填空题Part 4 Questions 1-20 ·Read the following passage and choose the best word for each space. The need for a surgical operation, (26) an emergency operation, almost always comes as a (27) shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an (28) fear of hospitals. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery — cutting into a part of the body as (29) to treatment with drugs. In the early years of this century there was (30) specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable (31) almost every operation that had been (32) . up to that time. Today the (33) is different. Operations are now being carried (34) that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a (35) and satisfactory life. The (36) of surgery has increase (37) in this century. Its safety has increase, too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended (38) many directions. The hospital stay after surgery has been (39) to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after their operation (40) may be back at work in two or three weeks. Many developments in modern surgery are almost (41) . One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is (42) of organ transplants, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to transplant (43) from one person to another which will (44) for periods of a year or more. Heart and lung transplants have been reasonably successful in animals, (45) rejection problems in humans have yet to be solved.

填空题Questions 14-18 ·Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18, with a word or phrase from the list below. ·For each sentence (14-18), mark one letter (A-G) on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. professional and managerial employeesB. work staffC. human-resource managementD. work force skillsE. important postF. the improvement of worker's basic skillsG. more money should be invested

填空题Directions: Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 6-10, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(6-10), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. blacks are genetically inferior to whites B. blacks don't have the same opportunity for education as whites do C. the social and political implications of these two theories are profound D. biological based instincts are important in how we act E. the correct explanation of human behavior will take sides from both theories F. still, there is no satisfactory answer to it G. human behavior is determined mainly by their surroundings

填空题1. Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for men or women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, men's and women's roles were becoming less firmly fixed. 2. In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s developed a new force called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam. 3. In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns, industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on "overtime" work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods. 4. In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women's liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater number. Most of them still took traditional women's jobs such as public school teaching, nursing and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry and construction work. Women were asking for equal work. 5. Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these changes. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. Results of Feminist Movement B. Influence of counterculture in society C. The improvement of female's position D. Difficulty in adjusting to role changes E. Economic and social concern of people F. New role choices presented by counterculture G. Traditional division of male and female roles

填空题Read the following passage. Eight sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A~H the one which fits each gap. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A~H)on the Answer Sheet. Most people associate inflation with price increases on specific goods and services.【R1】______We must be careful to distinguish the phenomenon of inflation from price increases for specific goods. 【R2】______ Suppose you wanted to know the average price of fruit in the supermarket.【R3】______You might have some success, however, if you sought out the prices of apples, oranges, cherries, and peaches. Knowing the price of each kind of fruit, you could then compute the average price of fruit. The resultant figure would not refer to any particular product, but would convey a sense of how much a typical basket of fruit might cost.【R4】______On occasion, you might even notice that apple prices rose while orange prices fell, leaving the average price of fruit unchanged. The same kinds of calculations are made to measure inflation in the entire economy. We first determine the average price of all output—the average price level—then look for changes in that average. 【R5】______ The average price level may fall as well as rise.【R6】______The deflation occurs when price decreases on some goods and services outweigh price increases on all others. 【R7】______We already noted, for example, that the price of apples can rise without increasing the average price of fruit, so long as the price of some other fruit(e.g. oranges)falls.【R8】______An increasing in the relative price of apples, for example, simply means that apples have become more expensive in comparison with other fruits(or any other goods or services).A. Because inflation and deflation are measured in terms of average price levels, it is possible for individual prices to rise or fall continuously without changing the average price level.B. A decline in average price is called deflation.C. A rise in the average price level is referred to as inflation.D. In such circumstances, relative prices are changing, but not average prices.E. The economy is not necessarily experiencing an inflation, however, every time the price of a cup of coffee goes up.F. Surely you would not have much success in seeking out an average fruit — nobody would be quite sure what you had in mind.G. Inflation is an increase in the average level of prices, not a change in any specific price.H. By repeating these calculations every day, you could then determine whether fruit prices, on average, were changing.

