多选题ANIMALSANDPLANTS1Wecandistinguishanimalsfromplantsbylookingattheircontrastingmodesofnutrition.Unlikeplants,animalscannotmanufacturetheirownfood.Animalscannotconstructorganicmoleculesfrominorganicchemicalsasplantscanduringphotosynthesis.Animalsmusttakepre-formedorganicmoleculesintotheirbodies.Mostanimalsdothisbyingestion--thatis,byeatingotherorganismsororganicmaterial.Animalsstoretheirfoodreservesasglycogen,whereasplantsstoretheirfoodasstarch.2Animalcellslackthecellwallsthatcharacterizeplantcells,andanimalcellshaveuniquetypesofjunctionsbetweenthem.Inmostanimals,cellsaresuccessivelyorganizedintotissues,organs,andorgansystems.Animalshavetwotypesoftissuesthatplantsdonothave.Thefirstisnervoustissue,fortheconductionofelectricalimpulses,andtheotherismuscletissue,formovement.Nervesandmuscles,whichcontrolactivebehavior,areuniquetoanimals.3AnimallifebeganinthePrecambrianseaswiththeevolutionofmulti-cellularformsthatlivedbyeatingotherorganisms.Thisnewwayoflifeledtoanevolutionaryexplosionofdiverseforms.Earlyanimalspopulatedtheseas,fleshwater,andeventuallytheland.ThediversityofanimallifeonEarthtodayistheresultofoverhalfabillionyearsofevolutionfromthosefirstancestorsthatconsumedotherlifeforms.3.Selecttheappropriatesentencesfromtheanswerchoicesandmatchthemtotheformoflifethattheydescribe.TWOoftheanswerchoiceswillNOTbeused.Thisquestionisworth4points.AnswerChoicesA.Theyarenotabletomanufacturetheirownfood.B.Theyconstructorganicmoleculesfrominorganicchemicals.C.Theyhavetheabilitytosurviveonanotherplanet.D.Nervesandmusclescontroltheiractivebehavior.E.Theyevolvedfrommulti-cellularformsthatateotherorganisms.F.Theystoretheirfoodreservesasstarch.G.Theyhaveevolvedverylittleoveronebillionyears.H.Theyhaveneithernervoustissuenormuscletissue.I.Theircellsdonothavewalls.

多选题CULTURALEVOLUTION1Thehistoryoflifeisthestoryofbiologicalevolutiononachangingplanet,andatnotimehaschangeeverbeenasrapidasintheageofhumans.Theevolutionofhumansandtheirculturehashadenormousconsequences,makinghumansanewforceinthehistoryoflife.2Culturalevolutionhasoccurredinstages,beginningwiththenomadswhohuntedandgatheredfoodontheAfricangrasslandstwomillionyearsago.Thesehunter-gatherersmadetools,organizedcommunalactivities,anddividedlabor.Nextcamethedevelopmentofagricultureinseveralpartsoftheworld10to15thousandyearsago.Agricultureledtopermanentsettlements,thefirstcities,andtradeamongsocieties.AnimportantculturalleapwastheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganintheeighteenthcentury.Sincethen,newtechnologyhasescalatedexponentially,andsohasthehumanimpactontheplanet.3Throughoutthisculturalevolution,fromsimplehunter-gathererstohigh-techsocieties,humanshavenotchangedmuchbiologically.Ourknowledgeisstorednotinourgenesbutintheproductofthousandsofyearsofhumanexperience.Culturalevolutionhasenabledustodefyourphysicallimitationsandshortcutbiologicalevolution.Wenolongerhavetowaittoadapttoourenvironmentthroughnaturalselection;wesimplychangetheenvironmenttomeetourneeds.Wearethedominantspeciesoflifeandbringenvironmentalchangewhereverwego.3.Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.A.Biologicalevolutionisthemostimportantforceinthehistoryoflife.B.Therehavebeenseveralstagesintheevolutionofhumanculture.C.Thedevelopmentofagriculture10to15thousandyearsagoresultedinpermanentsettlements,thefirstcities,andtrade.D.Humantechnologyhasadvancedrapidly,increasingthehumanroleinenvironmentalchange.E.Culturalevolutionhasallowedhumanstochangetheirenvironment,thusavoidingtheneedforbiologicalevolution.F.Humansarechangingtheworldfasterthanmanyotherspeciescanadapt.

多选题Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Thedefinitionofairpollutant.B.Thecausesofairpollution.C.Thedangersofairpollutants.D.Waystofightairpollution.

