填空题The Declaration of Independence
Most people know that in 1776 the thirteen American colonies declared their independence from Britain and decided to form their own country. The reasons why the colonists decided to declare their independence, however, are very complex.
Britain had ruled over colonies in America since the 1600s. 1 [■] Since Britain was very far away, by the mid-1700"s, the East Coast colonists had become virtually self-sufficient. 2 [■] They governed themselves autonomously for the most part, using elected assemblies to make local laws. 3 [■] They formed their own militia to deal with Indian attacks and other problems, and slowly expanded westwards. 4 [■]
There were the problems between Britain and the colonies in I763. Britain had just defeated France in a long war, and had taken over a great deal of French land in North America. 1 [■] But to pay for the war and to manage the new lands, the British needed financial resources. 2 [■] The colonists became filled with discontent over the taxes and declared that since they were British citizens they could not be taxed without their representatives in the government agreeing to that. 3 [■] Their motto was no taxation without representation. 4 [■]
The colonists doggedly held to this view of actual representation, while the British upheld the concept of virtual representation, which meant a member of the London Parliament virtually represented every British citizen, colonist or not, so a specific representative from the colonies was not necessary. 1 [■] As more taxes were imposed, the colonists grew ever angrier with the mother land. 2 [■] In a final surge of anger, they dumped ship-loads of British tea into Boston harbor in a protest that became known as the Boston Tea Party. 3 [■] Eventually, the colonists realized that they did not need the British government, and that they had done pretty well on their own. 4 [■] They fought the British in several small battles and realized, finally, that to be happy and free, they had to break away from Britain.
1 [■] A number of wealthy merchants who had done well under the British rule were less enthusiastic supporters of emancipation. 2 [■] They feared severe retaliation at the hands of the British and were not willing to risk life and limb, as well as their wealth, for such lofty ideals as independence. 3 [■] Soon, two parties established themselves within the American government. The lefties were enthusiastic and vociferous supporters of American independence. They were the hotheads who had organized the boycotts and street rallies. On the other side were the conservative plantation owners and rich constituents still loyal to the English crown. Eventually, though, the democratic wing won over the royalists. 4 [■]
In 1776, Thomas Jefferson, asked by the leaders of the American Colonies, wrote a document called the Declaration of Independence, which consisted of two parts. The first part was a list of their rights and the second part was a list of the numerous ways that England had denied these rights to its colonists. Finally on July 4, 1776, leaders of the colonies signed the Declaration of Independence, which marked the beginning of a new country.
Glossary
assembly:
legislative body that especially makes up the lower house of a legislature
colonist:
an inhabitant of a colony
taxation:
the imposition of taxes
parliament:
legislative assembly in certain countries
填空题Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match
them to the type of mass wasting to which they refer. TWO of the answer choices
will NOT be used. This question is worth 4 points.
Answer Choices A．Occur when a mass of
rock moves downslope as a unit B．Involve the mass movement of
soil containing a large amount of water C．May have the
consistency of wet concrete or soup D．Occur where sloping rock
layers have cracks parallel to the slope E．Occur when a layer
of snow breaks loose and moves rapidly downslope F．Include the
transportation of organic materials by wind and water G．Float
on a thin layer of air as they move rapidly down a mountain
H．Move slowly but with enough force to carry away trees and houses
I．Occur on slopes where layers of volcanic debris become extremely
wet
填空题Lookatthefoursquares,,,,and,whichindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Thisisduetothebeatingofthedoublereedthroughwhichtheairtravelsasitleavestheplayer'smouth.Thehighestofthestandardorchestralinstruments,thefluteisunliketheotherwoodwindsbecauseitisheldacrosstheplayer'smouth.Theairinsideissetinvibrationbytheactionoftheairstreamagainsttheedgeofthehole.Theflutehasnoreed,soitstoneispureandcreamy.Incontrast,theoboehasarasping,"sawtooth"configurationtoitssoundwhenplayedloud.However,theoboecanproduceaquietandgentlesoundwhencalledfor,anditcanevenapproximatethehumanvoice.
填空题Super Volcanic Eruptions
1 [■] The Earth is very dynamic and complex processes often result in unusual formations. 2 [■] Volcanoes form deep within the bowels of the earth in places, where hot sticky magma tries to push its way outward to the surface. 3 [■] The earth starts to rumble and grumble as thinned magma called lava makes its way to the top of the mantle. 4 [■] The magma collects slowly in places called hot spots and starts putting pressure on the upper crust. 1 [□] These tiny fissures allow lava to leak out slowly and pour down the side of the volcano. 2 [□] A billow of noxious gas and ash accompanies the phenomenon. 3 [□] When the inner pressure becomes unbearable, a volcanic eruption takes place. 4 [□] Lava bursts forth in one gigantic explosion burying everything in its path.