填空题Read the following article and answer questions 9-18 on the next page. Five Painful Facts You Need to Know 0. First of all, let's set the record straight: Pain is normal. About 75 million U.S. residents endure chronic or recurrent pain. So what is pain and why do so many suffer so long? Pain is felt when electrical signals are sent from nerve endings to your brain, which in turn can release painkillers called endorphins and generate reactions that range from instant and physical to long-term and emotional. Beyond that, scientific understanding gets painfully fuzzy. Here's what's known: 1. When you're in pain, you know it. But if scientists could fully grasp how pain works and why, they might be able to help you more. The American Academy of Pain Medicine defines pain as "an unpleasant sensation and emotional response to that sensation." Some pain is the result of an obvious injury. Other times, it is caused by damaged nerves that are not so easy to pinpoint. "Pain is complex and defies our ability to establish a clear definition," says Kathryn Weiner, director of the American Academy of Pain Management. "Pain is far more than neural transmission and sensory transduction. Pain is a complex mixture of emotions, culture, experience, spirit and sensation." 2. If you have chronic pain, you know how demoralizing and debilitating it can be, physically and mentally. It can prevent you from doing things and make you irritable for reasons nobody else understands. But that's only half the story. People with chronic backaches have brains as much as 11 percent smaller than those of non-sufferers, scientists reported in 2004. They don't know why. "It is possible it's just the stress of having to live with the condition," said study leader A. Vania Apkarian of Northwestern University. "The neurons become overactive or tired of the activity." 3. It may not eliminate the phrase "Not tonight, honey ..." but a 2006 study found that migraine sufferers had levels of sexual desire 20 percent higher than those suffering from tension headaches. The finding suggests sexual desire and migraines might be influenced by the same brain chemical, and getting a better handle on the link could lead to better treatments, at least for the pain portion of the equation. 4. Any man who has watched a woman having a baby without using drugs would swear that women can tolerate anything. But the truth is, it hurts more than you can imagine. Women have more nerve receptors than men. As an example, women have 34 nerve fibers per square centimeter of facial skin, while men average just 17. And in a 2005 study, women were found to report more pain throughout their lifetimes and, compared to men, they feel pain in more areas of their body and for longer durations. 5. Animal research could offer clues to eventually relieve human suffering. Take the naked mole rat, a hairless and nearly blind subterranean creature. A study this year found it feels neither the pain of acid nor the sting of chili peppers. If researchers can figure out why, they might be on the road to new sorts of painkilling therapies for humans. In 2006, scientists found a pathway for the transmission of chronic pain in rats that they hope will translate into better understanding of human chronic pain. Lobsters feel no pain, even when boiled, scientists said in a 2005 report that is just one more salvo in a long-running debate. Questions9-13(10 marks) For questions 9-13, choose from the list A-G which best summarizes each part of the article. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet Do not mark any letter twice. A. Women feel more pain B. Chronic pain is common C. Chronic pain shrinks brains D. Migraines and sex go together E. Pain brings about more stress F. Scientists don't understand pain fully G. Animal research may relieve human pain

填空题The exciting football match will be televised ______ to the whole world. (live)

填空题The single, decisive factor that made it possible for mankind to settle in permanent communities was agriculture.【R1】______Once people could control the production of food and be assured of a reliable annual supply of it, their lives changed completely. Farming was a revolutionary discovery.【R2】______With more food available, more people could be fed. Populations therefore increased. The growing number of people available for more kinds of work led to the development of more complex social structures. 【R3】______ Farming the world over has always relied upon a dependable water supply. For the earliest societies this meant rivers and streams or regular rainfall.【R4】______Later communities were able to develop by taking advantage of the rainy seasons. All of the ancient civilizations probably developed in much the same way, in spite of regional and climatic differences.【R5】______Heavier pottery replaced animal-skin gourds as containers for food and liquids. Cloth could be woven from wool and flax. Permanent structures made of wood, brick, and stone could be erected. The science of mathematics was an early outgrowth of agriculture. People studied the movements of the moon, the sun, and planets to calculate seasons.【R6】______With a calendar it was possible to calculate the arrival of each growing season. Measurement of land areas was necessary if property was to be a factor in farming and housekeeping. 【R7】______All of the major ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China emerged in the 4th millennium BC. Historians still debate over which one emerged first. It may well have been the Middle East, in an area called the Fertile Crescent. This region stretches from the Nile River in Egypt northward along the coast of former Palestine, then eastward into Asia to include Mesopotamia.【R8】______This kind of farming depended on the reproduction of seed, normally from grain crops. A. It not only made settlements possible and ultimately the building of cities but it also made reliable food supply. B. Later came measures of value as commodity and money exchange became common. C. In this area people settled along the riverbanks and practiced field agriculture. D. After farming was developed in the Middle East in about 6500 BC, people living in tribes or family units did not have to be on the move continually searching for food or herding their animals. E. As villages grew, the accumulation of more numerous and substantial goods became possible. F. With a food surplus, a community could support a variety of workers who were not farmers. G The first great civilizations grow up along rivers. H. In doing so they created the first calendars.