多选题 WORLD CLIMATIC PATTERNS 1 Climate is the general pattern of atmospheric conditions, seasonal variations, and weather extremes in a region over a period of decades. One major factor determining the uneven patterns of world climates is the variation in the amount of solar energy striking different parts of the earth. The amount of incoming solar energy reaching the earth's surface varies with latitude, the distance north or south from the equator. Air in the troposphere is heated more at the equator (zero latitude), where the sun is almost directly overhead, than at the high-latitude poles, where the sun is lower in the sky and strikes the earth at a low angle. 2 The large input of heat at and near the equator warms large masses of air. These warm masses rise and spread northward and southward, carrying heat from the equator toward the poles. At the poles, the warm air becomes cool and falls to the earth. These cool air masses then flow back toward the equator near ground level to fill the space left by rising warm air masses. This general air circulation pattern in the troposphere results in warm average temperatures near the equator, cold average temperatures near the poles, and moderate average temperatures at the middle latitudes. 3 The larger input of solar energy near the equator evaporates huge amounts of water from the earth's surface into the troposphere. As the warm, humid air rises, it cools rapidly and loses most of its moisture as rain near the equator. The abundant rainfall and the constant warm temperatures near the equator create the world's tropical rain forests. 4 Two major factors cause seasonal changes in climate. One is the earth's annual orbit around the sun; the other is the earth's daily rotation around its tilted axis, the imaginary line connecting the two poles. When the North Pole leans toward the sun, the sun's rays strike the Northern Hemisphere more directly per unit of area, bringing summer to the northern half of the earth. At the same time, the South Pole is tilted away from the sun; thus, winter conditions prevail throughout the Southern Hemisphere. As the earth makes its annual rotation around the sun, these conditions shift and cause a change of seasons. 5 As the earth spins around its axis, the general air circulation pattern between the equator and each pole breaks into three separate belts of moving air, or prevailing surface winds, which affect the distribution of precipitation over the earth.

多选题Civilization Before about 3500 BC, there were cultures, but not civilizations. Prehistoric men and women created societies, constructed houses, lived in villages, hunted and fished, farmed, made pottery, wove cloth and created languages. But unlike more advanced peoples, they did not build cities, read or write. Cities are the cornerstone of civilized life because with them came other civilizing elements, including differentiation of classes and employment, sophisticated religious and political systems, monumental architecture and the formation of states and empires. Historians usually begin the story of civilization with accounts of the world's first great writers and city-builders, the Sumerians. Because the Sumerians recorded ideas and sagas and listed the names of their rulers, we know more about them than about prehistoric peoples who left their legacy in stones, bones and pottery. With the ability to build cities and record thoughts came the ability to communicate ideas and innovations over vast reaches of time and space. Human beings—who had formerly taken hundreds of thousands of years to learn that a stone ax sharpened on both sides is more useful than an ax sharpened on one side—progressed rapidly from foot travel to horse drawn carts, and later from railways to airplanes. With these and thousands of other innovations, people came to live longer, more comfortable lives. Civilization also brought new ills to humanity. In the 20th century it brought nuclear warfare, global warming, and ozone depletion. More subtly, civilization removed human beings from regular encounters with the wonders of the natural world. Unlike people of modern civilizations, primitive people lived close to the sounds and smells of forest and grasslands. They looked at fire and the stars with awe and reverence. Civilization involves the ability to create a new political and cultural world. In the 19th century the American writer, philosopher and naturalist Henry David Thoreau noted that this artificial sphere separates humanity from primitive virtue. "Most of the luxuries", he argued, "and many of the so-called comforts of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevations of mankind." Thoreau believed that men and women should simplify their lives.(A) [■] To live well and happily usually doesn't mean to live very luxuriously, the material enjoyment and much expense can satisfy you to some extent, but to enjoy a simple life also can make you feel fine and comfortable, something in your mind or in your spiritual world can bring more or influence much on your life and your happiness value.(B) [■] They expressed this sense of regret in the story of Prometheus and Pandora. Contrary to the wishes of other gods, Prometheus brought to humanity the gifts of fire, art and science. The jealous gods were unwilling to allow men and women to enjoy such blessings without cost, and so they sent Pandora to the world with a box containing disease, sorrow and other evils.(C) [■] From then on, the world wasn't quiet or fortunate all the time, some people suffered from them and always got punished in one way or other. The people began to pay as well as they gain some achievement during the progress process. Human beings have viewed civilization as a mixed blessing. Civilized people have waged brutal wars, destroyed majestic forests and persecuted religious minorities.(D) [■] But civilizations have also achieved wonders. We cannot list with words all the achievements of the human beings with the help and development of civilization. The abilities of writing and reading can spread one kind of culture or invention to other places, and advanced science and technology have allowed human beings to enjoy much more convenient and interesting lives. With many inventions of modern life, many places where people could not reach before can be explored and developed by human beings and many new materials with very good properties can improve people's lives and help do many jobs which were thought very difficult or impossible before.