These explosions are normal occurrences in the geology of the earth. 1 [■] Volcanologists, however, have come up with evidence of more unusual volcanic activity than the one witnessed thus far. 2 [■] New sites uncovered in Yellowstone National Park and Long Valley, California, demonstrate the existence of so-called super volcanoes. 3 [■] These super volcanoes would have had erupted some 750,000 years ago and completely altered the surrounding landscape around over a distance of several hundred thousand feet. 4 [■] Geologists are certain that super volcanoes are currently in a state of dormancy. 1 [□] They can erupt sometime in the distant future, once they become active again. 2[□] It is possible that the next super volcanic eruption will occur at the end of our millennium. 3 [□] While we may not be alive by then to witness it, uncovering clues as to how these fantastic activities take place should make predicting them easier. 4 [□]
Super volcanoes form beneath so-called hot spots within the earth"s mantle. 1 [■] When two tectonic plates move one beneath the other, the earth mantle melts to form a viscous flow-resistant substance. 2 [■] This substance, the magma, slowly accumulates inside a magma chamber and heats up the earth crust above. 3 [■] This newly formed magma exerts formidable pressure on the soil, as it does not allow any water or gas to leak out. 4 [■] The earth cracks along a vertical line and finally lava explodes to the surface. 1 [□] A Super volcanic eruption is more of an outburst of cataclysmic proportion. 2 [□] when the lava bursts forth, a pyroclastic flow of scalding ash and gas accompanies the explosion. 3 [□] The rocks above the magma chamber collapse under the pressure to make room for a dome shaped crater called a caldera. 4 [□] Over time, more magma collects under the caldera and fresh lava may leak out the sides. But it is not until sufficient magma accumulates inside the chamber that a new super volcano erupts again.
Climatologists have documented the devastating effects of super volcanic eruptions for mankind. 1 [■] One such effect would be the sheer size of land covered by lava. 2 [■] The lava that exists in a volcano didn"t have any time to leak out before the actual explosion. 3 [■] Thus, it has a larger volume when spewed out, which means it may cover a territory twice as big as the state of California alone. 4 [■] These gases that result from a super volcanic eruption have high sulfate content. This sulfate binds with ozone to form sulfuric acid. 1 [□] Therefore, the world"s atmosphere gets depleted of the vital ozone that usually protects us from harmful UV rays. 2 [□] The ozone hole would only get bigger in the event of a super volcano. 3 [□] The sulfuric acid that would accumulate in the atmosphere would eventually condense and poison the environment while falling down on earth. 4 [□]
Glossary
lava:
magma rock that has erupted from a volcano or fissure and flowed on to the Earth"s surface or the ocean, floor
tectonic plates:
a small number of large plates of solid rock, whose movements m relation to each other are responsible for continental drift
pyroclastic:
of an individual fragment of lava that has been ejected into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption
填空题Lookatthefoursquares,,,,and,whichindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Thisirritationiscausedbyvirusesorbacteria,exposuretotobaccosmoke,orairpollution.Bronchitisisaninflammationofthebronchialtubesinthelungs.Itoftenappearsafteracoldoranupperrespiratoryinfectionthatdoesnothealcompletely.Italsomayaccompanychildhoodinfectionssuchasmeasles,whoopingcough,andtyphoidfever.Theinflamedbronchialtubessecreteastickymucuscalledsputum.Itisdifficultforthetinyhairsonthebronchitoclearoutthissputum.Thecoughthatcomeswithbronchitisisthebody'sattempttoeliminateit.Othersymptomsincludediscomfortortightnessinthechest,lowfever,sorethroat,andsometimeswheezing.Severecasesofbronchitismayleadtopneumonia.
填空题In this question, you will read a short passage about a campus situation, listen to a conversation, and then speak in response to a question about what you have read and heard. After you hear the question, you have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.
Read the following notice about parking on a university campus.
PARKING ON CAMPUS
A permit is required for all students who park a vehicle on the main campus during the day or evening, Monday through Friday. Parking permits can be purchased from the Cashier"s Office and picked up at the Security Office on the first floor of Building 21. Students must park in the new parking lot near the east entrance.
Quarterly parking permits cost $60 for full-time students and $45 for part-time students. Annual permits are $140 and are sold Fall Quarter only. Owners of vehicles without a valid parking permit may purchase a daily parking permit for $5 at the pay station located at the east entrance.
Now cover the passage and listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin preparing your response.
The man expresses his opinion about parking on campus. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.
填空题Lookatthefoursquares,,,,and,whichindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Researchersfoundthathigh-pitchednotesmadepeoplethinkofbrightcolors,whilelowtonesbroughtdarkcolorstomind.Forpeoplewithaconditioncalledsynesthesia,soundisdirectlylinkedtothesenseofsight,andtheyexperiencesoundsbyseeingthemascolors.However,differentsoundssometimesremindeveryoneofdifferentcolors.Inonestudy,studentswereaskedtorelatecolorstodifferenttonesofmusic.White,yellow,andpinkwereassociatedwithtonesinthe4,000-Hzrange;blueandgreenwereassociatedwithtonesinthe1,000-Hzrange;andbrown,gray,andblackwereassociatedwithtonesinthe200-Hzrange.