填空题MESSAGEFor attendants from our【L5】, there will be a【L6】______% discount on their conference registration fee, which covers lunches, dinners, tea,【L7】______refreshments and conference materials except【L8】______and transportation.

填空题CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8)Jeff has lived in New York for【L5】______years.Jeff doesn't like【L6】______,【L7】______and【L8】______of New York.

填空题Facial expressions carry meaning, determined by contexts and relationships. 【R1】______A woman's smile at a policeman who is about to give her a ticket does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show affection, convey politeness, or disguise true feelings. Pain is conveyed by a grimace, which also signifies disgust or disapproval. Surprise, shock, or disbelief can be shown by raising the eyebrows. A wink given to a friend may mean "you and I have a secret" or "I am just kidding".【R2】______Our faces easily reveal emotions and attitudes. 【R3】______The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as members of another does not mean they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural restraints on the amount of nonverbal expressiveness permitted. Given individual differences, it is difficult to make generalizations about a cultural style of communication.【R4】______People from certain ethnic backgrounds in the United States may use their hands, bodies, and faces more than other Americans. There are no fixed rules, although it is considered negative or suspicious to have a "deadpan" expression or a "Poker face".【R5】______ Eye contact is important because insufficient or excessive eye contact may create communication barriers. It is important in relationships because it serves to show intimacy, attention, and influence.【R6】______It is, however, common for two strangers to walk toward each other, make eye contact, smile and perhaps even say "Hi".【R7】______This type of glance does not mean much; it is simply a way of acknowledging another person's presence. In a conversation too little eye contact may be seen negatively because it conveys lack of interest, inattention, or even mistrust. 【R8】______ A. Americans express themselves facially in varying degrees. B. Between a man and a woman, a wink can be flirtatious. C. The degree of facial expressiveness also varies among individuals and cultures. D. Some people can be "read like a book"; others are difficult to read. E. For instance, the smile, which is typically an expression of pleasure, has many functions. F. As with facial expressions, there are no specific rules governing eye behavior except that it is considered rude to stare, especially at strangers. G. The relationship between mistrust and lack of eye contact is stated directly in the expression, "Never trust a person who can't look you in the eye." H. The strangers may immediately look away and forget that they even had any contact.

填空题Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(A-G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. substantial damage B. as different C. the terrorist attacks D. the city's economy E. the rest of the nation F. clearly avoidable G. easily noticeable

填空题Questions 14-18 ·Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18, with a word or phrase from the list below. ·For each sentence (14-18), mark one letter (A-G) on the Answer Sheet. ·Do not mark any letter twice.A. $150B. safeC. agreementsD. drivers who can't drive on because of the flat tireE. a flat tireF. provide a kind of temporary support to the flat tireG. more than $150