多选题SHAKESPEARE'SROMANCES1Shakespeare'slatecomedies--includingCymbeline,TheTempestandTheWinter'sTale--areclassifiedasromances.TheyarebasedonatraditionofromanticliteraturegoingbackatleasttoancientGreece,inwhichthecentralthemeofloveservesasthetriggerforextraordinaryadventures.Loveissubjectedtoabnormalstrains,ofteninvolvingseparation,jealousy,andotherelementsoftragedy.Therearealsofantasticjourneystoexoticlands,andabsurdcoincidencesandmistakenidentitiesthatcomplicatetheplot,buteverythingisresolvedinthetraditionalhappyendingofcomedy.2AllofShakespeare'sromancesshareanumberoftheseclassicalthemes,suchasthethemeofseparationandreunionoflovedones,particularlyfamilymembers.Daughtersareseparatedfromparents,andwivesfromhusbands,inCymbelineandTheWinter'sTale.SonsareseparatedfromfathersinTheWinter'sTaleandTheTempest.Therelatedideaofexilealsooccurs,withthebanishedcharacters--usuallyrulersorfuturerulers--restoredtotheirrightfulpositionattheendoftheplay.Thethemeofjealousyisprominent,withtheconclusionthatloverequirespatienceintimesofadversity.Thecharactersarefrequentlysubjectedtolongjourneys,manyinvolvingshipwrecks.Magicaldevelopmentsariseandsupernaturalbeingsappear,mostnotablyinTheTempest,inwhichtheleadingcharacterisasorcerer.4.Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.A.Themainthemeofloveprovidesthecharacterswithremarkableadventuresinstrangelands.B.Theromancesinvolvemanyelementsoftragedybuthavethetraditionalhappyendingofcomedy.C.Shakespeare'sromancesarelesswellknownthanhiscomedies,tragedies,andhistoryplays.D.Cymbeline,TheTempestandTheWinter'sTaleareexamplesofShakespeare'sromances.E.Inmanyoftheplays,loveissubjectedtojealousyandseparationbutultimatelytoresolutionandreunion.F.Theromancesoftenfeatureshipwrecksthatseparatecharacters.

多选题Whatisthediscussionmainlyabout?A.Thecharacteristicsofforces.B.Thenameofvariousforces.C.Thetwocategoriesofforces.D.Thediagramsofforces.

多选题Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

多选题1.COMMERCIALARCHITECTUREOFTHENINETEENTHCENTURY1ArcadeswerebuiltinParisasearlyas1799andinLondonin1816,butthesewereprimarilyarchedpassagesthroughbuildingstoconnectinstitutions.Americanarcades,bycontmst,werenotjustpassagestosomeotherdestinationbuttheentirefocusoflargecommercialblocks,andwere,ineffect,prototypicalshoppingmalls.TheProvidenceArcade(1829)inRhodeIsland'scapitalillustmtestheAmericantmnsformationofthearcadeintoatempleofshopping.TheArcade'spitchedglassroofshelteredalargeopenspacesurroundedbytieredshops.TheArcadewassetattheedgeofProvidence'sbusinessdistrict,makingitafocalpointforfuturegrowth.Onthetwostreetsides,sixhugegmnitecolumnsmodeledonaGreektempledominatedthebuilding'sfacades.2Nineteenth-centuryurbanAmericansflockedtoanotherancestorofthecontemporaryshoppingmall,thedepartmentstore,acontrolledindoorworldwhereanarmyofgoodswereorganizedunderasinglemanagement.TheoriginsofthedepartmentstorewereinCincinnati,wherein1829,anewkindofbuildingwasdedicatedtotmde,business,andculture.Thisbuilding,calledtheBazaar,featuredafour-storyrotundabeneathahugedomethatmeanttounitemultiplefunctionsunderonesymbolicroof.Unfortunately,however,theBazaarwasshort-lived.AmoresuccessfulcommercialandarchitectumlprototypewasthedepartmentstoreknownastheMarblePalace,whichopenedinNewYorkin1846.Monumentalinstyle,thebuilding'simpressivefacadeofCorinthiancolumns,withlargeplateglassdisplaywindowsbetweenthem,easilyluredinthecity'swealthycustomers.1.Selecttheappropriatesentencesfromtheanswerchoicesandmatchthemtothetypeofbuildingthattheydescribe.TWOoftheanswerchoiceswillNOTbeused.Thisquestionisworth3points.AnswerChoicesA.Itisapassageunderorthroughabuildingtoconnectstreets.B.Aglassroofenclosesanarealinedwithverticalrowsofshops.C.Awidevarietyofgoodsareorganizedunderonemanagement.D.Itisdesignedtobetheentirefocusofalargecommercialblock.E.Theearliestexamplehadafour-storyrotundaunderalargedome.F.Itspecializesinsellingasinglecategoryofhigh-qualitygoods.G.Itslargedisplaywindowsaredesignedtoattractcustomers.ABCDEFGBDArcade:TheArcade'spitchedglassroofshelteredalargeopenspacesurroundedbytieredshops;...theentirefocusoflargecommercialblocksC,E,GDepartmentstore:...anarrayofgoodswereorganizedunderasinglemanagement;Theoriginsofthedepartmentstore...in1829,anewkindofbuilding...featuredafour-storyrotundabeneathahugedome...;...largeplateglassdisplaywindows..,easilyluredinthecity'swealthycustomers.Answer(A)isinaccurate;answer(F)isnotmentioned.

