问答题 BOYCOTTS Boycotts are a form of nonviolent protest, the practice of applying power to achieve sociopolitical goals, without the use of physical force. People who participate in a boycott refuse to buy, sell, or otherwise trade with an individual or business that they believe to be doing something morally wrong. The purpose of a boycott is to call attention to a wrong and to punish those responsible for the wrong. Usually, the punishment is economic, but sometimes it brings shame to the offenders. When a boycott is long-term and widespread, it can be a factor in causing social change. Now cover the passage and listen to the lecture. You may take notes, and you may use your notes to help you answer the question. After you hear the question, begin preparing your response. You may look at the question, but NOT at the passage. You have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak. Explain boycotts and how the examples given by the professor illustrate the concept.

问答题Directions: Read the question below. You have 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay. Typically, an effective response will contain a minimum of 300 words. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment—doing things they like to do—rather than doing things they should do. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

问答题Animal Communication Briefly, animal communication is any behavior on the part of one animal that has an effect on the current or future behavior of another animal. The most obvious form of communication is vocalization. It plays an essential role in many tasks, from mating rituals to warning of danger; from conveying the location of food sources to social learning. Probably the most striking of these involves warning signals. The survival value of warning other species members of the presence of predators and facilitating their escape is obvious. They can also adopt different tactics to cope with the threat, for example gathering into a group to ward off attack. Question: Using information from the reading and the lecture, explain how meerkats vary their alarm signal when facing with the attacks from different predators. Now hear a talk on the same subject.

问答题 There are six questions in this section. For each question, you will be given a short time to prepare your response. When the preparation time is up, answer the question as completely as possible in the time indicated for that question. You should record your responses so that you can review them later and compare them with the answer key and scoring rubrics.

问答题Listenforaquestionaboutafamiliartopic.QuestionDescribeanidealmarriagepartner.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkaremostimportantforahusbandorwife?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoices.PreparationTime:15secondsPecordingTime:45seconds

问答题IntegratedWritingDirectionsForthistask,youwillfirsthavethreeminutestoreadapassageaboutanacademictopic.Youmaytakenotesonthepassageifyouwish.Thepassagewillthenberemovedandyouwilllistentoalectureaboutthesametopic.Whileyoulisten,youmayalsotakenotes.Thenyouwillhave20minutestowritearesponsetoaquestionthatasksyouabouttherelationshipbetweenthelectureyouheardandthereadingpassage.Trytoanswerthequestionascompletelyaspossibleusinginformationfromthereadingpassageandthelecture.Thequestiondoesnotaskyoutoexpressyourpersonalopinion.Youwillbeabletoseethereadingpassageagainwhenitistimeforyoutowrite.Youmayuseyournotestohelpyouanswerthequestion.Typically,aneffectiveresponsewillbe150to225wordslong.Yourresponsewillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwritingandonthecompletenessandaccuracyofthecontent.Ifyoufinishyourresponsebeforetimeisup,youmayClinkonNexttogoontothesecondwritingtask.Nowyouwillseethereadingpassageforthreeminutes.Rememberitwillbeavailabletoyouagainwhenyouwriteimmediatelyafterthereadingtimeends.Thelecturewillbegin,sokeepyourheadsetonuntilthelectureisover.Stereotypesaretypesofgeneralizationthatareusefulinorganizingthemassiveamountsofinformationtowhichpeopleareexposed.Aswithanygeneralization,theformationofstereotypesdownplaysthebehaviorofspecificindividualsandstressestrendsacrosslargenumbersofpeople.Aftermanyobservationsofdifferentindividuals,peoplefromallovertheworldarelikelytoseemoreaggressivebehaviorinmen,morenurturantbehaviorinwomen,moreassertionofleadershipamongmen,andmorepassivityamongwomeninmixed-gendergroups.Theseobservationsbecomepartoftheuniversalstereotypesofmenandwomen.Whendrawingtheirconclusionsaboutmenandwomen,observersdonotfocusonindividualdifferences.Theydonotfocustheirattentionontheindividualaggressivewomenorthepassivemen.Somefeministshaveresearchedgenderdifferences.Accordingtotheirstudies,thestereotypesofmenandwomenarenotjustattributabletobiologicaldifferencesbutalsotosocialreasons.Theirexplanationwaspresentedasfollows:oncemenaresocializedtoactinadominantmanner,theybecomecomfortablewiththeirpoweroverwomenanddevelopnormsthatkeepwomenininferiorpositions.Whentheyholdpower,theylearntoenjoyitandareunwillingtoletgoofit.Whenmenhavepower,theyoftendevelopbeliefsthathelptomaintainthepower.Toillustrate,peoplemaybemadetobelievethatmenarebetteratmakingtoughdecisions.Besides,theyalsodevelopotherbeliefsthatmakeitdifficultforwomentohavepower.Forexample,theymaymakepeoplebelievethatwomenarereallyhappierinhomemakerroles.Therefore,thesefeministsbelievethataswomendecidetomoveintorolesthatweretraditionallydeniedthem,thereisadecreaseinthenumberofsharpdistinctionsthatoncemarkedthebehaviorofmenandwomen.Nowlistentopartofalectureonthetopicyoujustreadabout.Question:Summarizethepointsmadeinthelectureyoujustheard,explaininghowthepointspresentedinthelectureillustratethepointsmadeinthereadingpassage.