填空题Read the following article and answer questions 9-18 on the next page. Five Painful Facts You Need to Know0. First of all, let's set the record straight: Pain is normal. About 75 million U.S. residents endure chronic or recurrent pain. So what is pain and why do so many suffer so long? Pain is felt when electrical signals are sent from nerve endings to your brain, which in turn can release painkillers called endorphins and generate reactions that range from instant and physical to long-term and emotional. Beyond that, scientific understanding gets painfully fuzzy. Here's what's known:1. When you're in pain, you know it. But if scientists could fully grasp how pain works and why, they might be able to help you more. The American Academy of Pain Medicine defines pain as "an unpleasant sensation and emotional response to that sensation." Some pain is the result of an obvious injury. Other times, it is caused by damaged nerves that are not so easy to pinpoint. "Pain is complex and defies our ability to establish a clear definition," says Kathryn Weiner, director of the American Academy of Pain Management. "Pain is far more than neural transmission and sensory transduction. Pain is a complex mixture of emotions, culture, experience, spirit and sensation."2. If you have chronic pain, you know how demoralizing and debilitating it can be, physically and mentally. It can prevent you from doing things and make you irritable for reasons nobody else understands. But that's only half the story. People with chronic backaches have brains as much as 11 percent smaller than those of non-sufferers, scientists reported in 2004. They don't know why. "It is possible it's just the stress of having to live with the condition," said study leader A. Vania Apkarian of Northwestern University. "The neurons become overactive or tired of the activity."3. It may not eliminate the phrase "Not tonight, honey ..." but a 2006 study found that migraine sufferers had levels of sexual desire 20 percent higher than those suffering from tension headaches. The finding suggests sexual desire and migraines might be influenced by the same brain chemical, and getting a better handle on the link could lead to better treatments, at least for the pain portion of the equation.4. Any man who has watched a woman having a baby without using drugs would swear that women can tolerate anything. But the truth is, it hurts more than you can imagine. Women have more nerve receptors than men. As an example, women have 34 nerve fibers per square centimeter of facial skin, while men average just 17. And in a 2005 study, women were found to report more pain throughout their lifetimes and, compared to men, they feel pain in more areas of their body and for longer durations.5. Animal research could offer clues to eventually relieve human suffering. Take the naked mole rat, a hairless and nearly blind subterranean creature. A study this year found it feels neither the pain of acid nor the sting of chili peppers. If researchers can figure out why, they might be on the road to new sorts of painkilling therapies for humans. In 2006, scientists found a pathway for the transmission of chronic pain in rats that they hope will translate into better understanding of human chronic pain. Lobsters feel no pain, even when boiled, scientists said in a 2005 report that is just one more salvo in a long-running debate.Questions9-13(10 marks) For questions 9-13, choose from the list A~G which best summarizes each part of the article. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A~G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. Women feel more painB. Chronic pain is commonC. Chronic pain shrinks brainsD. Migraines and sex go togetherE. Pain brings about more stressF. Scientists don't understand pain fullyG Animal research may relieve human pain

填空题Have you ever imagined being a king, dreamed of going back to ancient times and being a kungfu master or wished to travel to outer space armed with the most advanced weapons?【R1】______You could be a military commander, an angel or a superman. You could even have the power to control the world and beat off invaders as a hero. If you are still standing around and hesitating to make the move, you are really lagging behind the rest of the world.【R2】______The World of Cyber Games(WCG)now seems like a trend that can't be stopped. And, hardcore gamers have begun to warm up and take action as the Samsung WCG 2003 draws closer. 【R3】______And many Chinese computer users complain that their Internet speed is relatively slow when gamers try to go online. But despite all these, their passion for games does not seem to have been affected. 【R4】______According to statistics from the organizers of WCG 2003 China, there are 12 million online gamers registered in China. And analysts predict that the number will reach 80 million by the end of 2003. So, are you ready to join in the fun? "I don't know which one to play," you may say. Not to worry.【R5】______There are so many kinds of games for you to choose from, including action, strategy, fighting and sports games. Visiting portal websites such as www.sina.com and www.163.com, and you can easily subscribe to a whole load of online games. 【R6】______Some of these computer games can actually sharpen your mind. Others can improve your organizational and analytical skills. And multi-player games can increase your team spirit. 【R7】______ Computer gamers say that the positive side of their hobby always outweighs the negative. "Computer games damage your eyes and encourage violent behaviour. Many people, including my parents, don't like me to play them," said Zhang Xin, a second year student at Shanghai University who has been playing for more than three years. "But I like them so much that I'm even considering working for a gaming company after graduation."【R8】______How about that? A. It doesn't matter whether you're male or female, young or old. B. So, games can increase your job prospects! C. They are not just entertainment. D. As computers become an absolute necessity in people's everyday lives, computer games began being key entertainment. E. There is a much shorter history of computer gaming in China than in most Western countries. F. They may even bring you lots of new friends. G. Well, now you can simply enter cyberspace and choose your character. H. China now has one of the world's largest gamer populations.