填空题Fred Smith 1 [■] At the turn of the century, the American economy shifted from its reliance on bulk manufacturing to a more service-based domain and lightweight high technology products. 2 [■] The period when manufactured goods were produced by semi-skilled workers in factories located not far from the raw materials that were transported by rail, truck, and canal was drawing to a close. 3 [■] Highly trained scientists and technicians were developing products based upon electronic devices rather than tons of brute steel. 4 [■] 1 [■] This new era allowed for the dispersal of manufacturing facilities and company headquarters. 2 [■] With this freedom of location came the problem of transferring information and goods to scattered places. 3 [■] Some items could be delivered electronically, but discs, paper, tapes and the like posed some serious logistical problems. 4 [■] Heralded as one of the great entrepreneurial figures of recent times, Fred Smith took astonishing risks to fulfill his vision and go against the United States Postal Service. For us, who live in a changing context of transportation and communication, his actions seem less precipitous and rash than to his contemporaries. But the Federal Express story should serve as a reminder that many of the best entrepreneurs are just as skilled at judging, controlling and minimizing risks as they are in taking them. With much of Smith"s family in the transportation industry, he used part of the profits from selling his inherited father"s restaurants to serve as venture capital. 1 [■] Though he did well in school, his interest focused on extra curricular activities, including starting a record label at age 15 that still exists today. 2 [■] At Yale, he enrolled with the Marine Corp Reserve Officers Training Program and the Flying Club. 3 [■] He focuses his thesis on discussing the need for moving high priority, time-sensitive material in a more efficient manner. 4 [■] Aware that few packages were sent directly to their destination by existing carriers, Smith proposed to have them shipped from one city to the next on different airlines to their final destination. Smith"s professor, citing problems with federal regulations and competition from larger airlines that would preclude any chance of such a firm being successful, gave the paper a C. After dropping out of college, Smith turned a faltering airplane engine repair business into a stable business. 1 [■] It was from there that he began his dream of sending packages overnight in the formation of Federal Express. 2 [■] By studying where the traffic of priority items was headed, Smith was able to construct a service that answered the complaints that many businesses had with existing services. 3 [■] He initiated a postal service, which guaranteed the secure delivery of any items within a minimum of 3 days. 4 [■] Smith contacted airline carriers and offered them a percentage of the fees he charged so that he may be able to ship his items on their planes via the fastest route possible. Today, the FedEx, as the company is termed, is synonymous with speedy delivery. It is one of the most lucrative and fastest growing businesses in the world. It boasts headquarters in virtually any location on the globe, while its employees are respected for their courtesy and efficiency and dealing with customers. Glossary electronic: implemented on a computer or computer network entrepreneur: a person who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk for a business venture extra-curricular: being outside the regular curriculum of a school or college carrier: one that transports or conveys

填空题QUESTION 1 For this task, you will write a response to a question about a reading passage and a lecture. You may take notes, and you may use your notes to help you write your response. Your response will be scored on the quality of your writing and on how well you connect the points in the lecture with points in the reading. Typically, an effective response will have 150 to 225 words. Research shows that some foods are endowed with super powers that provide protection against disease. By making these superpower foods part of your regular diet, you can stop the gradual changes in your body that lead to Alzheimer"s disease, cancer, and high cholesterol. Studies on blueberries show that they have a positive effect on brain function and motor movement in aging rats. Blueberries also appear to prevent mental decline in mice that are genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer"s disease. Blueberries are an excellent source of antioxidants, nutrients that neutralize the products of metabolism before they can harm brain cells. Researchers believe that blueberries protect the brain through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory power. Just one cup of blueberries every day will reduce aging-related damage in your brain. Other superpower foods are tomatoes and tomato-based products, which are the major source of many carotenoids including lycopene. Research shows that lycopene, the red pigment in tomatoes, will lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Studies also show that the antioxidants in broccoli and cabbage will help prevent colon cancer. Perhaps the most powerful superpower food is garlic, which has numerous health benefits. Studies show that garlic is the natural enemy of high cholesterol and cancer. Eating foods with garlic or taking garlic supplements will reduce LDL blood cholesterol and promote healthy blood circulation. Garlic contains germanium, an anti-cancer agent. In one study, mice that were fed garlic showed no cancer development, whereas mice that were not fed garlic showed at least some cancer activity. Now listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin your response. You may look at the reading passage during the writing time. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage. QUESTION 2 For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state and support your opinion on a topic. Your essay will be scored on the quality of your writing, including how well you organize and develop your ideas and how well you use language to express your ideas. Typically, an effective essay will have a minimum of 300 words. Read the question below and make any notes that will help you plan your response. Then begin typing your essay. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should require all young adults to perform some kind of national service, such as military service or social work. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

