nature C. risks D. each other E. mountaineering F. rules G. climate and mountaining

填空题Part 4 Questions 26-45 ·Read the following passage and choose the best word for each space. ·For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet. Do you want to send an e-mail message to the White House? Good luck. In the past, (26) President Bush — or at least those assigned to read his mail — what was (27) your mind it was necessary only to sit down at a personal computer connected to the lnternet and (28) a note to president@ whitehouse.gov. But this week, Tom Matzzie, an online organizer with the A.F.L.-C.I.O., discovered that (29) with the White House had become a bit more (30) . When Mr. Matzzie sent an e-mail protesting (31) a Bush administration policy, the message was bounced back With an automated reply, saying he had to send it again in a new way. Under a system (32) on the White House Website (33) the first time last week, those who want to send a message to President Bush must now (34) as many as nine Web pages and (35) a detailed form that starts by asking whether the message sender supports White House policy (36) differs with it. The white House says the new e-mail system is an effort to be more responsive (37) the public and offer the administration "real time" access (38) citizen comments. Completing a message to the president also requires (39) a subject from the provided list, then entering a full name, organization, address and e-mail address. (40) the message is sent, the writer must wait for an automated response (41) his message, (42) whether the addressee intended to send the message. The message is delivered to the White House only after the person using that e-mail address (43) it. "Over (44) , it's a very cumbersome process," said Jakob Nielsen, an authority on Web design. "It's probably designed deliberately to (45) on their e-mail./