问答题Briefly summarize the problem and two possible solutions. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.

问答题Pleaselistencarefully.Makingacomplaintinpersonorinwriting.

问答题Inthisquestion,youwilllistentoalecture.Thenyouwillbeaskedtosummarizeimportantinformationfromthelecture.Afterthequestion,youwillhave20secondstoprepareyourresponseand60secondstospeak.Nowlistentopartofatalkinabiologyclass.QuestionUsingpointsandexamplesfromthetalk,explainthefactorsthatcausebeaverstobuilddams.

问答题Inthisquestion,youwillreadashortpassageonanacademicsubject,listentoalectureonthesametopic,andthenspeakinresponsetoaquestionaboutwhatyouhavereadandheard.Afteryouhearthequestion,youhave30secondstoprepareyourresponseand60secondstospeak.

问答题Directions : You will now read a short passage and listen to a conversation on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, give yourself 30 seconds to prepare your response. Then record yourself speaking for 60 seconds. New Stadium A university official announced plans to spend $2 million to build a new athletic stadium, commenting that a new stadium would help the university achieve its goal of attracting more top students. The official also said that, additionally, building a new stadium would allow the university to strengthen its relationship with the town since a new and larger stadium would have the space to seat not only students, parents, and alumni, but members of the local community as well.

问答题 TRAINING COURSE FOR TUTORS Western University announces a new course in the practice of professional tutoring. The course combines a discussion class with practical experience in either the Math Center or the Writing Center. In the discussion class, students will explore tutoring theories, examine the role of the peer tutor, and develop effective tutoring practices. In their practical experience, students will observe peer tutoring and advance to supervised tutoring. Students who are considering graduate school in related fields will benefit from this course. Now cover the passage and listen to the conversation. You may take notes, and you may use your notes to help you answer the question. After you hear the question, begin preparing your response. You may look at the question, but NOT at the passage. You have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak. The woman expresses her opinion about the training course for tutors. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.

问答题"ExcusedAbsence"Readashortpassageandlistentoatalkonthesametopic.ReadingTime:45secondsPolicyforExcusedAbsenceYoumayrequestanexcusedabsenceoncepersemesterwithoutexplanation.Juste-mailmeandspecifythedatethatyouwillbeabsentfromclass.Ifyouplantobeabsentonthedayofatestoranexam,however,youmustprovideanexplanationandmakearrangementsforamakeuptestorexam.Pleaseseemeinmyofficeforanexcusedabsencefromatestorexam.Ifyoumustbeabsentformorethanonesession,yourgrademaybeaffected.Yourgrademaybeloweredoneletterforeachadditionalabsenceaftertheexcusedabsence.Nowlistentoastudentwhoistalkingwithfriendsaboutthepolicy.QuestionThestudentexpresseshisopinionoftheprofessor'spolicyforexcusedabsences.Reporthisopinionandexplainthereasonsthathegivesforhavingthatopinion.PreparationTime:30secondsRecordingTime:60seconds

问答题讲的是一个在美洲的土著民族迁徙的情况。教授说，远在1300年，有一个民族曾经在美洲四个国家生活过，后来离开了。人们在南美发现的古文明的遗址与历史记录中这个民族的建筑风格很相似，而且建筑时间都在1300年 之后，而这些证据可以用来帮助解开当时他们为什么离开原住地的疑问。以前人们怀疑是干旱导致他们的离开，但有人研究了房子周围树木的年轮，发现在他们搬走 之前，这些地方就已经经历了长时间的干旱，可为什么他们后来才搬走无法解释。另外，人们对这个名族的生产水平进行了研究，发现他们的农业生产一直处于良好 的状态，人口也没有太多变化，在当时农产品的产量应该可以足够养活当时的人口。因此，就猜测说是由于别的民族出于干旱而迁徙到了他们这里，导致了食物不足。

问答题Listenforaquestionaboutafamiliartopic.QuestionWhichcityintheworldwouldyouliketovisit?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.PreparationTime:15secondsRecordingTime:45seconds

问答题 In this question, you will read a short passage on an academic subject, listen to a lecture on the same topic， and then speak in response to a question about what you have read and heard. After you hear the question, you have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak. BEHAVIORISM Behaviorism is a school of psychology that explains behavior entirely in terms of observable responses to environmental conditions. Behaviorists think that the human traits of personality and character are not determined inside a person. Rather, these traits are the result of behavior patterns developed through environmental conditioning, a central idea in behaviorism. Behaviorists believe that if we understand specific behaviors and the environmental stimuli that cause them, we can learn how behavior occurs. Behaviorists believe that it is possible to determine the laws of behavior and to exercise control over behavior. Now cover the passage and listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin preparing your response.

问答题Do you think 16 year olds are responsible enough to drive? Please include specific details in your explanation.