填空题Marijuana Marijuana that comes from the hemp plant "cannabis sativa" has been used for a variety of purposes since ancient times. Actually, hemp is one of the world"s most important resources, and has many industrial applications, including as a textile, fuel, or construction product, as well as an ingredient in the furniture, cosmetics, energy and food industry. 1 [■] Most well-known are its uses to cure cancer patients and to provide relief for those who suffer from asthma. 2 [■] In the 19th Century, scientists began to investigate its properties, and in 1839 its use as an analgesic and anticonvulsing agent was recorded in medical journals. 3 [■] Marijuana was thought effective in treating a wide range of physical and mental ailments, but interest in its use as medicine waned in the 20th Century with the advent of more modern medicines. 4 [■] The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 rendered marijuana illegal, and in 1941 it was deleted from the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, the official compendium of drugs. 1 [■] In addition the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) of 1970 classified marijuana as one of the most dangerous drugs and banned it from being legally cultivated in the United States. 2 [■] Drugs which have a high potential for abuse are classified as Schedule-1 drugs and cannot be used for medical purposes. 3 [■] Marijuana, heroin, opiates and hallucinogenics belong to this drug group. 4 [■] There is widespread debate in the United States today as to whether marijuana should be legalized or not. 1 [■] Supporters of legalization maintain that marijuana is effective as a pain reliever for certain conditions and is particularly helpful for those who suffer from glaucoma. 2 [■] Those in favor of legalization suggest that .just as we would not deny a sick person aspirin, we should not deny marijuana to those who need it. 3 [■] Marijuana supporters point to the association of alcohol with drunk driving, domestic abuse, and addiction. 4[■] They note that marijuana use does not produce any of these behaviors and for this reason it is hypocritical to outlaw marijuana, but not alcohol. While there is considerable support for legalization, the majority of the American public is opposed to the legalization of marijuana. 1 [■] One such effect would be loss of memory and motivation, as well as loss of motor control while driving under the influence of marijuana or performing other activities requiring concentration and coordination. 2 [■] Opponents of legalization also suggest that marijuana is a gateway drug. 3 [■] This is because marijuana users who look for a more intense high may move on to harder drugs such as cocaine and heroine. 4 [■] For now, marijuana is not legal in most parts of the globe. Yet a prolific underground marijuana culture is flourishing. In many ports and big cities, marijuana dealers openly sell their wares at street corners, and police forces have trouble reigning them in. Numerous marijuana growers have been busted in what seemed quiet neighborhoods. But the illicit profits from the production and selling of the grass outweigh the risks, and many criminals still traffic with marijuana. 1 [■] It is unlikely in the foreseeable future that marijuana will be fully legalized in the U.S. 2 [■] In 1996, voters in both California and Arizona agreed to a bill for marijuana to be legalized for such medical purposes. It means that doctors and patients will be protected from criminal prosecution when marijuana is prescribed for serious conditions. 3 [■] Other states, such as Alaska, have not legalized the drug, but have decriminalized it such that possession of small amounts is only a minor offense that does not carry a police record. 4[■] 1 [■] Thus, many foreign groups support its legalization both in the States and other areas of the world. 2 [■] Despite its usefulness for medical treatment and supports from many groups, however, the political and legal controversies surrounding its status as an illegal substance, as well as concerns about the drug"s potential harmful side effects have become obstacles to its legalization. 3 [■] Everyone has his own opinion on marijuana and its legalization, so it will continue to be discussed until an answer is given. 4 [■] Glossary cannabis sativa: a strong-smelling plant from whose dried leaves a number of euphoriant and hallucinogenic drugs are prepared anticonvulsant: drug that prevents or relieves convulsions hallucinogenics: a substance that induces hallucination glaucoma: a disease of the eye marked by increased pressure within the eyeball that can result in damage to the optic disk and gradual loss of vision decriminalize: to reduce or abolish criminal penalties