填空题Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A-H)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Ice Cream Tester Has a Sweet Job John Harrison has what must be the most wanted job in America. He's the official taster for Edys Grand Ice Cream, one of the nation's best-selling brands. His taste buds are insured for $1 million. He gets to sample 60 ice creams a day at Edys headquarters in Oakland, California. 【R1】______ But the life of an ice cream taster, I realized after I met him last week, isn't all Cookies n' Cream — a flavor which Harrison invented, by the way. 【R2】______ For one thing, he doesn't swallow on the job. Like a coffee taster, Harrison spits. Using a gold spoon to avoid "off" flavors, he takes a smallish bite, swishes it around to introduce it to all 9,000 or so taste buds, smack-smack-smacks his lips to aerate the sample, and then gently inhales to bring the aroma up through the back of his nose. 【R3】______ Then, no matter how heavenly it is, he deposits it into a trash can. 【R4】______ During the workweek, other sacrifices must be made: no onions, garlic or cayenne pepper; and no caffeine. 【R5】______ But it's all a small price to pay for what he calls the world's best job. 【R6】______ Yet, he has never lost his love for its cold, creamy sweetness.【R7】______On these occasions, he swallows, consuming about a quart weekly. Americans eat 23.2 quarts person of ice cream and other frozen diary products annually.【R8】______Vanilla, the best-selling variety. You should never call it plain vanilla. It's a very complex flavor, he says. The night after we met, I had a plain salad for dinner and sadly thought about my future. I have to either do what Harrison does — learn to spit instead of swallow — or start interviewing more celery growers. A. Caffeine will block the taste buds, he says, so breakfast is a cup of herbal tea. B. With each step, he's evaluating whether the ice cream conveys a harmonious balance of dairy, sweetness and added ingredients — the three flavor components of ice cream. C. What flavor does the best-trained ice-cream palate in America prefer? D. And when he isn't doing that, he travels, buying Edys in supermarkets all over the country so that he can spot check for perfect appearance, texture and flavor. E. He even orders it in restaurants for dessert. F. A full stomach makes for a dull palate. G. No, it's rigorous work, requiring discipline and selflessness. H. His family has been in the ice cream business in one way or another for four generations, so Harrison has spent his entire life with it.

填空题CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8) MESSAGE Problem: There was a【L5】______problem. Mr. Franks' company hasn't received the shipment of earrings that was supposed to arrive last【L6】______The shipment was delayed from 【L7】______. Meeting: At【L8】______Friday morning.

填空题Questions9-13·Youwillhearfiveconversationstakingplaceinrestaurantsandthecustomersarecomplainingaboutsomething.·Beforeyoulisten,readthelistofstatements,fiveofwhicharesummariesofhowtheseproblemsaresolved.·Thenlistencarefullyandmatchthestatements(A-F)withtheconversationsthatareaboutthem(9-13)respectively.·Thereisoneextrastatementthatyoudon'tneedtouse.Youwillhearthepassagetwice.A.itissuggestedthatshechangeherordertosomesirloinbecauseitistender.B.Sheisaskedtosendinthebillifshelikestohaveitcleaned.C.Theheadwaitergoestofetchsomecleanonesimmediately.D.Heofferstospongeitwithalittlewarmwater.E.Heisadvisedtochooseanotherwineinstead.F.Theheadwaiterwilldealwithithimsel

填空题The man listened to reports of approaching hurricane with mounting ______. (anxious)

填空题1. Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encourage interaction. Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work. Today's corporations hire human engineering specialists and spend a considerable amount of time and money to make sure that the physical environments of buildings are fit for the activities of their inhabitants. 2. Similarly, college classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking. We may be approaching the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years. Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates. The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious: everything of importance comes from the teacher. 3. With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to the floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourages interchange among students. In small or standardized classes, chairs, desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways: circles, U-shapes, or semicircles. The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else. Larger classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility. 4. Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises. Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem. Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six. Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how other students' thinking processes operate — all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking. 5. In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the same small groups throughout the course. A colleague of mine allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with. He then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on. This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students' names and faces. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. Shortage of the arrangement of present college classroom space B. Proper way of arranging classroom space C. The importance of discussion D. Traditional way of classroom arrangement E. Importance of proper arrangement of classroom space F. Advantage of breaking a class into small groups G. Necessity of having fixed groups