填空题Lookatthefoursquares,,,,and,whichindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?CoursesincludedFarEastern,Spanish,andNativeAmericandancesaswellasbasicballet.AmongthemoderndanceinnovatorsoftheearlytwentiethcenturywasRuthSt.Denis,whosedanceswerelushandgraceful,tingedwithexoticismandmysticism.St.Deniswasparticularlyexpertinthemanipulationofdraperiesandveilssothatthemovingfabricsseemedlikemagicalextensionsofherownbody.St.Denis's1914marriagetodancer-choreographerTedShawnresultedinaweddingofnames,Denishawn,whichfirstbecameaschoolandthenadancecompany.Denishawndrewitsinspirationandderiveditscurriculumfromavarietyofethnicsources.ThetouringDenishawncompanymightofferonasingleprogramaHindudance,arhythmicinterpretationofconcertmusic,aromanticduet,ahula,andademonstrationofthelatestballroomcraze.

填空题EnergyfromNaturalGas1.Muchoftheworldgetsitsenergyfromfossilfuelsources,includingcoal,oil,andnaturalgas,allofwhichwerecreatedmillionsofyearsago.Theprocessbeganwithdeadplantandanimalmatterthatcollectedandovertimewasburieddeepwithintheearth.There,exposedtoextremepressureandtemperatures,thecarbon-basedmaterialunderwentvariouschemicalandphysicalchanges.Someofitbecamecoal,someoil,andsomenaturalgas,dependingontheexactconditionsitwassubjectedto.2.Naturalgasisbothinvisibleandodorless.Duringthefirstcenturyofthefossilfuelera,itwasdisregardedasaworthlessbyproductofcoalandoil.However,peoplelaterdiscoveredthatitcouldalsobeausefulsourceofenergy,andtheysetabouttryingto{{U}}realizeitspotential.{{/U}}Itsusebegantogrowinthetwentiethcenturyandhasincreasedrapidlywithinthelast40years.Nowadays,naturalgasisemployedallovertheworldtoheathomes,generateelectricity,powerfactories,andevenfuelvehicles.3.Becauseitwascreatedthroughthesameprocessasotherfossilfuels,naturalgascanoftenberetrievedfromoilfields,somethingknownasanassociatedsource.Coalbedshavesimilarlybeenknowntoyieldnaturalgas.Inaddition,thereareisolateddepositscontainingonlygasthatarereferredtoasnon-associatedsources.Toaccessasubterraneannaturalgaspocket,aholeisdrilleddownintoit,justasinoilextraction.However,duetothegas'slightness,itwillrisetothesurfaceonitsowninsteadofhavingtobepumpedout.4.Thecompoundweknowasnaturalgasisactuallya{{U}}composite{{/U}}ofseveraldifferentsubstances,theprimaryonebeingmethanegas.Eachdeposithasauniquemakeup,butothercommoncomponentsofnaturalgasincludepropane,butane,andsulfur.Borrowingtermsusedinthedescriptionofoil,naturalgaswithahighsulfurcontentiscalled"sour"whilethatwithalowcontentisreferredtoas"sweet"Regardlessoftheexactcomposition,naturalgasmustberefinedtoremoveitsimpurities;whenreadyforuse,itisnearlypuremethane.5.Naturalgasoffersmanyadvantagesasafuelsource,thefirstandmostimportantbeingthatitisextremelycleanburning.Whileoilandcoalbothhavecomplexmolecularstructures,methane'sissimple:onecarbonatomsurroundedbyfouratomsofhydrogen.Thelackofexcessparticlestranslatesintofewerwastebyproductsduringcombustion.Forexample,allfossilfuelsproducecarbondioxidewhenburned,butnaturalgasreleasessubstantiallylesscarbondioxidethanotherfuels.Giventhemajorroleofcarbondioxideintheaccelerationofglobalwarming,{{U}}this{{/U}}isanimportantattribute.Inaddition,naturalgasemitsfarlessnitrogenandsulfur,whicharekeycontributorstothesmogthatpollutestheairinmetropolitanareas,aswellasacidrain.6.Thebenefitsofnaturalgasextendfarbeyonditscleanliness.Sinceitcontainsfewerwasteparticles,itsenergycanbeacquiredwithmuchmoreefficiencythanthatoftheotherfossilfuels,meaningaloweroverallcostfortheconsumer.Anotheradvantageisthatnaturalgasistransportedviaundergroundpipelinesinsteadofbyshipsandtrucks.Finally,naturalgasisrelativelyplentifulandwidespread.GeologistshaveidentifiedextensivestoresinCanada,theUnitedStates,Russia,theMiddleEast,andAustralia,amongotherlocations.Withtheworld'soilsuppliesquicklydwindling,itisbecomingmoreimportantthanevertoutilizealternativeenergyresourcessuchasnaturalgas.7.Ofcourse,noenergyresourceisperfect,andtherearesomedrawbackstotheuseofnaturalgas.Itslowdensitymeansthatitrequireslargertanksforstoragethanoilandcoaldo,anditisimpossibletopipeitacrosstheoceans.Somepeoplehaveconcernsaboutitssafetyaswell,sinceitslackofcolorandsmellcanmakedetectingaleakdifficult.However,whenbothitspositiveandnegativecharacteristicsareweighed,itbecomesclearthatnaturalgasisperhapsthebestenergyresourceavailabletoday.

填空题The Declaration of Independence Most people know that in 1776 the thirteen American colonies declared their independence from Britain and decided to form their own country. The reasons why the colonists decided to declare their independence, however, are very complex. Britain had ruled over colonies in America since the 1600s. 1 [■] Since Britain was very far away, by the mid-1700"s, the East Coast colonists had become virtually self-sufficient. 2 [■] They governed themselves autonomously for the most part, using elected assemblies to make local laws. 3 [■] They formed their own militia to deal with Indian attacks and other problems, and slowly expanded westwards. 4 [■] There were the problems between Britain and the colonies in I763. Britain had just defeated France in a long war, and had taken over a great deal of French land in North America. 1 [■] But to pay for the war and to manage the new lands, the British needed financial resources. 2 [■] The colonists became filled with discontent over the taxes and declared that since they were British citizens they could not be taxed without their representatives in the government agreeing to that. 3 [■] Their motto was no taxation without representation. 4 [■] The colonists doggedly held to this view of actual representation, while the British upheld the concept of virtual representation, which meant a member of the London Parliament virtually represented every British citizen, colonist or not, so a specific representative from the colonies was not necessary. 1 [■] As more taxes were imposed, the colonists grew ever angrier with the mother land. 2 [■] In a final surge of anger, they dumped ship-loads of British tea into Boston harbor in a protest that became known as the Boston Tea Party. 3 [■] Eventually, the colonists realized that they did not need the British government, and that they had done pretty well on their own. 4 [■] They fought the British in several small battles and realized, finally, that to be happy and free, they had to break away from Britain. 1 [■] A number of wealthy merchants who had done well under the British rule were less enthusiastic supporters of emancipation. 2 [■] They feared severe retaliation at the hands of the British and were not willing to risk life and limb, as well as their wealth, for such lofty ideals as independence. 3 [■] Soon, two parties established themselves within the American government. The lefties were enthusiastic and vociferous supporters of American independence. They were the hotheads who had organized the boycotts and street rallies. On the other side were the conservative plantation owners and rich constituents still loyal to the English crown. Eventually, though, the democratic wing won over the royalists. 4 [■] In 1776, Thomas Jefferson, asked by the leaders of the American Colonies, wrote a document called the Declaration of Independence, which consisted of two parts. The first part was a list of their rights and the second part was a list of the numerous ways that England had denied these rights to its colonists. Finally on July 4, 1776, leaders of the colonies signed the Declaration of Independence, which marked the beginning of a new country. Glossary assembly: legislative body that especially makes up the lower house of a legislature colonist: an inhabitant of a colony taxation: the imposition of taxes parliament: legislative assembly in certain countries

填空题Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the type of mass wasting to which they refer. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 4 points. Answer Choices A．Occur when a mass of rock moves downslope as a unit B．Involve the mass movement of soil containing a large amount of water C．May have the consistency of wet concrete or soup D．Occur where sloping rock layers have cracks parallel to the slope E．Occur when a layer of snow breaks loose and moves rapidly downslope F．Include the transportation of organic materials by wind and water G．Float on a thin layer of air as they move rapidly down a mountain H．Move slowly but with enough force to carry away trees and houses I．Occur on slopes where layers of volcanic debris become extremely wet

填空题Lookatthefoursquares,,,,and,whichindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Thisisduetothebeatingofthedoublereedthroughwhichtheairtravelsasitleavestheplayer'smouth.Thehighestofthestandardorchestralinstruments,thefluteisunliketheotherwoodwindsbecauseitisheldacrosstheplayer'smouth.Theairinsideissetinvibrationbytheactionoftheairstreamagainsttheedgeofthehole.Theflutehasnoreed,soitstoneispureandcreamy.Incontrast,theoboehasarasping,"sawtooth"configurationtoitssoundwhenplayedloud.However,theoboecanproduceaquietandgentlesoundwhencalledfor,anditcanevenapproximatethehumanvoice.

填空题Super Volcanic Eruptions 1 [■] The Earth is very dynamic and complex processes often result in unusual formations. 2 [■] Volcanoes form deep within the bowels of the earth in places, where hot sticky magma tries to push its way outward to the surface. 3 [■] The earth starts to rumble and grumble as thinned magma called lava makes its way to the top of the mantle. 4 [■] The magma collects slowly in places called hot spots and starts putting pressure on the upper crust. 1 [□] These tiny fissures allow lava to leak out slowly and pour down the side of the volcano. 2 [□] A billow of noxious gas and ash accompanies the phenomenon. 3 [□] When the inner pressure becomes unbearable, a volcanic eruption takes place. 4 [□] Lava bursts forth in one gigantic explosion burying everything in its path. These explosions are normal occurrences in the geology of the earth. 1 [■] Volcanologists, however, have come up with evidence of more unusual volcanic activity than the one witnessed thus far. 2 [■] New sites uncovered in Yellowstone National Park and Long Valley, California, demonstrate the existence of so-called super volcanoes. 3 [■] These super volcanoes would have had erupted some 750,000 years ago and completely altered the surrounding landscape around over a distance of several hundred thousand feet. 4 [■] Geologists are certain that super volcanoes are currently in a state of dormancy. 1 [□] They can erupt sometime in the distant future, once they become active again. 2[□] It is possible that the next super volcanic eruption will occur at the end of our millennium. 3 [□] While we may not be alive by then to witness it, uncovering clues as to how these fantastic activities take place should make predicting them easier. 4 [□] Super volcanoes form beneath so-called hot spots within the earth"s mantle. 1 [■] When two tectonic plates move one beneath the other, the earth mantle melts to form a viscous flow-resistant substance. 2 [■] This substance, the magma, slowly accumulates inside a magma chamber and heats up the earth crust above. 3 [■] This newly formed magma exerts formidable pressure on the soil, as it does not allow any water or gas to leak out. 4 [■] The earth cracks along a vertical line and finally lava explodes to the surface. 1 [□] A Super volcanic eruption is more of an outburst of cataclysmic proportion. 2 [□] when the lava bursts forth, a pyroclastic flow of scalding ash and gas accompanies the explosion. 3 [□] The rocks above the magma chamber collapse under the pressure to make room for a dome shaped crater called a caldera. 4 [□] Over time, more magma collects under the caldera and fresh lava may leak out the sides. But it is not until sufficient magma accumulates inside the chamber that a new super volcano erupts again. Climatologists have documented the devastating effects of super volcanic eruptions for mankind. 1 [■] One such effect would be the sheer size of land covered by lava. 2 [■] The lava that exists in a volcano didn"t have any time to leak out before the actual explosion. 3 [■] Thus, it has a larger volume when spewed out, which means it may cover a territory twice as big as the state of California alone. 4 [■] These gases that result from a super volcanic eruption have high sulfate content. This sulfate binds with ozone to form sulfuric acid. 1 [□] Therefore, the world"s atmosphere gets depleted of the vital ozone that usually protects us from harmful UV rays. 2 [□] The ozone hole would only get bigger in the event of a super volcano. 3 [□] The sulfuric acid that would accumulate in the atmosphere would eventually condense and poison the environment while falling down on earth. 4 [□] Glossary lava: magma rock that has erupted from a volcano or fissure and flowed on to the Earth"s surface or the ocean, floor tectonic plates: a small number of large plates of solid rock, whose movements m relation to each other are responsible for continental drift pyroclastic: of an individual fragment of lava that has been ejected into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption

填空题Lookatthefoursquares,,,,and,whichindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Thisirritationiscausedbyvirusesorbacteria,exposuretotobaccosmoke,orairpollution.Bronchitisisaninflammationofthebronchialtubesinthelungs.Itoftenappearsafteracoldoranupperrespiratoryinfectionthatdoesnothealcompletely.Italsomayaccompanychildhoodinfectionssuchasmeasles,whoopingcough,andtyphoidfever.Theinflamedbronchialtubessecreteastickymucuscalledsputum.Itisdifficultforthetinyhairsonthebronchitoclearoutthissputum.Thecoughthatcomeswithbronchitisisthebody'sattempttoeliminateit.Othersymptomsincludediscomfortortightnessinthechest,lowfever,sorethroat,andsometimeswheezing.Severecasesofbronchitismayleadtopneumonia.

填空题In this question, you will read a short passage about a campus situation, listen to a conversation, and then speak in response to a question about what you have read and heard. After you hear the question, you have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak. Read the following notice about parking on a university campus. PARKING ON CAMPUS A permit is required for all students who park a vehicle on the main campus during the day or evening, Monday through Friday. Parking permits can be purchased from the Cashier"s Office and picked up at the Security Office on the first floor of Building 21. Students must park in the new parking lot near the east entrance. Quarterly parking permits cost $60 for full-time students and $45 for part-time students. Annual permits are $140 and are sold Fall Quarter only. Owners of vehicles without a valid parking permit may purchase a daily parking permit for $5 at the pay station located at the east entrance. Now cover the passage and listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin preparing your response. The man expresses his opinion about parking on campus. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.